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Tốc độ chuyển hóa nitơ trong đất ng Himalaya ở các điều kiện nhiệt độ và độ cao khác nhau
Tóm tắt
Mênh mông các hệ sinh thái nhạy cảm với khí hậu, như rừng núi nhiệt đới, vẫn chưa được nghiên cứu về các yếu tố điều khiển sự sẵn có của nitơ (N) và do đó là năng suất. Nhiệt độ và độ cao là hai yếu tố quan trọng, nhưng chưa được nghiên cứu nhiều, quyết định số phận của N trong các hệ sinh thái núi. Do đó, nghiên cứu hiện tại nhằm định lượng và hiểu các thay đổi trong tốc độ của các quá trình chuyển hóa N trong đất rừng núi nhiệt đới của dãy Himalaya dưới các điều kiện nhiệt độ-độ cao khác nhau. Kỹ thuật loãng đồng vị 15N đã được áp dụng để định lượng tốc độ chuyển hóa N thô trong các mẫu đất được thu thập ở hai khoảng độ sâu (0–20 cm và 20–40 cm) từ năm độ cao (3000 m, 2500 m, 2000 m, 1500 m và 1000 m so với mực nước biển) của dãy Himalaya Garhwal. Các tốc độ được đo ở điều kiện nhiệt độ thấp (10 °C) và nhiệt độ cao (23 °C) để phân tích tác động của sự thay đổi nhiệt độ lên chu trình N trong đất núi. Kết quả cho thấy có sự gia tăng đáng kể trong tốc độ khoáng hóa N thô dưới điều kiện nhiệt độ cao so với nhiệt độ thấp. Thú vị thay, tốc độ nitrat hóa thô không bị ảnh hưởng bởi sự thay đổi nhiệt độ. Sự tăng trưởng trong khoáng hóa N thô ở điều kiện nhiệt độ cao đi kèm với việc tiêu thụ amoni (NH4+), chủ yếu ở dạng giữ lại NH4+. Nói chung, tốc độ chuyển hóa N thô trong lớp đất mặt có phản ứng mạnh hơn với sự thay đổi về nhiệt độ và độ cao so với lớp đất dưới. Sự gia tăng trong tốc độ khoáng hóa N và các quá trình chu trình N khác trong đất ở nhiệt độ cao cho thấy khả năng tăng tốc độ chu trình N do hiện tượng nóng lên của đất Himalaya. Sự tăng cường giữ lại NH4+ và sự nhạy cảm kém của nitrat hóa với nhiệt độ có khả năng làm tăng bảo tồn N trong đất ở nhiệt độ cao. Sự biến đổi không nhất quán trong tốc độ chuyển hóa N với độ cao cho thấy sự kiểm soát cao hơn của các yếu tố edaphic lên chu trình N trong đất ở một độ cao nhất định.
Từ khóa
#chuyển hóa nitơ #hệ sinh thái núi #Himalaya #khoáng hóa #nitrat hóa #nhiệt độ #độ caoTài liệu tham khảo
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