Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Các Bệnh Granuloma Không Nhiễm Khuẩn Tại Da và Những Bệnh Hệ Thống Có Liên Quan
Tóm tắt
Các bệnh granuloma không nhiễm khuẩn của da là một nhóm rộng lớn các tình trạng viêm phản ứng riêng biệt, có những điểm tương đồng quan trọng. Nhìn chung, chúng tương đối khó chẩn đoán và phân biệt cả về lâm sàng lẫn mô học. Nhiều rối loạn trong số này có mối liên hệ đáng kể với các bệnh hệ thống có ảnh hưởng đến tiên lượng tổng thể của bệnh nhân. Trong bản cập nhật này, chúng tôi sẽ thảo luận về các khái niệm mới nổi và các tranh cãi trong lĩnh vực này, thông qua các câu trả lời dựa trên bằng chứng cho bảy câu hỏi lâm sàng quan trọng liên quan đến các granuloma dạng tầng và biểu mô. Những câu hỏi này cung cấp cơ hội để xem xét mười tình trạng granuloma không nhiễm khuẩn có ảnh hưởng đến bệnh hệ thống: granuloma annulare, granuloma tế bào khổng lồ elastolytic hình vòng, necrobiosis lipoidica, nodule dạng thấp do methotrexate dẫn đến, xanthogranuloma necrobiotic, viêm da granuloma kẽ, phản ứng thuốc granuloma kẽ, viêm da granuloma dạng tầng tế bào neutrophil, sarcoidosis, và bệnh Crohn di căn. Các nghiên cứu lâm sàng, dịch tễ học và phòng thí nghiệm gần đây đã giúp làm sáng tỏ một số vấn đề liên quan đến các bệnh này, sự liên hệ của các tình trạng này với các rối loạn hệ thống, và tiên lượng tổng thể của chúng.
Từ khóa
#granulomatous diseases #skin #systemic diseases #diagnosis #clinical questionsTài liệu tham khảo
citation_journal_title=Immunol Today; citation_title=Slow bacterial infections or autoimmunity; citation_author=GA Rook, JL Stanford; citation_volume=13; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=1992; citation_pages=160-4; citation_doi=10.1016/0167-5699(92)90119-R; citation_id=CR1
citation_journal_title=Clin Exp Dermatol; citation_title=Are granulomatous reactions in old zoster lesions due to an immune response to varicella zoster virus envelope glucoproteins; citation_author=AF Nikkels, GE Pierard; citation_volume=23; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=237-8; citation_doi=10.1046/j.1365-2230.1998.00364.x; citation_id=CR2
citation_journal_title=Lancet; citation_title=A mimic of sarcoidosis [letter]; citation_author=L Dzirlo, M Hubner, C Muller; citation_volume=369; citation_issue=9575; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=1832; citation_doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60822-8; citation_id=CR3
citation_journal_title=Int J Dermatol; citation_title=Erythema nodosum and associated diseases: a study of 129 cases; citation_author=B Cribier, A Caille, E Heid; citation_volume=37; citation_issue=9; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=667-72; citation_doi=10.1046/j.1365-4362.1998.00316.x; citation_id=CR4
citation_journal_title=J Cutan Pathol; citation_title=A distinctive cutaneous reaction pattern indicative of infection by reactive arthropathy-associated microbial pathogens: the superantigen ID reaction; citation_author=CM Magro, AN Crowson; citation_volume=25; citation_issue=10; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=538-44; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1600-0560.1998.tb01737.x; citation_id=CR5
citation_journal_title=Adv Dermatol; citation_title=Noninfectious granulomatous diseases: an update; citation_author=L Izikson, JC English; citation_volume=22; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=31-53; citation_doi=10.1016/j.yadr.2006.09.005; citation_id=CR6
citation_title=Andrews’ diseases of the skin: clinical dermatology; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_id=CR7; citation_publisher=Elsevier Saunders
citation_title=Pathology of the skin: with clinical correlations; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_id=CR8; citation_publisher=Mosby
citation_title=Skin pathology; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_id=CR9; citation_publisher=Churchill Livingstone
citation_journal_title=J Cutan Pathol; citation_title=The histologic spectrum of cutaneous sarcoidosis: a study of twenty-eight cases; citation_author=NJ Ball, GT Kho, M Martinka; citation_volume=31; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=160-8; citation_doi=10.1111/j.0303-6987.2004.00157.x; citation_id=CR10
citation_journal_title=Am J Dermatopathology; citation_title=Granuloma annulare and malignant neoplasms; citation_author=A Li, DJ Hogan, ID Sanusi; citation_volume=25; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=113-6; citation_doi=10.1097/00000372-200304000-00004; citation_id=CR11
