Nineteenth century African-American and white US statures: the primary sources of vitamin D and their relationship with height
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Barondess D. A., Nelson D. A., Schlaen S. (1997) Whole body bone, fat and lean mass in black and white men. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 12(6): 967–971
Bodenhorn H. (1999) A troublesome caste: Height and nutrition of antebellum Virginia’s rural free blacks. Journal of Economic History 59(4): 972–996
Bodenhorn H. (2002) The mulatto advantage: The biological consequences of complexion in rural Antebellum Virginia. Journal of Interdisciplinary History 33(1): 21–46
Bogin B. (1991) Measurement of growth variability and environmental quality in Guatemalan children. Annals of Human Biology 18(4): 285–294
Carson S. A. (2008a) The effect of geography and vitamin D on African-American stature in the nineteenth century: Evidence from prison records. Journal of Economic History 68(3): 812–831
Carson S. A. (2008b) Health during industrialization: Evidence from the nineteenth-century Pennsylvania state prison system. Social Science History Association 32(3): 347–372
Carson S. A. (2009) Geography, insolation, and vitamin D in 19th century US African-American and white statures. Explorations in Economic History 46(1): 149–159
Case A., Paxson C. (2008) Height, health, and cognitive function at older ages. American Economic Review 98(3): 463–467
Chaplin G. (2004) Geographic distribution of environmental factors influencing human skin coloration. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 125(3): 292–302
Costa D. (1993) Height, wealth and disease among the native-born in the rural antebellum north. Social Science History Association 17(3): 355–383
Craig L. A., Goodwin B., Grennes T. (2004) The effect of mechanical refrigeration on nutrition in the US. Social Science History Association 28(2): 325–336
Deaton A. (2008) Height, health, and inequality: The distribution of adult heights in India. American Economic Review 98(2): 468–474
Eveleth P. B., Tanner J. M. (1976) Worldwide variation in human growth (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Fogel R. W. (1994) Economic growth, population theory and physiology: The bearing of long-term processes on the making of economic policy. American Economic Review 84(3): 369–395
Fogel R. W., Engerman S. L., Trussell J., Floud R., Pope C., Wimmer L. (1978) Economics. of mortality in North America, 1650–1910: A description of a research project. Historical Methods 11(2): 75–108
Friedman L. M. (1993) Crime and punishment in American history. Basic Books, NY, New York
Garland C. F., Garland F., Gorhom E., Lipkin M., Newmark H., Mohr S., Holick M. (2006) The role of vitamin D in cancer prevention. American Journal of Public Health 96(2): 252–261
Ginsburg E., Livshits G., Yakovenko K., Kobyliansky E. (1998) Major gene control of human body height, weight and BMI in five ethnically different populations. Annals of Human Genetics 62(4): 307–322
Godoy R. E., Goodman R., Levins R., Leonard W. R. (2005) Anthropometric variability in the USA. Annals of Human Biology 32(4): 469–485
Grant W. (2003) Ecological studies of solar UV-B radiation and cancer mortality rates. Resent Results in Cancer Research 164: 371–377
Holick M. F. (1995) Environmental factors that influence the cutaneous production of vitamin D. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61(suppl): 638S–645S
Holick M. F. (2004) Vitamin D: Importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease and osteoporosis. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3): 362–371
Holick, M. (2007b). The vitamin D pandemic and its health consequences. In 34th European symposium on calcified tissues, 5–9 May, 2007. Accessed 17th July 2009. http://www.uvadvantage.org/portals/0/pres/ .
