Hạn chế nitơ trên cạn và dưới nước: Làm thế nào điều này có thể xảy ra?

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 13 - Trang 87-115 - 1991
Peter M. Vitousek1, Robert W. Howarth2
1Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
2Section of Ecology and Systematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA

Tóm tắt

Sự xuất hiện rộng rãi của việc hạn chế nitơ đối với sản xuất sơ cấp ròng trong các hệ sinh thái trên cạn và dưới nước là một điều gây bối rối; dường như các sinh vật cố định nitơ nên có lợi thế cạnh tranh đáng kể ở bất kỳ nơi nào có hạn chế nitơ, và hoạt động của chúng lại nên đảo ngược tình trạng hạn chế này. Tuy nhiên, có bằng chứng đáng kể cho thấy nitơ hạn chế sản xuất sơ cấp ròng phần lớn thời gian ở hầu hết các kiểu sinh thái trên cạn và nhiều hệ sinh thái dưới nước. Chúng tôi xem xét cả cách mà địa hóa sinh học của chu trình nitơ có thể gây ra tình trạng hạn chế phát triển và cách mà việc hạn chế nitơ có thể tồn tại như một hệ quả của các quá trình ngăn chặn hoặc giảm thiểu việc cố định nitơ. Các cơ chế địa hóa sinh học có thể thúc đẩy việc hạn chế nitơ bao gồm: Một số cơ chế có thể giữ cho việc cố định nitơ không đảo ngược tình trạng hạn chế nitơ. Các cơ chế này bao gồm: Tầm quan trọng khả thi của những quá trình này và các quá trình khác cũng được thảo luận cho một phạm vi rộng các hệ sinh thái trên cạn, nước ngọt và nước mặn.

Từ khóa

#Hạn chế nitơ #sản xuất sơ cấp ròng #sinh thái #chu trình nitơ #sinh vật cố định nitơ

Tài liệu tham khảo

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