citation_journal_title=Am J Dermatopathol; citation_title=Granuloma annulare and malignant neoplasms; citation_author=H Abunasra, E Morgan; citation_volume=25; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=502-3; citation_doi=10.1097/00000372-200312000-00013; citation_id=CR12
citation_journal_title=J Am Acad Dermatol; citation_title=A typical generalized granuloma annulare associated with two visceral cancers; citation_author=S Shimizu, C Yasui, K Tsuchiya; citation_volume=54; citation_issue=5Suppl.; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=236-8; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2005.10.045; citation_id=CR13
citation_journal_title=Clin Exp Dermatol; citation_title=Widespread granuloma annulare and Hodgkin’s disease; citation_author=A Dadban, B Slama, A Azzedine; citation_volume=33; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=465-8; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.02730.x; citation_id=CR14
citation_journal_title=Am J Dermatopathol; citation_title=Generalized granuloma annulare as an initial manifestation of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: a report of 2 cases; citation_author=MR Hinckley, SN Walsh, I Molnar; citation_volume=30; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=274-7; citation_doi=10.1097/DAD.0b013e318166ea1a; citation_id=CR15
citation_journal_title=Arch Dermatol; citation_title=Granuloma annulare: long-term follow-up; citation_author=MV Dahl; citation_volume=143; citation_issue=7; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=946-7; citation_doi=10.1001/archderm.143.7.946; citation_id=CR16
citation_journal_title=J Am Acad Dermatol; citation_title=Granuloma annulare in patients with malignant lymphoma: clinicopathologic study of thirteen new cases; citation_author=SK Barksdale, C Perniciaro, KC Halling; citation_volume=31; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=42-8; citation_doi=10.1016/S0190-9622(94)70133-4; citation_id=CR17
citation_journal_title=J Am Acad Dermatol; citation_title=Generalized granuloma annulare: clinical and laboratory findings in 100 patients; citation_author=K Dabski, RK Winkelmann; citation_volume=20; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=1989; citation_pages=39-47; citation_doi=10.1016/S0190-9622(89)70005-0; citation_id=CR18
citation_journal_title=Am J Dermatopathol; citation_title=Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis secondary to acute promyelocytic leukemia; citation_author=DC Swing, DJ Sheehan, OP Sangueza; citation_volume=30; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=197-9; citation_doi=10.1097/DAD.0b013e318162af78; citation_id=CR19
citation_journal_title=Int J Dermatol; citation_title=Granuloma annulare, relapsing polychondritis, sarcoidosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus: conditions whose dermatologic manifestations may occur as hematologic malignancy-associated mucocutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes; citation_author=PR Cohen; citation_volume=45; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=70-80; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1365-4632.2005.02667.x; citation_id=CR20
citation_journal_title=J Am Acad Dermatol; citation_title=Actinically degenerate elastic tissue is the likely antigenic basis of actinic granuloma of the skin and of temporal arteritis; citation_author=JP O’Brien, W Regan; citation_volume=40; citation_issue=2Pt1; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=214-22; citation_doi=10.1016/S0190-9622(99)70191-X; citation_id=CR21
citation_journal_title=Histopathology; citation_title=The spectrum of primary cutaneous elastolytic granulomas and their distinction from granuloma annulare: a clinicopathological analysis; citation_author=C Limas; citation_volume=44; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=277-82; citation_doi=10.1111/j.0309-0167.2004.01755.x; citation_id=CR22
citation_journal_title=Acta Dermato-Venereologica; citation_title=Adult T cell leukemia accompanied by annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma; citation_author=Y Kuramoto, M Watanabe, H Tagami; citation_volume=70; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=1990; citation_pages=164-7; citation_id=CR23
citation_journal_title=Arch Dermatol; citation_title=Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma heralding onset and recurrence of acute myelogenous leukemia; citation_author=A Garg, RV Kundu, O Plotkin; citation_volume=142; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=532-3; citation_id=CR24
citation_journal_title=Arch Dermatol; citation_title=Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum: a clinical and pathological investigation of 171 cases; citation_author=SA Muller, RK Winkelmann; citation_volume=93; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=1966; citation_pages=272-81; citation_doi=10.1001/archderm.1966.01600210008002; citation_id=CR25
