Neurotoxic effects of MPTP on mouse cerebral cortex: Modulation of neuroinflammation as a neuroprotective strategy

Ackerman, 2016, Bile acids in neurodegenerative disorders, Front. Aging Neurosci., 8, 263, 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00263 Antonicelli, 2001, CREB is involved in mouse annexin A1 regulation by cAMP and glucocorticoids, Eur. J. Biochem., 268, 62, 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.01840.x Becker, 2018, Effect of intrastriatal 6-OHDA lesions on extrastriatal brain structures in the mouse, Mol. Neurobiol., 55, 4240 Blesa, 2015, Oxidative stress and Parkinson's disease, Front. Neuroanat., 9, 91, 10.3389/fnana.2015.00091 Blum-Degen, 1995, Interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's and de novo Parkinson's disease patients, Neurosci. Lett., 17, 10.1016/0304-3940(95)12192-7 Buckingham, 1997, Lipocortin 1: a second messenger of glucocorticoid action in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, Mol. Med. Today, 3, 296, 10.1016/S1357-4310(97)88908-3 Carvalho, 2016, S-Glutathionylation of Keap1: a new role for glutathione S-transferase pi in neuronal protection, FEBS Lett., 590, 1455, 10.1002/1873-3468.12177 Cassarino, 1997, Elevated reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme activities in animal and cellular models of Parkinson's disease, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1362, 77, 10.1016/S0925-4439(97)00070-7 Castro, 2004, The bile acid tauroursodeoxycholic acid modulates phosphorylation and translocation of bad via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in glutamate-induced apoptosis of rat cortical neurons, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 311, 845, 10.1124/jpet.104.070532 Castro-Caldas, 2003, Dexamethasone-induced and estradiol-induced CREB activation and annexin 1 expression in CCRF-CEM lymphoblastic cells: evidence for the involvement of cAMP and p38 MAPK, Mediat. Inflamm., 12, 329, 10.1080/09629350310001633351 Castro-Caldas, 2009, GSTpi expression in MPTP induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration of C57BL/6 mouse midbrain and striatum, J. Mol. Neurosci., 38, 114, 10.1007/s12031-008-9141-z Castro-Caldas, 2012, Tauroursodeoxycholic acid prevents MPTP-induced dopaminergic cell death in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, Mol. Neurobiol., 46, 475, 10.1007/s12035-012-8295-4 Dauer, 2003, Parkinson's disease: mechanisms and models, Neuron, 39, 889, 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00568-3 de Coupade, 2000, Annexin 1 expression and phosphorylation are upregulated during liver regeneration and transformation in antithrombin III SV40 T large antigen transgenic mice, Hepatology, 31, 371, 10.1002/hep.510310217 Fabre, 1999, Effect of MPTP on brain mitochondrial H2O2 and ATP production and on dopamine and DOPAC in the striatum, J. Physiol. Biochem., 55, 325 Fahn, 2003, Description of Parkinson's disease as a clinical syndrome, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 991, 1, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07458.x Fan, 2004, Macrophage surface expression of annexins I and II in the phagocytosis of apoptotic lymphocytes, Mol. Biol. Cell, 15, 2863, 10.1091/mbc.e03-09-0670 Flower, 1988, Eleventh Gaddum memorial lecture. Lipocortin and the mechanism of action of the glucocorticoids, Br. J. Pharmacol., 94, 987, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1988.tb11614.x Garcia-Esparcia, 2018, Mitochondrial activity in the frontal cortex area 8 and angular gyrus in Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease with dementia, Brain Pathol., 28, 43, 10.1111/bpa.12474 Goedert, 2013, 100 years of Lewy pathology, Nat. Rev. Neurol., 9, 13, 10.1038/nrneurol.2012.242 Guillen, 2012, FELASA guidelines and recommendations, J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci., 51, 311 Hagiwara, 1993, Coupling of hormonal stimulation and transcription via the cyclic AMP-responsive factor CREB is rate limited by nuclear entry of protein kinase A, Mol. Cell. Biol., 13, 4852, 10.1128/MCB.13.8.4852 Harish, 2013, Alteration in glutathione content and associated enzyme activities in the synaptic terminals but not in the non-synaptic mitochondria from the frontal cortex of Parkinson's disease brains, Neurochem. Res., 38, 186, 10.1007/s11064-012-0907-x Hirsch, 2009, Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease: a target for neuroprotection?, Lancet Neurol., 8, 382, 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70062-6 Hurley, 2003, Microglial response is poorly correlated with neurodegeneration following chronic, low-dose MPTP administration in monkeys, Exp. Neurol., 184, 659, 10.1016/S0014-4886(03)00273-5 Hwang, 2013, Role of oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease, Exp. Neurobiol., 22, 11, 10.5607/en.2013.22.1.11 Jackson-Lewis, 2007, Protocol for the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease, Nat. Protoc., 2, 141, 10.1038/nprot.2006.342 Jackson-Lewis, 1995, Time course and morphology of dopaminergic neuronal death caused by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, Neurodegeneration, 4, 257, 10.1016/1055-8330(95)90015-2 Keene, 2001, A bile acid protects against motor and cognitive deficits and reduces striatal degeneration in the 3-nitropropionic acid model of Huntington's disease, Exp. Neurol., 171, 351, 10.1006/exnr.2001.7755 Khan, 2013, Protection of MPTP-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration by Pycnogenol, Neurochem. Int., 62, 379, 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.01.029 Klein, 2012, Genetics of Parkinson's