Non-equilibrium approach for the simulation of CO2 expansion in two-phase ejector driven by subcritical motive pressure

Anderson, 1995 Angielczyk, 2010, 1-D Modelling of Supersonic Carbon Dioxide Two-Phase Flow through Ejector Motive Nozzle, 1 Ansys, 2019 Banasiak, 2015, Development and performance mapping of a multi-ejector expansion work recovery pack for R744 vapour compression units, Int. J. Refrig, 57, 265, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.05.016 Besagni, 2019, Ejectors on the cutting edge: the past, the present and the perspective, Energy, 170, 998, 10.1016/j.energy.2018.12.214 Bilicki, 1990, Physical aspects of the relaxation model in two-phase flow, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A: Math., Phys. Eng. Sci, 428, 379, 10.1098/rspa.1990.0040 Bodys, 2018, Design and simulations of refrigerated sea water chillers with CO2 ejector pumps for marine applications in hot climates, Energy, 161, 90, 10.1016/j.energy.2018.07.126 Carey, 2007 Chung, 2010 Colarossi, 2012, Multidimensional modeling of condensing two-phase ejector flow, Int. J. Refrig, 35, 290, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2011.08.013 Dang Le, 2018, Computational fluid dynamics modeling of flashing flow in convergent-Divergent nozzle, J. Fluids Eng., 140, 10.1115/1.4039908 Downar-Zapolski, 1996, The non-equilibrium relaxation model for one-dimensional flashing liquid flow, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 22, 473, 10.1016/0301-9322(95)00078-X Elbel, 2008, Experimental validation of a prototype ejector designed to reduce throttling losses encountered in transcritical R744 system operation, Int. J. Refrig., 31, 411, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2007.07.013 Elbel, 2016, Review of recent developments in advanced ejector technology, Int. J. Refrig., 62, 1, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.10.031 European Commission, 2014, Regulation (EU) no 517/2014 of the european parliament and of the council of 16 april 2014 on fluorinated greenhouse gases and repealing regulation (EC) no 842/2006 text with EEA relevance, Off. J. Eur. Union, 57, 195 European Commission, 2018. EU ratifies Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol | Climate Action. Giacomelli, 2016, Evaporation in supersonic CO2 ejectors: analysis of theoretical and numerical models Giacomelli, 2018, A novel CFD approach for the computation of R744 flashing nozzles in compressible and metastable conditions, Energy, 162, 1092, 10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.050 Haida, 2016, Experimental analysis of the R744 vapour compression rack equipped with the multi-ejector expansion work recovery module, Int. J. Refrig., 64, 93, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.01.017 Haida, 2018, Numerical investigation of heat transfer in a CO2 two-phase ejector, Energy, 163, 682, 10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.175 Haida, 2018, System model derivation of the CO2 two-phase ejector based on the CFD-based reduced-order model, Energy, 144, 941, 10.1016/j.energy.2017.12.055 Haida, 2018, Modified homogeneous relaxation model for the R744 trans-critical flow in a two-phase ejector, Int. J. Refrig, 85, 314, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.10.010 Lemmon, 2010 Lucas, 2014, Numerical investigation of a two-phase CO2 ejector, Int. J. Refrig., 43, 154, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2014.03.003 Mota-Babiloni, 2015, Analysis based on EU regulation no 517 / 2014 of new HFC / HFO mixtures as alternatives of high GWP refrigerants in refrigeration and HVAC systems, Int. J. Refrig., 52, 21, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2014.12.021 Nakagawa, 2009, Supersonic two-phase flow of CO2 through converging-diverging nozzles for the ejector refrigeration cycle, Int. J. Refrig., 32, 1195, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2009.01.015 Palacz, 2017, HEM and HRM accuracy comparison for the simulation of CO2 expansion in two-phase ejectors for supermarket refrigeration systems, Appl Therm Eng, 115, 160, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.12.122 Palacz, 2015, Application range of the HEM approach for CO2 expansion inside two-phase ejectors for supermarket refrigeration systems, Int. J. Refrig, 59, 251, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2015.07.006 Palacz, 2017, Shape optimisation of a two-phase ejector for CO2 refrigeration systems, Int. J. Refrig., 74, 210, 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.10.013 Purohit, 2017, Comparative assessment of low-GWP based refrigerating plants operating in hot climates, Energy Procedia, 109, 138, 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.079 Shih, 1995, A new - Eddy-Viscosity model for high Reynolds number turbulent flows - Model development and validation, Comput. Fluids, 24(3), 227, 10.1016/0045-7930(94)00032-T Singhal, 2002, Mathematical basis and validation of the full cavitation model, J. Fluids Eng., 124, 617, 10.1115/1.1486223 Smolka, 2013, A computational model of a transcritical R744 ejector based on a homogeneous real fluid approach, Appl. Math. Model., 37, 1208, 10.1016/j.apm.2012.03.044 Stadtke, 2006 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 1987. Montreal Protocol, 1987. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 1997. Kyoto Protocol, 1997. Yazdani, 2012, Numerical modeling of two-phase supersonic ejectors for work-recovery applications, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 55, 5744, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.05.071 Yixiang Liao, 2015, 3D CFD simulation of flashing flows in a converging-diverging nozzle, Nucl. Eng. Des., 292, 149, 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.06.015