Nitrogen fertilizer timing and application method affect weed growth and competition with spring wheat

Weed Science - Tập 52 Số 4 - Trang 614-622 - 2004
Robert E. Blackshaw, L. Molnár1, H. H. Janzen1
1Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, P.O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada

Tóm tắt

Managing crop fertilization may be an important component of integrated weed management systems that protect crop yield and reduce weed populations over time. A field study was conducted to determine the effects of various timings and application methods of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on weed growth and spring wheat yield. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied the previous fall (October) or at planting (May) at a dose of 50 kg ha−1. Nitrogen application treatments consisted of granular ammonium nitrate applied broadcast on the soil surface, banded 10 cm deep between every crop row, banded 10 cm deep between every second crop row, or point-injected liquid ammonium nitrate placed between every second crop row at 20-cm intervals and 10 cm deep. Treatments were applied in 4 consecutive yr to determine annual and cumulative effects over years. Density and biomass of wild oat, green foxtail, wild mustard, and common lambsquarters were sometimes lower with spring- than with fall-applied N. Spring wheat yield was never lower and was higher in 50% of the cases, when N was spring rather than fall applied. Nitrogen application method generally had larger and more consistent effects than application timing on weed growth and wheat yield. Shoot N concentration and biomass of weeds were often lower with subsurface banded or point-injected N than with surface broadcast N, and concurrent increases in spring wheat yield usually occurred with these N placement treatments. Depending on the weed species, the weed seedbank at the conclusion of the 4-yr study was reduced by 25 to 63% with point-injected compared with broadcast N. Information gained in this study will contribute to the development of more integrated and cost-effective weed management programs in wheat.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1614/0890-037X(2000)014[0389:UOWSRT]2.0.CO;2

10.1046/j.1365-3180.2002.00303.x

Mesbah, 1999, Fertilizer placement affects jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) competition in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), Weed Technol, 13, 374, 10.1017/S0890037X00041889

Kirkland, 1998, Contribution of nitrogen fertilizer placement to weed management in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum), Weed Technol, 12, 507, 10.1017/S0890037X00044225

10.2134/jpa1993.0586

10.4141/cjss90-021

10.1046/j.1365-3180.1998.00116.x

Ervio, 1987, Changes in the weed population of spring cereals in Finland, Ann. Agric. Fenn, 26, 201

Rasmussen, 1996, Effects of fertilizer placement on weeds in weed harrowed spring barley, Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. B Soil Plant Sci, 45, 1

10.2134/agronj1984.00021962007600050011x

10.1080/00221589.1992.11516236

Liebman M. , Mohler C. L. , and Staver C. P. 2001. Ecological Management of Agricultural Weeds. Cambridge, Great Britain: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 139–209, 269–321.

1999, SAS/STAT User's Guide. Version 8, 3884

10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0532:DROWST]2.0.CO;2

Morales-Payan, 1998, Interference of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) population densities on bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) yield as influenced by nitrogen, Weed Technol, 12, 230, 10.1017/S0890037X00043736

10.1071/EA9840421

10.2307/2260637

10.1071/EA9920071

10.2134/agronj1999.00021962009100030001x

10.1080/00103629509369347

10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0077:IONOCB]2.0.CO;2

10.1111/j.1365-3180.1996.tb01813.x

10.1016/0167-1987(90)90119-X

10.1080/00221589.1973.11514506

10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0634:FAMANU]2.0.CO;2

10.2134/agronj1986.00021962007800060030x

10.2134/agronj1996.00021962008800030001x

10.1111/j.1365-3180.1996.tb01675.x

10.4141/P99-132

Steel, 1980, Principles and Procedures of Statistics, 173

10.1111/j.1365-3180.1989.tb00908.x

Di Tomaso, 1995, Approaches for improving crop competitiveness through the manipulation of fertilization strategies, Weed Sci, 43, 491, 10.1017/S0043174500081522

10.2136/sssaj1989.03615995005300060044x

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Weed Science

Tập 52 Số 4

614-622

Thông tin tác giả