citation_journal_title=Br J Dermatol; citation_title=Necrobiosis lipoidica: only aminority of patients have diabetes mellitus; citation_author=EA O’Toole, U Kennedy, JJ Nolan; citation_volume=140; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=283-6; citation_doi=10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02663.x; citation_id=CR26
citation_journal_title=A case controlled study; citation_title=Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum: association with background retinopathy, smoking, and proteinuria; citation_author=WF Kelly, J Nicholas, J Adams; citation_volume=10; citation_issue=8; citation_publication_date=1993; citation_pages=725-8; citation_id=CR27
citation_journal_title=Pediatr Dermatol; citation_title=Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum in children and adolescents: a clue for underlying renal and retinal disease; citation_author=A Verrotti, F Chiarelli, P Amerio; citation_volume=12; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=220-3; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1525-1470.1995.tb00162.x; citation_id=CR28
citation_journal_title=Diabetes Care; citation_title=The prevalence of cutaneous manifestations in young patients with type 1 diabetes; citation_author=MD Pavlovic, T Milenkovic, M Dinic; citation_volume=30; citation_issue=8; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=1964-7; citation_doi=10.2337/dc07-0267; citation_id=CR29
citation_journal_title=South Afr Med J; citation_title=Non-diabetic necrobiosis lipoidica: hitherto unrecognized papulonecrotic, nodulo-ulcerative and familial forms of the disease; citation_author=GH Findlay, JG Morrison, HA de Beer; citation_volume=59; citation_issue=10; citation_publication_date=1981; citation_pages=323-6; citation_id=CR30
citation_journal_title=Aust J Dermatol; citation_title=Familial non-diabetic necrobiosis lipoidica; citation_author=KK Ho, S O’Loughlin, FC Powell; citation_volume=33; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=1992; citation_pages=31-4; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1440-0960.1992.tb00049.x; citation_id=CR31
citation_journal_title=Dermatol Online J; citation_title=Familial necrobiosis lipoidica not associated with diabetes; citation_author=E Roche-Gamon, JJ Vilata-Corell, M Velasco-Pastor; citation_volume=13; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=26; citation_id=CR32
citation_journal_title=Arch Dermatol; citation_title=Necrobiosis lipoidica in monozygotic twins; citation_author=I Shimanovich, H Erdmann, J Grabbe; citation_volume=144; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=119-20; citation_doi=10.1001/archdermatol.2007.26; citation_id=CR33
citation_journal_title=Arthritis Rheum; citation_title=The safety and efficacy of the use of methotrexate in longterm therapy for rheumatoid arthritis; citation_author=JM Kremer, JK Lee; citation_volume=29; citation_issue=7; citation_publication_date=1986; citation_pages=822-31; citation_doi=10.1002/art.1780290702; citation_id=CR34
citation_journal_title=J Rheumatol; citation_title=Accelerated nodulosis during low dose methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: an analysis of ten cases; citation_author=PJ Kerstens, AM Boerbooms, ME Jeurissen; citation_volume=19; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=1992; citation_pages=867-71; citation_id=CR35
citation_journal_title=J Pediatr; citation_title=Accelerated nodulosis during methotrexate therapy for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; citation_author=MA Muzaffer, R Schneider, BJ Cameron; citation_volume=128; citation_issue=5Pt1; citation_publication_date=1996; citation_pages=698-700; citation_id=CR36
citation_journal_title=Medicine; citation_title=The HLA-DRB1*0401 allele and the development of methotrexate-induced accelerated rheumatoid nodulosis: a follow-up study of 79 Caucasian patients with rheumatoid arthritis; citation_author=SS Ahmed, FC Arnett, CA Smith; citation_volume=80; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=271-8; citation_doi=10.1097/00005792-200107000-00006; citation_id=CR37
citation_journal_title=J Am Acad Dermatol; citation_title=Rheumatoid arthritis: a review of the cutaneous manifestations; citation_author=A Sayah, JC English; citation_volume=53; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=191-209; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2004.07.023; citation_id=CR38
