Nitrogen Content in Soil and Yield of Winter Wheat under Different Basic Tillage Methods of Typical Chernozem with the Use of Biologization Methods
Tóm tắt
The purpose of the research is to study the effect of basic tillage techniques, using biologization and mineral fertilizers, on the content of mineral nitrogen in typical chernozem and on the yield of winter wheat. The work was performed in 2020–2021 in the Chechen Republic on typical medium-thick chernozem with 3.6% of humus in the plow layer (according to Tyurin), 15 and 300 mg/kg of mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Machigin), respectively, and a neutral medium reaction (pHKCl = 7.1). Winter wheat (the Bezostaya 100 variety) was introduced into the grain-tillage crop rotation, which included winter wheat–wintering peas–spring oats–corn for grain. The scheme of experiment one included studying the following factors: green manure (factor A), variants with and without its application and basic tillage (factor B) with variants of plowing to a depth of 25–30 cm, disking to a depth of 10–15 cm, and chiseling to a depth of 30–40 cm. The scheme of experiment two included studying the following factors: basic tillage (factor A) with plowing to a depth of 25–30 cm, disking to a depth of 10–15 cm, and chiseling to a depth of 30–40 cm and fertilizers and biological preparation (factor B) with the variants without fertilizers, N100P60K60, biological preparation V417, and N100P60K60 + biological preparation V417. In 2021, the mean yield of 4.56 t/ha was obtained by disking, while the content of nitrate nitrogen in the plow soil layer at the beginning and end of the growing season was 7 and 17 mg/kg, respectively. The increase in the yield relative to the variant without fertilizers was 1.07 t/ha, and the excess of nitrate nitrogen at the beginning and end of the growing season was 2 and 4 mg/kg, respectively. In 2020, the highest yield of winter wheat of 5.43 t/ha was also obtained by disking in the variant with the use of the biological preparation V417, and there was an increased content of nitrate nitrogen in the plow soil layer (20 and 28 mg/kg) at the beginning and end of the growing season, respectively.
Tài liệu tham khảo
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