New Trends in Reforming Technologies: from Hydrogen Industrial Plants to Multifuel Microreformers
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Houghton J. T., 1996, Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change
Mantzos, L., Capros, P., Kouvaritakis, N. and Zeka‐Paschou, M. 2003.European Energy and Transport Trends to 203022Luxembourg: Directorate‐General for Energy and Transport. European Commision. European Communities.
2003, Hydrogen from Natural Gas and Coal: The Road to a Sustainable Energy Future. Hydrogen program plan. Office of Fossil Energy
Choy J., 1998, The Kyoto Protocol and Japan's Energy Policies
Market development of alternative fuels. December 2003. December, Report of the Alternative Fuels Contact Group.
Lasher, S. and Unnasch, S.Hydrogen Infrastructure: Energy, Costs and Transition244–247. San Antonio, USA Proceedings of the Fuel Cell Seminar 2004
Yang Y., 2005, Progress in Chemistry, 17, 631
Steinfeld, A. Solar thermochemical production of hydrogen. 2005 AIChE Spring National Meeting. Conference Proceedings, pp.1617Drayton Valley, Alberta
Kodama T., 2004, Nihon Enerugi Gakkaishi/Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, 83, 995
Herring, J. S., O'Brien, J. E., Stoots, C. M. and Lessing, P. A. “Hydrogen production from nuclear energy via high‐temperature electrolysis”. 2122–2131. Proceedings of the 2004 International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants, ICAPP'04
Elnashaie S. S.E.H., 1988, J. Eng. Sci., 14, 247
Rostrup‐Nielsen J. R., 2005, Catal. Today
Teuner S. C., 2001, Oil Gas European Magazine, 3, 44
Tang S.‐B., 1997, Fuel and Energy Abstracts, 38, 87
2003, Systèmes Solaires, 157, 45
Ormerod M., 2001, Green Chemistry, G61
Spath, P. L. and Mann, M. K. 2001. “Life cycle assessment of hydrogen production via natural gas steam reforming”. Technical report NREL/TP‐570‐27637. National Renewable Energy Laboratory: Golden, CO, USA, 1–24
Spath, P. L. and Mann, M. K. 2004. “Life cycle assessment of renewable hydrogen production via wind/electrolysis”. Milestone completion report. NREL/MP‐560‐35404
Mintz, M. 2003. “DOE's hydrogen production and delivery infrastructure program”. The Transition to Alternative Fuels: What that means for transportation, homes, businesses and communities. Argonne National Laboratory. UC Irvine Center for Urban Infrastructure
Neumann P., 2003, Processing Inform, 14, 313
Odgen, J. 1995. “Hydrogen energy systems studies”. Final draft report. US Department of Energy. DOE No. XR‐11265‐2
Dybkjær I., 2004, Hydrocarbon Eng., 9, 23
Neumann P., 2003, MPT International, 2, 72
“RC‐239 Merchant hydrogen utilization and on‐site distributed generation. November 2003”. Business Communications Company, Inc. www.bccresearch.com/editors/RC‐239.html(accessed December 2003)
Gielen, D. 2003. “Uncertaintities in relation to CO2capture and sequestration. Preliminary results”. IEA‐ETT working paper. Report ETT/2003/01
Donnet J. B., 1976, Carbon Black, 16
Hydrogen coordination group, Office of Fossil Energy‐Hydrogen Program Plan, U.S. Department of Energy. “Hydrogen from Natural Gas and Coal: The Road to a Sustainable Energy Future”. 1–51. June 2003,http://www.fe.doe.gov/programs/fuels/hydrogen/programplans/2003/fehydrogenplan2003.pdf
Fishtik, I., Alexander, A. and Datta, R. Hydrous ethanol reforming for fuel cell applications: catalysis, thermodynamics, mechanism, and kinetics. Paper #A‐035, 16th Meeting of the North American Catalysis Society. May30, Boston, MA.
Milne, T. A., Elamand, C. C. and Evans, E. R. 2001. “Hydrogen from biomass. State of the art and research challenges”. 1–78. International Energy Agency. Report IEA/H2/TR‐02/001
2004.Fuel Cells BullVol. 5, 3
Benito, M., Sanz, J., Isabel, R., Padilla, R., Brey, J. and Daza, L. Hydrogen production by bio‐ethanol steam reforming to be applied in a PEMFC. Proceedings of 2003 Fuel Cell Seminar. Miami Beach, USA.
Benito, M., Sanz, J., Isabel, R., Padilla, R., Ronda, F. and Daza, L. Bio‐ethanol processing: a clean way to hydrogen production. Proceedings of 2004 Fuel Cell Seminar. San Antonio, TX.