citation_journal_title=Arthritis Rheum; citation_title=Accelerated nodulosis and vasculitis following etanercept therapy for rheumatoid arthritis; citation_author=G Cunnane, M Warnock, KH Fye; citation_volume=47; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=445-9; citation_doi=10.1002/art.10535; citation_id=CR39
citation_journal_title=J Clin Rheumatol; citation_title=Accelerated cutaneous nodulosis during infliximab therapy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis; citation_author=CL Mackley, BE Ostrov, MD Ioffreda; citation_volume=10; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=336-8; citation_doi=10.1097/01.rhu.0000147054.26777.43; citation_id=CR40
citation_journal_title=Arthritis Rheum; citation_title=Accelerated nodulosis during azathioprine therapy; citation_author=P Langevitz, L Maguire, M Urowitz; citation_volume=34; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=1991; citation_pages=123-4; citation_doi=10.1002/art.1780340126; citation_id=CR41
citation_journal_title=J Rheumatol; citation_title=2756GG genotype of methionine synthase reductase gene is more prevalent in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate and is associated with methotrexate-induced nodulosis; citation_author=Y Berkun, I Abou Atta, A Rubinow; citation_volume=34; citation_issue=8; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=1664-9; citation_id=CR42
citation_journal_title=Eye; citation_title=Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma masquerading as posterior scleritis; citation_author=A Al-Bermani, F Figueiredo, EL Speight; citation_volume=23; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=239-40; citation_doi=10.1038/eye.2008.37; citation_id=CR43
citation_journal_title=Am J Ophthalmol; citation_title=Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma: long-term outcome of ocular and systemic involvement; citation_author=S Ugurlu, GB Bartley, LE Gibson; citation_volume=129; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=651-7; citation_doi=10.1016/S0002-9394(99)00469-9; citation_id=CR44
citation_journal_title=Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc; citation_title=Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinemia: case report and a pathogenetic theory; citation_author=JD Bullock, GB Bartley, RJ Campbell; citation_volume=84; citation_publication_date=1986; citation_pages=342-54; citation_id=CR45
citation_journal_title=J Am Acad Dermatol; citation_title=Detection of spirochetal microorganisms by focus-floating microscopy in necrobiotic xanthogranuloma; citation_author=B Zelger, K Eisendle, C Mensing; citation_volume=57; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=1026-30; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2007.05.016; citation_id=CR46
citation_journal_title=Am J Dermatopathology; citation_title=Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with IgA paraproteinemia and extracutaneous involvement; citation_author=JS Fortson, AL Schroeter; citation_volume=12; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=1990; citation_pages=579-84; citation_doi=10.1097/00000372-199012000-00008; citation_id=CR47
citation_journal_title=Clin Exp Dermatol; citation_title=Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with two monoclonal paraproteins and no periorbital involvement at presentation; citation_author=TA Chave, PE Hutchinson; citation_volume=26; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=493-6; citation_doi=10.1046/j.1365-2230.2001.00873.x; citation_id=CR48
citation_journal_title=J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol; citation_title=Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma associated with myeloma; citation_author=M Martinez Fernandez, MA Rodriguez Prieto, G I Ruiz; citation_volume=18; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=328-31; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1468-3083.2004.00906.x; citation_id=CR49
citation_journal_title=New Engl J Med; citation_title=A long-term study of prognosis in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance; citation_author=RA Kyle, TM Therneau, SV Rajkumar; citation_volume=346; citation_issue=8; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=564-9; citation_doi=10.1056/NEJMoa01133202; citation_id=CR50
citation_journal_title=Arch Dermatol; citation_title=Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma; citation_author=DA Mehregan, RK Winkelmann; citation_volume=128; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=1992; citation_pages=94-100; citation_doi=10.1001/archderm.1992.01680110104016; citation_id=CR51