disease, Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med., 2, a008888, 10.1101/cshperspect.a008888 Liberatore, 1999, Inducible nitric oxide synthase stimulates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson disease, Nat. Med., 5, 1403, 10.1038/70978 Liddelow, 2017, Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia, Nature, 541, 481, 10.1038/nature21029 Lima, 2017, The resolution of acute inflammation induced by cyclic AMP is dependent on annexin A1, J. Biol. Chem., 292, 13758, 10.1074/jbc.M117.800391 Lofrumento, 2011, MPTP-induced neuroinflammation increases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their receptors in mouse brain, Neuroimmunomodulation, 18, 79, 10.1159/000320027 Martin, 2011, Recent advances in the genetics of Parkinson's disease, Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet., 12, 301, 10.1146/annurev-genom-082410-101440 McArthur, 2010, Annexin A1: a central player in the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective role of microglia, J. Immunol., 185, 6317, 10.4049/jimmunol.1001095 McGeer, 1988, Reactive microglia are positive for HLA-DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains, Neurology, 38, 1285, 10.1212/WNL.38.8.1285 Miklossy, 2006, Role of ICAM-1 in persisting inflammation in Parkinson disease and MPTP monkeys, Exp. Neurol., 197, 275, 10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.10.034 Mogi, 1994, Interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha are elevated in the brain from parkinsonian patients, Neurosci. Lett., 180, 147, 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90508-8 Moon, 2015, Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease, Exp. Neurobiol., 24, 103, 10.5607/en.2015.24.2.103 Moreira, 2017, Nrf2 activation by tauroursodeoxycholic acid in experimental models of Parkinson's disease, Exp. Neurol., 295, 77, 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.05.009 Muller, 1998, Interleukin-6 levels in cerebrospinal fluid inversely correlate to severity of Parkinson's disease, Acta Neurol. Scand., 98, 142, 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1998.tb01736.x Navarro, 2009, Brain mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in Parkinson's disease, J. Bioenerg. Biomembr., 41, 517, 10.1007/s10863-009-9250-6 Nayyar, 2009, Cortical serotonin and norepinephrine denervation in parkinsonism: preferential loss of the beaded serotonin innervation, Eur. J. Neurosci., 30, 207, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06806.x Nicklas, 1985, Inhibition of NADH-linked oxidation in brain mitochondria by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine, a metabolite of the neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine, Life Sci., 36, 2503, 10.1016/0024-3205(85)90146-8 Nicklas, 2002, Recommendations for the health monitoring of rodent and rabbit colonies in breeding and experimental units, Lab. Anim., 36, 20, 10.1258/0023677021911740 Niranjan, 2014, The role of inflammatory and oxidative stress mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease: focus on astrocytes, Mol. Neurobiol., 49, 28, 10.1007/s12035-013-8483-x Peltier, 2007, PI3K/Akt and CREB regulate adult neural hippocampal progenitor proliferation and differentiation, Dev. Neurobiol., 67, 1348, 10.1002/dneu.20506 Poewe, 2017, Parkinson disease, Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers., 3, 17013, 10.1038/nrdp.2017.13 Pringsheim, 2014, The prevalence of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Mov. Disord., 29, 1583, 10.1002/mds.25945 Przedborski, 2005, Pathogenesis of nigral cell death in Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism Relat. Disord., 11, S3, 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2004.10.012 Rodrigues, 2002, Neuroprotection by a bile acid in an acute stroke model in the rat, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 22, 463, 10.1097/00004647-200204000-00010 Rosa, 2017, Novel insights into the antioxidant role of tauroursodeoxycholic acid in experimental models of Parkinson's disease, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1863, 2171, 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.004 Rosa, 2018, Tauroursodeoxycholic acid improves motor symptoms in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, Mol. Neurobiol., 55, 9139, 10.1007/s12035-018-1062-4 Saporito, 2000, MPTP activates c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and its upstream regulatory kinase MKK4 in nigrostriatal neurons in vivo, J. Neurochem., 75, 1200, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0751200.x Solá, 2003, Tauroursodeoxycholic acid prevents amyloid-beta peptide-induced neuronal death via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent signaling pathway, Mol. Med., 9, 226, 10.2119/2003-00042.Rodrigues Solito, 2001, Transfection of annexin 1 in monocytic cells produces a high degree of spontaneous and stimulated apoptosis associated with caspase-3 activation, Br. J. Pharmacol., 133, 217, 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704054 Solito, 2008, Annexin A1 in the brain--undiscovered roles?, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 29, 135, 10.1016/j.tips.2007.12.003 Thomas, 2007, Parkinson's disease, Hum. Mol. Genet., 16, 183, 10.1093/hmg/ddm159 Yanguas-Casas, 2014, Tauroursodeoxycholic acid reduces glial cell activation in an animal model of acute neuroinflammation, J. Neuroinflammation, 11, 50, 10.1186/1742-2094-11-50 Yanguas-Casas, 2017, TUDCA: an agonist of the bile acid receptor GPBAR1/TGR5 with anti-inflammatory effects in microglial cells, J. Cell. Physiol., 232, 2231, 10.1002/jcp.25742