Row, J., Raynolds, M. and Woloshyniuk, G. Life‐cycle value assessment (LCVA) of fuel supply options for fuel cell vehicles in Canada. pp.1–167. Calgary, AB, Canada: Pembina Institute.
The Pembina Institute and the David Suzuki Foundation. Climate‐Friendly Hydrogen Fuel: A Comparison of the Life‐cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Selected Fuel Cell Vehicle Hydrogen Production Systems. March. Drayton Valley, Alberta
Abele, A. R. Advanced hydrogen fuel systems for fuel cell vehicles. 2002 Fuel Cell Seminar. Palm Springs, California, USA
2004, Fuel Cells Bull., 6, 9
Daggett, D., Freech, J., Balam, C. and Birmingham, D. Fuel cell APU for comercial aircrafts. Proceedings of 2003 Fuel Cell Seminar. Miami Beach, FL, USA.
Amos, W. A. Cost of storing and transporting hydrogen. pp.1–52. Golden (CO), USA: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Technical report NREL/TP‐570‐25106
Simbeck, D. R. and Chang, E. Hydrogen supply: cost estimate for hydrogen pathways—scoping analysis. pp.1–7. Golden, Colorado, USA: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Subcontractor report. NREL/SR‐540‐32525
Odgen, J. M. Review on small stationary reformers for hydrogen production. pp.1–49. International Energy Agency. Report IEA/H2/TR‐02/002
Dybkjær I., 2005, Hydrocarbon Processing, 84
Dybkjær I., 2000, Petrol. Technol. Q., 5, 93
Rostrup‐Nielsen J., 1992, Chemical Reactor Technology for Environmentally Safe Reactor and Products, 225, 249, 10.1007/978-94-011-2747-9_10
Maziasz, P. J., Swindeman, R. W. and Smith, G. D. Development of advanced corrosion‐resistant Fe‐Cr‐Ni austenitic stainless steel alloy with improved high temperatre strength and creep‐resistance. Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Special Metals Corporation—Huntington Alloys. CRADA Final Report No. C/ORNL 98‐0529
Rostrup Nielsen T., 2002, Hydrocarbon Eng., 7, 51
Farnell, P. W. 2003. “Synetix's Advanced Gas Heated Reformer. Johnson Matthey Group”. 668W/119/0/REF.www.synetix.com
Rostrup‐Nielsen J. R., 1983, Catalysis, Science and Technology, 5, 1
Saterfield, C. N. 1991.Heterogeneous Catalysis in Industrial Practice27New York: McGraw‐ Hill.
Farrauto R. J., 1997, Fundamentals of Industrial Catalytic Processes, 341
Forman, C. 2001. “C‐200R Petrochemical (Petroleum and Chemical) Catalysts”. Business Communications Company, Inc.
Cromarty, B. Effective steam reforming of mixed and heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks for production of hydrogen. NPRA Annual Meeting. March, San Francisco. pp.1–16. http://www.synetix.com/hydrogen/pdfs/501w.pdf(accessed Jan. 2004)
Christensen T. S., 1994, Hydrocarb. Process., 73, 39
Christensen, P. V. Design and operation of large capacity ammonia plants. 4th Conference for Development and Integration of Petrochemical Industries in the Arab States. May7–8, Bahrain. pp.1–10. http://www.haldortopsoe.com(accessed Dec. 2004)
Higman, C. Synthesis gas processes for synfuels production. Eurogas'90. Trondheim. pp.1–10.
Teuner S., 1987, Hydrocarb. Proc., 66, 52
Cheeley, R. Monetizing CO2in a GTL plant with the MIDREX®reformer. 2001 Monetizing Stranded Gas Reserves Conference. Denver, Colorado, USA.
Carolan M. F., 2003, ACS Division of Fuel Chemistry, Preprints, 48, 343
Carolan, M. C., Chen, C. M. and Rynders, S. W. ITM Syngas and ITM H2: Engineering Development of Ceramic Membrane Reactor Systems for Converting Natural Gas to Hydrogen and Synthesis Gas for Liquid Transportation Fuels (DE‐FC26‐97FT96052). Proceedings of the 2002 U.S. DOE Hydrogen Program Review. NREL/CP‐610‐32405.
Papavassiliou, V., Bonnel, L. and Vlachos, D. “Novel reactor for the production of synthesis gas”. DOE award DE-FC26-00NT41027. Final technical progress report, December 2004
Brun‐Tsekhovoy, A. R., Zadoin, A. N., Katsobashvili, Y. R. and Kourdumov, S. S. The process of catalytic steam reforming of hydrocarbons in the presence of a carbon dioxide acceptor. Proceedings of the 7th World Hydrogen Energy Conference; Hydrogen Energy Progress VII. Vol. 2, pp.885–900. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Topsoe HTCR Compact Hydrogen Units. “Haldor Topsoe A/S”. www.haldortopsoe.com(accessed Dec. 2004)
Cuzens, J. E., Mauzey, J. and Woods, R. R. Fuel flexible fuel processor. Proceedings of 1998 Fuel Cell Seminar. Palm Springs, California, USA. pp.234–237.