citation_journal_title=Cancer; citation_title=Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with myeloma: a case report; citation_author=PY Venencie, A Puissant, O Verola; citation_volume=59; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=1987; citation_pages=588-92; citation_doi=10.1002/1097-0142(19870201)59:3<588::AID-CNCR2820590339>3.0.CO;2-C; citation_id=CR52
citation_journal_title=J Cutan Pathol; citation_title=Collagenolytic (necrobiotic) granulomas: part II. The ‘red’ granulomas; citation_author=JM Lynch, TL Barrett; citation_volume=31; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=409-18; citation_doi=10.1111/j.0303-6987.2004.00208.x; citation_id=CR53
citation_journal_title=Mayo Clinic Proc; citation_title=Giant cell granulomatous pulmonary and myocardial lesions in necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinemia; citation_author=RK Winkelmann, MR Litzow, IJ Umbert; citation_volume=72; citation_issue=11; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=1028-33; citation_doi=10.4065/72.11.1028; citation_id=CR54
citation_journal_title=Ann Intern Med; citation_title=Linear subcutaneous bands in rheumatoid arthritis: an unusual form of rheumatoid granuloma; citation_author=CJ Dykman, GJ Galens, AE Good; citation_volume=63; citation_publication_date=1965; citation_pages=134-40; citation_id=CR55
citation_journal_title=Medicine; citation_title=The cutaneous extravascular necrotizing granuloma (Churg-Strauss granuloma) and systemic disease: a review of 27 cases; citation_author=MC Finan, RK Winkelmann; citation_volume=62; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=1983; citation_pages=142-58; citation_doi=10.1097/00005792-198305000-00002; citation_id=CR56
citation_journal_title=Arch Dermatol; citation_title=The histopathologic spectrum of palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis in patients with collagen vascular disease; citation_author=P Chu, MK Connolly, PE LeBoit; citation_volume=130; citation_issue=10; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=1278-83; citation_doi=10.1001/archderm.1994.01690100062010; citation_id=CR57
citation_journal_title=J Am Acad Dermatol; citation_title=Palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis in rheumatoid arthritis; citation_author=OP Sangueza, MD Caudell, YM Mengesha; citation_volume=47; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=251-7; citation_doi=10.1067/mjd.2002.124620; citation_id=CR58
citation_journal_title=Ann Rheum Dis; citation_title=Does rheumatoid arthritis have a clinicopathological spectrum similar to that of leprosy; citation_author=GS Panayi; citation_volume=41; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=1982; citation_pages=102-3; citation_doi=10.1136/ard.41.1.102; citation_id=CR59
citation_journal_title=Eur J Dermatol; citation_title=Early lesion of palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis in ulcerative colitis; citation_author=A Asahina, H Fujita, Y Fukunaga; citation_volume=17; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=234-7; citation_id=CR60
citation_journal_title=Br J Dermatol; citation_title=Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis in a child with type I diabetes mellitus and coeliac disease; citation_author=A Biswas, K Chittari, D Gey van Pittius; citation_volume=159; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=488-9; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08636.x; citation_id=CR61
citation_journal_title=Semin Arthritis Rheum; citation_title=Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis: an unusual cutaneous manifestation of immunemediated disorders; citation_author=R Bremner, E Simpson, CR White; citation_volume=34; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=610-6; citation_doi=10.1016/j.semarthrit.2004.06.001; citation_id=CR62
citation_journal_title=J Am Acad Dermatol; citation_title=Palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis in a 12-year-old girl with systemic lupus erythematosus; citation_author=JP Germanas, D Mehrabi, KR Carder; citation_volume=55; citation_issue=2Suppl.; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=60-2; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2005.08.050; citation_id=CR63
citation_journal_title=J Am Acad Dermatol; citation_title=Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis associated with limited systemic sclerosis; citation_author=BM Hantash, D Chiang, S Kohler; citation_volume=58; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=661-4; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2007.09.019; citation_id=CR64
citation_journal_title=J Rheumatol; citation_title=Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis with arthritis (Ackerman syndrome); citation_author=N Busquets-Perez, J Narvaez, J Valverde-Garcia; citation_volume=33; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=1207-9; citation_id=CR65
