Nitrite production by ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria mediates chloramine decay and resistance in a mixed‐species community

Microbial Biotechnology - Tập 13 Số 6 - Trang 1847-1859 - 2020
Pejhman Keshvardoust1,2, Vanessa A. A. Huron1,2, Matthew Clemson2, Nicolas Barraud3, Stuart A. Rice4,5,6
1The Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
2The School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
3Genetics of Biofilms Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
4Environmental Sciences The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
5The Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering and the School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore
6ithree Institute University of Technology Sydney Sydney NSW Australia

Tóm tắt

SummaryAs water distribution centres increasingly switch to using chloramine to disinfect drinking water, it is of paramount importance to determine the interactions of chloramine with potential biological contaminants, such as bacterial biofilms, that are found in these systems. For example, ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are known to accelerate the decay of chloramine in drinking water systems, but it is also known that organic compounds can increase the chloramine demand. This study expanded upon our previously published model to compare the decay of chloramine in response to alginate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Nitrosomonas europaea and a mixed‐species nitrifying culture, exploring the contributions of microbial by‐products, heterotrophic bacteria and AOBs to chloramine decay. Furthermore, the contribution of AOBs to biofilm stability during chloramination was investigated. The results demonstrate that the biofilm matrix or extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), represented by alginate in these experiments, as well as high concentrations of dead or inactive cells, can drive chloramine decay rather than any specific biochemical activity of P. aeruginosa cells. Alginate was shown to reduce chloramine concentrations in a dose‐dependent manner at an average rate of 0.003 mg l−1 h−1 per mg l−1 of alginate. Additionally, metabolically active AOBs mediated the decay of chloramine, which protected members of mixed‐species biofilms from chloramine‐mediated disinfection. Under these conditions, nitrite produced by AOBs directly reacted with chloramine to drive its decay. In contrast, biofilms of mixed‐species communities that were dominated by heterotrophic bacteria due to either the absence of ammonia, or the addition of nitrification inhibitors and glucose, were highly sensitive to chloramine. These results suggest that mixed‐species biofilms are protected by a combination of biofilm matrix‐mediated inactivation of chloramine as well as the conversion of ammonia to nitrite through the activity of AOBs present in the community.

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Microbial Biotechnology

Tập 13 Số 6

1847-1859

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