2003, Systèmes Solaires, 157, 45
Abe, J., Chaytors, R., Clark, C., Marshall, C. and Morgan, E. Toward a renewable power supply: the use of bio‐based fuels in stationary fuel cells. Xenergy and Energetic Management Associates. Northeast Regional Biomass Program. pp.1–63.
Lehmann A.‐K., 2001, Renewable Energy Word, 4
Benito, M., Daza, L., Ferreira‐Aparicio, P. and Hoffmann, J. Part 2: The hydrogen and fuel cells perspectives for Europe. Biogas Powered Fuel Cells. Case Studies for their Implementation, Edited by: Trogisch, S. and Baaske, W. E. pp.9–27. Wien: Trauner Verlag.
Wellinger, A. and Lindberg, A. Biogas upgrading and utilisation. IEA Bioenergy. Task 24: Energy from biological conversion of organic waste. http:// www.novaenergie.ch/iea‐bioenergy‐task37/Dokumente/Biogasupgrading.htm(accessed Jan. 2004)
Van herle, J. and Membrez, Y. Biogas exploitation in SOFC. Proceedings of the Fifth European Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Forum. July, Lucerne, Switzerland. Edited by: Bossel, U. 2002, European Secretariat, CH 5442‐Oberrohrdorf, Switzerland, 1003–1010
“Energy for the future: renewables sources of energy. White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action Plan. COM (97) 599 final”. 26/11/97, Annex 1
Scoles, S. W. and Perna, M. A. Naval distillate reforming for navy ship service applications. Presented at 2000 Fuel Cell Seminar. Oct.–Nov., Portland, Oregon, USA. McDermott Technology Inc./MTI 00‐28, 1‐4.
Wieland, S., Baumann, F. and Starz, K. A. New powerful catalysts for autothermal reforming of hydrocarbons and water gas shift reaction for on‐board hydrogen generation in automotive PEMFC applications. SAE Technical Paper, 2001‐01‐0234
Mawdsley, J., Ferrandon, M., Rossignol, C., Ralph, J., Miller, L., Kopasz, J. and Krause, T. Catalysts for Autothermal Reforming. Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and Infrastructure Technologies. FY 2003 Progress Report
Fuderer, A. and Rudelstorfer, E. Selective adsorption process. Union Carbide Corp. US Pat. 3.986.849, Oct. 19, 1976
Vogel, B., Schaumberg, G., Schuler, A. and Heinzel, A. Hydrogen generation technologies for PEM fuel cells. 1998 Fuel Cell Seminar Abstracts. November16–19, Palm Springs, California, USA. pp.364–367.
Babovic, M., Gough, A., Leveson, P. and Ramshaw, C. Catalytic Plate Reactors for Endo‐ and Exothermic Reactions. 4th International Conference on Process Intensification for the Chemical Industry. September10–12, Brugge, Belgium.
Van, Driel and Meijer, M. A novel compact steam reformer with heat generation by catalytic combustion augmented by induction heating. 1998 Fuel Cell Seminar Abstracts. Palm Springs, California, USA. pp.218–221.
Shinke, N., Ibe, S., Takami, S., Yasuda, Y., Asatsu, H., Echigo, M. and Tabata, T. Recent Development of Natural Gas Fuel Processor for Residential PEFC. 2002 Fuel Cell Seminar. Palm Springs, California, USA: Residential Cogeneration Development Department. Osaka Gas Co. Ltd.
Farrauto, R., Hwang, S., Lampert, J., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Ruettinger, W. and Xu, X. New catalyst technologies for advanced fuel cell reformer designs. Fuel Cell Seminar. Miami Beach, Florida, USA.
2003, Fuel Cells Bull., 10, 9
Ward, T. L. and Brown, L. F. Optimization of an autothermal membrane reactor for producing a hydrogen‐rich fuel‐cell feed from the methanol–steam reaction. Paper 296a presented at 1999 A.I.Ch.E. Annual Meeting. Dallas, TX.
Grace, J., Adris, A. M. and Lim, J. Production of pure hydrogen by the fluidised bed membrane reactor process. 14th World Hydrogen Energy Conference. Montreal, Canada.
Pedersen, H. G. Ceramic membrane reforming for synthesis gas production. AIChE Spring Meeting 2003. Conference presented at Advanced Gas Conversion I (75).