citation_journal_title=Br J Dermatol; citation_title=Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis with plaques associated with antiphospholipid syndrome; citation_author=HW Lee, SE Chang, MW Lee; citation_volume=152; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=814-6; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06505.x; citation_id=CR66
citation_journal_title=J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol; citation_title=Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis associated with autoimmune hepatitis; citation_author=KJ Lee, ES Lee, DY Lee; citation_volume=21; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=684-5; citation_id=CR67
citation_journal_title=J Am Acad Dermatol; citation_title=Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis with cutaneous cords and arthritis: a disorder associated with autoantibodies; citation_author=L Verneuil, A Dompmartin, F Comoz; citation_volume=45; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=286-91; citation_doi=10.1067/mjd.2001.114577; citation_id=CR68
citation_journal_title=Arch Dermatol; citation_title=Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis associated with the use of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors; citation_author=A Deng, V Harvey, B Sina; citation_volume=142; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=198-202; citation_doi=10.1001/archderm.142.2.198; citation_id=CR69
citation_journal_title=Am J Dermatopathol; citation_title=Interstitial granulomatous drug reaction with a histological pattern of interstitial granulomatous dermatitis; citation_author=C Perrin, JP Lacour, JF Michiels; citation_volume=23; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=295-8; citation_doi=10.1097/00000372-200108000-00003; citation_id=CR70
citation_journal_title=J Am Acad Dermatol; citation_title=Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis secondary to soy; citation_author=SW Dyson, A Hirsch, C Jaworsky; citation_volume=51; citation_issue=2Suppl.; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=105-7; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2004.01.041; citation_id=CR71
citation_journal_title=J Cutan Pathol; citation_title=The interstitial granulomatous drug reaction: a distinctive clinical and pathological entity; citation_author=CM Magro, AN Crowson, BL Schapiro; citation_volume=25; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=72-8; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1600-0560.1998.tb01693.x; citation_id=CR72
citation_journal_title=Br J Dermatol; citation_title=Interstitial granulomatous drug reaction presenting as erythroderma: remission after discontinuation of enalapril maleate; citation_author=YC Chen, CH Hsiao, TF Tsai; citation_volume=158; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=1143-5; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08469.x; citation_id=CR73
citation_journal_title=Br J Dermatol; citation_title=A case of interstitial granulomatous drug reaction due to sennoside; citation_author=Y Fujita, T Shimizu, H Shimizu; citation_volume=150; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=1035-7; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05916.x; citation_id=CR74
citation_journal_title=Br J Dermatol; citation_title=Interstitial granulomatous drug reaction following intravenous ganciclovir; citation_author=A Marcollo Pini, K Kerl, J Kamarachev; citation_volume=158; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=1391-3; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08560.x; citation_id=CR75
citation_journal_title=Arch Dermatol; citation_title=Interstitial granulomatous reaction to strontium ranelate; citation_author=C Groves, ME McMenamin, M Casey; citation_volume=144; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=268-9; citation_doi=10.1001/archdermatol.2007.54; citation_id=CR76
citation_journal_title=J Am Acad Dermatol; citation_title=Interstitial granulomatous drug reaction caused by Chinese herbal medication; citation_author=HW Lee, WJ Yun, MW Lee; citation_volume=52; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=712-3; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2004.11.028; citation_id=CR77
citation_journal_title=J Am Acad Dermatol; citation_title=Sarcoidosis; citation_author=JC English, PJ Patel, KE Greer; citation_volume=44; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=725-43; citation_doi=10.1067/mjd.2001.114596; citation_id=CR78