Holick M. F., MacLaughlin A., Doppelt S. H. (1981) Regulation of cutaneous previtamin D 3 photosynthesis in men: Skin pigment is not an essential regulator. Science 211(4482): 590–593
Islam T., Gauderman W. J., Cozen W., Mack T. (2007) Childhood sun exposure influences rick of multiple sclerosis in monozygotic twins. Neurology 69: 381–388
Jablonski N. (2006) Skin: A natural history. University of California Press, Berkeley
Kaidbey K., Poh Agin P., Sayre R., Cligman A. (1979) Photoprotection of melanin: A comparison of black and Caucasian skin. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 1(3): 249–260
Kiple K., Kiple V. (1977) Slave child mortality: Some nutritional answers to a perennial puzzle. Journal of Social History 10(3): 284–309
Komlos J. (1992) Toward an anthropometric history of African-Americans: The case of the free blacks in antebellum Maryland. In: Goldin C., Rockoff H. (eds) Strategic factors in nineteenth century American economic history: A volume to honor Robert W. Fogel. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 297–329
Komlos J., Coclanis P. (1997) On the puzzling cycle in the biological standard of living: The case of antebellum Georgia. Explorations in Economic History 34(4): 433–459
Komlos J., Baten J. (2004) Anthropometric research and the development of social science history. Social Science History Association 28(2): 191–210
Komlos J., Baur M. (2004) From tallest to (one of) the fattest: The enigmatic fate of American population in the 20th century. Economics and Human Biology 2(1): 57–74
Ladurie L. E. (1979) The conscripts of 1968: A study of the correlation between geographical mobility, delinquency and physical stature and other aspects of the situation of the young Frenchman called to do military service that year. In: Reynolds B., Reynolds S. (eds) The territory of the historian. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 33–60
Liu Y. Z., Shen F. H., Deng H., Liu Y. J., Zhao L. J., Dvornyk V., Conway T., Li J. L., Huang Q. Y., Davies K. M., Recker R. R., Deng H. W. (2003) Confirmation linkage study in support of the X chromosome Harbouring a ATL underlying human height variation. Journal of Medical Genetics 40: 825–831
Loomis W.F. (1967) Skin-pigment regulation of vitamin-D biosynthesis in man: Variation in solar ultraviolet at different latitudes may have caused racial differentiation in May. Science 157: 501–506
Lynch J., Kaplan G. (1997) Understanding how inequality in the distribution of income affects human health. Journal of Health Psychology 2: 297–314
Margo R., Steckel R. (1982) Heights of American slaves: New evidence on nutrition and health. Social Science History Association 6(4): 516–538
Margo R., Steckel R. (1983) Heights of native born Northern whites during the antebellum era. Journal of Economic History 43(1): 167–174
Margo R., Steckel R. (1992) The nutrition and health of slaves and antebellum Southern whites. In: Fogel R. W., Engerman S. L. (eds) Without consent or contract: Conditions of slave life and the transition to freedom. W. W. Norton, New York, pp 508–521
Mawer E. B., Davies M. (2001) Vitamin D nutrition and bone disease in adults. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 2(2): 153
Nelson D., Kleerekoper M., Peterson E., Parfitt A. M. (1993) Skin color and body size as risk factors for osteoporosis. Osteoporosis International 3(1): 18–23
Nesby-O’Dell S., Scanlon K., Cogswell M., Gillesie C., Hollis B., Looker A., Allen C., Doughertly C., Gunter E., Bowman B. (2002) Hypovitaminosis D prevalence and determinants among African-American and white woman of reproductive age: Third national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988–1994. American Journal Clinical Nutrition 76(1): 187–192
Norman A. (1998) Sunlight, season, skin pigmentation, vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvatamin D: Integral components of the vitamin D endocrine system. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 67: 1108–1110
Parra E. J., Kittles R. A., Shriver M. D. (2004) Implications of correlations between skin color and genetic ancestry for biomedical research. Nature Genetics 36(11 Suppl): S54–60
Relethford J. H. (1997) Hemispheric difference in human skin color. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 104(4): 449–457
Shriver M. D., Parra E. J., Dios S., Bonilla C., Norton H. L., Jovel C., Pfaff C., Jones C., Massac A., Cameron N. (2003) Skin pigmentation, biogeographical ancestry and admixture mapping. Human Genetics 112(4): 1–14
Steckel R. (1979) Slave height profiles from coastwise manifests. Explorations in Economic History 16(4): 363–380
Steckel R. (1992) Work, disease and diet in the health and mortality of American slaves. In: Fogel R. F., Engerman S. L. (eds) Without consent or contract: Conditions of slave life and the transition to freedom, technical papers (Vol. 2). W.W. Norton, New York
Steckel R. (1994) Heights and health in the United States. In: Komlos J. (ed.) Stature, living standards and economic development. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 153–170
Steckel R. (1995) Stature and the standard of living. Journal of Economic Literature 33(4): 1903–1940
Sunder M. (2004) The height of Tennessee convicts: Another pieces of the antebellum puzzle. Economics and Human Biology 2(1): 75–86
Tanner J. M. (1977) Hormonal, genetic and environmental factors controlling growth. In: Harrison G. A., Weiner J. S., Tanner J. M., Barnicot N. A. (eds) Human biology: An introduction to human evolution, variation, growth and ecology (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 335–351
Tortolani J., McCarthy E., Sponseller P. (2002) Bone mineral density deficiency in children. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons 10(1): 57–66
Utterlinden A., Fang Y., van Meurs J. B. J., Pols H. A. P., van Leeuwen J. P. T. M. (2004) Genetic and biology of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms. Gene 338(2): 143–156
Wahl J. B. (1996) The jurisprudence of American slave sales. Journal of Economic History 56(1): 143–169
Wahl J. B. (1997) Legal constraints on slave masters: The problem of social cost. The American Journal of Legal History 41(1): 1–24
Wardlaw G. M., Hampl J. S., Disilestro R. A. (2004) Perspectives in nutrition (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 394–397
Weisberg P., Scanlon K. L. R., Cogswell M. E. (2004) Nutritional rickets among children in the United States: Review of cases reported between 1986 and 2003. American Journal of Nutrition 80(6 suppl): 1697S–1705S