Steele B., 1998, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 1, 533
Shah, M. M., Drnevich, R. F., Balachandran, U., Dorris, S. E. and Lee, T. H. Technoeconomic feasibility analysis of hydrogen production by integrated ceramic membrane system. Proceedings of the 2001 DOE Hydrogen Program Review. NREL/CP‐570‐30535
Balachandran, U., Lee, T. H., Wang, S., Zhang, G., Picciolo, J. J., Dusek, J. T., Dorris, S. E. and Rothenberger, K. S. Recent advances in the development of dense ceramic membranes for hydrogen separation. ACS Meeting. Boston, MA.
2004, Fuel Cells Bull., 1, 5
Kumar R., 1996, Electric & Hybrid Vehicle Technology '96, 123
Sundaresan, M., Ramaswamy, S. and Moore, R. M. 2000. “Steam reformer/burner integration and analysis for an indirect methanol fuel cell vehicle. Fuel Cell Vehicle Modelling Program. Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California”. Vol. 3047, 1–5. Davis, CA 95616‐8762, USA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. 95616‐8762
Matson, D. W., Martin, P. M., Stewart, D. C., Tonkovich, A. Y., White, M., Zilka, J. L. and Roberts, G. L. Fabrication of microchannel chemical reactors using a metal lamination process. 3rd International Conference on Microreaction Technology. April1999. Frankfurt, Germany PNNL‐SA‐30998
Krumpelt, M., Krause, T., Kopasz, J., Wilkenhoener, R. and Ahmed, S. Catalytic Autothermal Reforming. Argonne Electrochemical Technology Program. DOE Annual Laboratory Review. Richland, Washington, USA.
Lasher, S., Stratonova, M. and Thijssen, J. Hydrogen Technical Analysis. Project Progress Report. Proceedings of the 2001 DOE Hydrogen Program Review. pp.1–13. NREL/CP‐570‐30535
2003, Fuel Cells Bull., 44, 4
CTU‐600H High Temperature Steam Reformer. www.ztekcorp.com(accessed Jan. 2004)
2003, Fuel Cells Bull., 12, 8
Osaka Gas Company. http://www.osakagas.co.jp/rd/sheet/147e.htm(accessed Jan. 2005)
2003, Fuel Cells Bull., 12, 1
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. http://www.mhi.co.jp/mcec/product/membrane.htm(accessed November 2003)
Privette, R. M., Flynn, T. J., Perna, M. A., Kneidel, K. E., King, D. L. and Cooper, M. Compact fuel processor for fuel‐cell powered vehicles. McDermott Technology Inc. MTI 00‐10, 1‐5. Presented at DOE/EPRI/GRI Fuel Cell Technology Review Conference. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Norrick, D., Barringer, E., Sanders, D., Watson, G. and Kantak, M. 10 kW SOFC Power System Commercialization. Fuel Cell Seminar. Palm Springs, California, USA.
Whyatt G. A., Fuel Cells, and Infrastructure Technologies
Wang, C. S. and Huang, H. S. 2001. “Advanced hydrogen production using Wangtec fuel processor. Summary report”. US DOE Technical Service agreement No. 85J66
Irving, P., Allen, W. L., Ming, Q. and Healey, T. “Novel catalytic fuel reforming with advanced membrane technology”. Proceedings of the 2001 DOE Hydrogen Program Review NREL/CP-570-30535
Pattekar, A. V., Kothare, M. V., Karnik, S. V. and Hatalis, M. K. A microreactor for in‐situ hydrogen production by catalytic methanol reforming. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Microreaction Technology (IMRET 5). Strasbourg, France.
Thompson, L. “Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and Infrastructure Technologies FY 2002 Progress Report”. IV.C.6 Fuel Processors for PEM Fuel Cells.http://www.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/pdfs/33098_sec4‐2.pdf(accessed April 2004)
European Commission. 2003. European fuel cell and hydrogen projects. Directorate—General for research. EUR 20718, European Commission. 2003, Brussels. pp.1–79.
Elam, C. C., Padró, C. E.G., Putche, V., Turner, J. A., Heben, M. J. and Czernik, S. International Energy Agency agreement on the production and utilization of hydrogen. Proceedings of th 1999 U.S. DOE Hydrogen Program Review. pp.1–7. Golden, CO, USA: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL/CP‐570‐26938
2003. “European fuel cell and hydrogen projects: 1999–2002”. 1–79. Brussels: Directorate‐General for Research. Project synopses. EUR 20718. European Commission
Bromberg, L., Rabinovich, A., Alexeev, N. and Cohn, D. R. Plasma Catalytic Reforming of Natural Gas. American Chemical Society Meeting. Anaheim, CA, USA.
Evans, R., Czernik, S., Chornet, E., Feik, C. and Phillips, S. Engineering scale up of renewable hydrogen production by catalytic steam reforming of peanut shells pyrolisis products. Proceedings of the 2001 DOE Hydrogen Program Review. pp.1–10. NREL/CP‐570‐30535