citation_journal_title=Am J Clin Dermatol; citation_title=Cutaneous sarcoidosis: the “great imitator”: etiopathogenesis, morphology, differential diagnosis, and clinical management; citation_author=G Tchernev; citation_volume=7; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=375-82; citation_doi=10.2165/00128071-200607060-00006; citation_id=CR79
citation_journal_title=J Am Acad Dermatol; citation_title=Cutaneous sarcoidosis in Caucasians; citation_author=NK Veien, D Stahl, H Brodthagen; citation_volume=16; citation_issue=3Pt1; citation_publication_date=1987; citation_pages=534-40; citation_doi=10.1016/S0190-9622(87)70070-X; citation_id=CR80
citation_journal_title=Arch Dermatol; citation_title=Cutaneous involvement in sarcoidosis: relationship to systemic disease; citation_author=J Mana, J Marcoval, J Graells; citation_volume=133; citation_issue=7; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=882-8; citation_doi=10.1001/archderm.1997.03890430098013; citation_id=CR81
citation_journal_title=Respir Med; citation_title=Cutaneous involvement in sarcoidosis: analysis of the features in 170 patients; citation_author=H Yanardag, ON Pamuk, T Karayel; citation_volume=97; citation_issue=8; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=978-82; citation_doi=10.1016/S0954-6111(03)00127-6; citation_id=CR82
citation_journal_title=Q J Med; citation_title=Prognostic factors predicting the outcome of sarcoidosis: an analysis of 818 patients; citation_author=E Neville, AN Walker, DG James; citation_volume=52; citation_issue=208; citation_publication_date=1983; citation_pages=525-33; citation_id=CR83
citation_journal_title=J Am Acad Dermatol; citation_title=Subcutaneous sarcoidosis: is it a specific subset of cutaneous sarcoidosis frequently associated with systemic disease; citation_author=I Ahmed, SR Harshad; citation_volume=54; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=55-60; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2005.10.001; citation_id=CR84
citation_journal_title=Ann NY Acad Sci; citation_title=Bone sarcoidosis; citation_author=E Neville, LS Carstairs, DG James; citation_volume=278; citation_publication_date=1976; citation_pages=475-87; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb47060.x; citation_id=CR85
citation_journal_title=Clin Dermatol; citation_title=Sarcoidosis and malignancy; citation_author=PR Cohen, R Kurzrock; citation_volume=25; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2007; citation_pages=326-33; citation_doi=10.1016/j.clindermatol.2007.03.010; citation_id=CR86
citation_journal_title=Br J Cancer; citation_title=The incidence of malignant tumours in patients with respiratory sarcoidosis; citation_author=H Brincker, E Wilbek; citation_volume=29; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=1974; citation_pages=247-51; citation_doi=10.1038/bjc.1974.64; citation_id=CR87
citation_journal_title=Eur Respir J; citation_title=Sarcoidosis and cancer revisited: a long-term follow-up study of 555 Danish sarcoidosis patients; citation_author=FK Romer, P Hommelgaard, G Schou; citation_volume=12; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=906-12; citation_doi=10.1183/09031936.98.12040906; citation_id=CR88
citation_journal_title=Chest; citation_title=Linkage analysis of malignancy-associated sarcoidosis; citation_author=JM Reich, JP Mullooly, RE Johnson; citation_volume=107; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=605-13; citation_doi=10.1378/chest.107.3.605; citation_id=CR89
citation_journal_title=Am J Respir Crit Care Med; citation_title=Increased risk for cancer following sarcoidosis; citation_author=J Askling, J Grunewald, A Eklund; citation_volume=160; citation_issue=5Pt1; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=1668-72; citation_id=CR90
citation_journal_title=Br J Cancer; citation_title=Sarcoid reactions and sarcoidosis in Hodgkin’s disease and other malignant lymphomata; citation_author=H Brincker; citation_volume=26; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=1972; citation_pages=120-3; citation_doi=10.1038/bjc.1972.18; citation_id=CR91
citation_journal_title=Chest; citation_title=Sarcoidosis and malignancy; citation_author=H Brincker; citation_volume=108; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=1472-4; citation_doi=10.1378/chest.108.5.1472; citation_id=CR92
citation_journal_title=Leuk Lymphoma; citation_title=Sarcoidosis following chemotherapy for Hodgkin’s disease; citation_author=TE Merchant, DA Filippa, J Yahalom; citation_volume=13; citation_issue=3-4; citation_publication_date=1994; citation_pages=339-47; citation_doi=10.3109/10428199409056299; citation_id=CR93
