Nimodipine

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 2 - Trang 262-286 - 2012
Alison N. Wadworth1, Donna McTavish1
1Adis International Limited, Mairangi Bay, Auckland 10, New Zealand

Tóm tắt

Nimodipine là một chất đối kháng canxi thuộc nhóm dihydropyridine có khả năng giãn mạch máu não và tăng cường lưu lượng máu não ở động vật và con người. Những phát hiện sơ bộ cho thấy lợi ích tiềm năng của nó trong điều trị nhiều rối loạn mạch máu não, đặc biệt là trong việc phòng ngừa và điều trị các thiếu hụt thần kinh do thiếu máu cục bộ muộn do co thắt mạch não ở bệnh nhân bị xuất huyết dưới nhện. Các nghiên cứu liên quan đến bệnh nhân từ 79 tuổi trở xuống đã xác nhận những phát hiện sơ bộ này bằng cách chỉ ra rằng nimodipine làm giảm tỷ lệ thiếu hụt nghiêm trọng sau xuất huyết dưới nhện. Các kết quả ban đầu từ các nghiên cứu về bệnh nhân có đột quỵ thiếu máu cục bộ cấp tính cho thấy nimodipine, được khởi đầu trong vòng 72 giờ kể từ khi khởi phát bệnh, đã cải thiện khả năng hồi phục, đặc biệt là ở những bệnh nhân trên 65 tuổi. Tuy nhiên, một số nhà nghiên cứu khác đã không thấy sự khác biệt đáng kể về tỷ lệ tử vong hoặc bệnh tật trong 6 tháng ở bệnh nhân đột quỵ từ 97 tuổi trở xuống. Các nghiên cứu khác cho thấy nimodipine có thể cải thiện các triệu chứng rối loạn nhận thức ở bệnh nhân cao tuổi. Nimodipine được dung nạp tốt cả ở bệnh nhân trẻ và già. Sự kiện bất lợi thường ghi nhận nhất là huyết áp thấp. Do đó, liệu pháp nimodipine mang lại những lợi ích quan trọng trong việc quản lý bệnh nhân bị xuất huyết dưới nhện và có tiềm năng trong các rối loạn não khác, bao gồm đột quỵ và rối loạn chức năng nhận thức, mặc dù cần xác nhận các kết quả ban đầu trên bệnh nhân bị suy giảm chức năng não.

Từ khóa

#Nimodipine #chất đối kháng canxi #rối loạn mạch não #xuất huyết dưới nhện #đột quỵ #rối loạn chức năng nhận thức.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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