New considerations in brachial plexus anesthesia

De Jong, 1961, Axillary block of the brachial plexus, Anesthesiology, 22, 215, 10.1097/00000542-196103000-00010 Lanz, 1983, The extent of blockade following various techniques of brachial plexus block, Anesth Analg, 62, 55, 10.1213/00000539-198301000-00009 Winnie, 1990 Winnie, 1979, Factors influencing the distribution of local anesthelics in the brachial plexus sheath, Anesth Analg, 58, 225, 10.1213/00000539-197905000-00012 Bouaziz, 1997, Comparison between conventional axillary block and a new approach at the midhumeral level, Anesth Analg, 84, 1058, 10.1213/00000539-199705000-00019 Urmey, 1996, Digital pressure during interscalene block is clinically ineffective in preventing anesthetic spread to the cervical plexus, Anesth Analg, 83, 366, 10.1213/00000539-199608000-00028 Partridge, 1987, Functional anatomy of the brachial plexus sheath: implications for anesthesia, Anesthesiology, 66, 743, 10.1097/00000542-198706000-00006 Cockings, 1987, Transarterial brachial plexus blockade using high doses of 1.5% mepivacaine, Reg Anesth, 12, 159 Hickey, 1990, Transarterial techniques are not effective for subclavian perivascular block, Reg Anesth, 15, 245 Ford, 1984, Comparison of insulated and uninsulated needles for locating peripheral nerves with a peripheral nerve stimulator, Anesth Analg, 63, 925, 10.1213/00000539-198410000-00010 Winnie, 1970, Interscalene brachial plexus block, Anesth Analg, 49, 455, 10.1213/00000539-197005000-00029 Sharrock, 1976, An improved technique for locating the interscalene groove, Anesthesiology, 44, 431, 10.1097/00000542-197605000-00016 Loring, 1985, Actions of the respiratory muscles, 341 Winnie, 1969, An “immobile needle” for nerve blocks, Anesthesiology, 31, 577, 10.1097/00000542-196912000-00013 Selander, 1979, Paresthesia or no paresthesia? Nerve lesions after axillary blocks, Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 23, 27, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1979.tb01417.x Urmey, 1993, Combined axillary-interscalene (axis) brachial plexus block for elbow surgery, Reg Anesth, 18, 88 Urmey, 1992, Hemidiaphragmatic paresis during interscalene brachial plexus block: Effects on pulmonary function and chest wall mechanics, Anesth Analg, 74, 352, 10.1213/00000539-199203000-00006 Urmey, 1991, One hundred percent incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paresis associated with interscalene brachial plexus anesthesia as diagnosed by ultrasonography, Anesth Analg, 72, 498, 10.1213/00000539-199104000-00014 Urmey, 1993, Pulmonary function changes during interscalene block: effects of decreasing local anesthetic injection volume, Reg Anesth, 18, 244 Roch, 1992, Interscalene brachial plexus block for shoulder surgery: A proximal paresthesia is effective. Anesth, Analg, 75, 386, 10.1213/00000539-199209000-00012 Finucane, 1989, Safety of supplementing axillary brachial plexus blocks, Anesthesiology, 70, 401, 10.1097/00000542-198903000-00005 Pere, 1991, Cumulation of bupivacaine, desbutlybupivacaine and 4-hydroxybupivacaine during and after continuous interscalene brachial plexus block, Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 35, 647, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1991.tb03365.x Pihlajamaki, 1991, Inverse correlation between the peak venous serum concentration of bupivacaine and the weight of the patient during interscalene brachial plexus block, Br J Anaesth, 67, 621, 10.1093/bja/67.5.621 Finucane, 1989, Safety of supplementing axillary brachial plexus blocks, Anesthesiology, 70, 401, 10.1097/00000542-198903000-00005 Urmey, 1994, Interscalene block: Effects of dose, volume, and mepivacaine concentration on anesthesia and plasma levels, Reg Anesth, 19, 34 Munson, 1970, Local anesthetic drug-induced seizures in Rhesus monkeys, Anesth Analg, 49, 986, 10.1213/00000539-197011000-00030 Seltzer, 1977, Hoarseness and Horner's syndrome after interscalene brachial plexus block, Anesth Analg, 56, 585, 10.1213/00000539-197707000-00033 Thiagarajah, 1984, Bronchospasm following interscalene brachial plexus block, Anesthesiology, 61, 759, 10.1097/00000542-198412000-00020 Lim, 1979, Interscalene brachial plexus block in the asthmatic patient, Anaesthesia, 34, 370, 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1979.tb04948.x Pere, 1992, Effect of continuous interscalene brachial plexus block on diaphragm motion and on ventilatory function, Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 36, 53, 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1992.tb03421.x Dhumer, 1955, Paresis of the phrenic nerve during brachial plexus block analgesia and its importance, Acta Chir Scand, 109, 53 Knoblanche, 1979, The incidence and aetiology of phrenic nerve blockade associated with supraclavicular brachial plexus block, Anaesth Intensive Care, 7, 346, 10.1177/0310057X7900700406 Shaw, 1949, Paralysis of the phrenic nerve during brachial plexus anesthesia, Anesthesiology, 10, 627, 10.1097/00000542-194909000-00015 Pere, 1993, The effect of continuous interscalene brachial plexus block with 0.125% bupivacaine plus fentanyl on diaphragmatic motility and ventilatory function, Reg Anesth, 18, 93