citation_journal_title=Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol; citation_title=Ichthyosiform sarcoidosis following chemotherapy of Hodgkin’s disease; citation_author=M Sawhney, YK Sharma, V Gera; citation_volume=69; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=220-2; citation_id=CR94
citation_journal_title=Cancer; citation_title=Epithelioid granulomas associated with Hodgkin’s disease: clinical correlations in 55 previously untreated patients; citation_author=EL Sacks, SS Donaldson, J Gordon; citation_volume=41; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=1978; citation_pages=562-7; citation_doi=10.1002/1097-0142(197802)41:2<562::AID-CNCR2820410224>3.0.CO;2-X; citation_id=CR95
citation_journal_title=J Am Acad Dermatol; citation_title=Cutaneous Crohn’s disease in children; citation_author=T Ploysangam, JE Heubi, D Eisen; citation_volume=36; citation_issue=5Pt1; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=697-704; citation_doi=10.1016/S0190-9622(97)80320-9; citation_id=CR96
citation_journal_title=J Royal Soc Medi; citation_title=Cutaneous granulomatous vasculitis: presenting feature of Crohn’s disease; citation_author=DN Slater, PC Waller, G Reilly; citation_volume=78; citation_issue=7; citation_publication_date=1985; citation_pages=589-90; citation_id=CR97
citation_journal_title=J Cutan Pathol; citation_title=Granulomatous lymphangitis of the scrotum and penis: report of a case and review of the literature of genital swelling with sarcoidal granulomatous inflammation; citation_author=MJ Murphy, B Kogan, JA Carlson; citation_volume=28; citation_issue=8; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=419-24; citation_doi=10.1034/j.1600-0560.2001.028008419.x; citation_id=CR98
citation_journal_title=J Am Acad Dermatol; citation_title=Cutaneous manifestations of Crohn’s disease; citation_author=W Burgdorf; citation_volume=5; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=1981; citation_pages=689-95; citation_doi=10.1016/S0190-9622(81)70130-0; citation_id=CR99
citation_journal_title=Arch Dermatol; citation_title=Metastatic Crohn’s disease: case report and review of the literature; citation_author=DT Shum, L Guenther; citation_volume=126; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=1990; citation_pages=645-8; citation_doi=10.1001/archderm.1990.01670290089015; citation_id=CR100
citation_journal_title=J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol; citation_title=Metastatic Crohn’s disease: a review; citation_author=I Palamaras, J El-Jabbour, N Pietropaolo; citation_volume=22; citation_issue=9; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=1033-43; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02741.x; citation_id=CR101
citation_journal_title=Hum Pathol; citation_title=Cutaneous manifestations of Crohn’s disease, its spectrum, and its pathogenesis: intracellular consensus bacterial 16S rRNA is associated with the gastrointestinal but not the cutaneous manifestations of Crohn’s disease; citation_author=AN Crowson, GJ Nuovo, MC Mihm; citation_volume=34; citation_issue=11; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=1185-92; citation_doi=10.1016/S0046-8177(03)00428-3; citation_id=CR102
citation_journal_title=Clin Exp Dermatol; citation_title=Penile and scrotal swelling in a child; citation_author=SR Hoque, P Mortimer, S Cliff; citation_volume=30; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=727-8; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1365-2230.2005.01907.x; citation_id=CR103
citation_journal_title=J Clin Pathol; citation_title=Relation of granulomas to lymphatic vessels in Crohn’s disease; citation_author=EE Mooney, J Walker, DO Hourihane; citation_volume=48; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=335-8; citation_doi=10.1136/jcp.48.4.335; citation_id=CR104
citation_journal_title=Urology; citation_title=Crohn disease of penile and scrotal skin; citation_author=AG Cockburn, J Krolikowski, K Balogh; citation_volume=15; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=1980; citation_pages=596-8; citation_doi=10.1016/0090-4295(80)90376-3; citation_id=CR105
citation_journal_title=Dis Colon Rectum; citation_title=Metastatic Crohn’s disease: case report of an unusual variant and review of the literature; citation_author=GD Guest, RL Fink; citation_volume=43; citation_issue=12; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=1764-6; citation_doi=10.1007/BF02236866; citation_id=CR106
citation_journal_title=J Clin Gastroenterol; citation_title=Does intestinal resection heal the pyoderma gangrenosum of inflammatory bowel disease; citation_author=AL Talansky, S Meyers, AJ Greenstein; citation_volume=5; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=1983; citation_pages=207-10; citation_doi=10.1097/00004836-198306000-00002; citation_id=CR107