Neuropsychological Dysfunction in Depressed Suicide Attempters

Beck AT, Brown G, Berchick RJ, Stewart BL, Steer RA: Relationship between hopelessness and ultimate suicide: a replication with psychiatric outpatients. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147:190–195

Beck AT, Steer RA, Kovacs M, Garrison B: Hopelessness and eventual suicide: a 10-year prospective study of patients hospitalized with suicidal ideation. Am J Psychiatry 1985; 142:559–563

Beck AT, Brown GK, Steer RA, Dahlsgaard KK, Grisham JR: Suicide ideation at its worst point: a predictor of eventual suicide in psychiatric outpatients. Suicide Life Threat Behav 1999; 29:1–9

Mann JJ, Waternaux C, Haas GL, Malone KM: Toward a clinical model of suicidal behavior in psychiatric patients. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156:181–189

Neuringer C: Rigid thinking in suicidal individuals. J Consult Psychol 1964; 28:54–58

Levenson M, Neuringer C: Problem-solving behavior in suicidal adolescents. J Consult Clin Psychol 1971; 37:433–436

Luscomb RL, Clum GA, Patsiokas AT: Mediating factors in the relationship between life stress and suicide attempting. J Nerv Ment Dis 1980; 168:644–650

Linehan MM, Camper P, Chiles JA, Strosahl K, Shearin E: Interpersonal problem solving and parasuicide. Cog Ther Res 1987; 11:1–12

Patsiokas AT, Clum GA, Luscomb RL: Cognitive characteristics of suicide attempters. J Consult Clin Psychol 1979; 47:478–484

Pollock LR, Williams JMG: Problem solving and suicidal behavior. Suicide Life Threat Behav 1998; 28:375–387

Schotte DE, Clum GA: Problem-solving skills in suicidal psychiatric patients. J Consult Clin Psychol 1987; 55:49–54

Schotte DE, Cools J, Payvar S: Problem-solving deficits in suicidal patients: trait vulnerability or state phenomenon? J Consult Clin Psychol 1990; 58:562–564

Bigler E: On the neuropsychology of suicide. J Learn Disabil 1989; 22:181–185

Rourke BP, Young GC, Leenaars AA: A childhood learning disability that predisposes those afflicted to adolescent and adult depression and suicide risk. J Learn Disabil 1989; 22:169–175

Bartfai A, Winborg I, Nordstrom P, Asberg M: Suicidal behavior and cognitive flexibility: design and verbal fluency after attempted suicide. Suicide Life Threat Behav 1990; 20:254–265

Ellis TE, Berg RA, Franzen MD: Neuropsychological performance and suicidal behavior in adult psychiatric inpatients. Percept Mot Skills 1992; 75:639–647

Lester D: On the relationship between fatal and nonfatal suicidal behavior. Homeost Health Dis 1996; 37:122–128

Linehan MM: Behavioral treatments of suicidal behaviors: definitional obfuscation and treatment outcomes. Ann NY Acad Sci 1997; 836:302–328

Linehan MM: Suicidal people: one population or two? Ann NY Acad Sci 1986; 487:16–33

Brent DA: Correlates of the medical lethality of suicide attempts in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1987; 26:87–91

Shearer SL, Peters CP, Quaytman MS, Wadman BE: Intent and lethality of suicide attempts among female borderline inpatients. Am J Psychiatry 1988; 145:1424–1427

Malone KM, Corbitt EM, Li S, Mann JJ: Prolactin response to fenfluramine and suicide attempt lethality in major depression. Br J Psychiatry 1996; 168:324–329

Mann JJ, Malone KM: Cerebrospinal fluid amines and higher lethality suicide attempts in depressed inpatients. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 41:162–171

Boone KB, Lesser IM, Miller BL, Wohl M, Berman N, Lee A: Cognitive functioning of older depressed outpatients: relationship of presence and severity of depression to neuropsychological test scores. Neuropsychology 1995; 9:390–398

Sackeim HA, Freeman J, McElhiney M, Coleman E, Prudic J, Devanand DP: Effects of major depression on estimates of intelligence. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1992; 14:268–288

Zakzanis KK, Leach L, Kaplan E: On the nature and pattern of neurocognitive function in major depressive disorder. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 1998; 11:111–119

Arango V, Underwood MD, Mann JJ: Postmortem findings in suicide victims: implications for in vivo imaging studies. Ann NY Acad Sci 1997; 836:269–287

Malone KM, Szanto K, Corbitt EM, Mann JJ: Clinical assessment versus research methods in the assessment of suicidal behavior. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:1601–1607

Beck AT, Beck R, Kovacs M: Classification of suicidal behaviors, I: quantifying intent and medical lethality. Am J Psychiatry 1975; 132:285–287

Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Gibbon M, First MB: The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID), I: history, rationale, and description. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49:624–629

Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR: “Mini-Mental State”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12:189–198

Thorne DR, Genser SG, Sing HC, Hegge FW: The Walter Reed Performance Assessment Battery. Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol 1985; 7:415–418

Cornblatt BA, Risch NJ, Faris G, Friedman D, Erlenmeyer-Kimling L: The Continuous Performance Test, Identical Pairs Version (CPT-IP), I: new findings about sustained attention in normal families. Psychiatry Res 1988; 26:223–238

MacLeod C: A half-century of research on the Stroop effect: an integrative review. Psychol Bull 1991; 109:163–203

Perlstein WM, Carter CS, Barch DM, Baird JW: The Stroop tasks and attention deficits in schizophrenia: a critical evaluation of card and single-trial Stroop methodologies. Neuropsychology 1998; 12:414–425

Buschke H, Fuld P: Evaluating storage, retention, and retrieval in disordered memory and learning. Neurology 1974; 24:1019–1025

Baddeley AD: A three minute reasoning test based on grammatical transformations. Psychonomic Sci 1968; 10:1019–1025

Huberty CJ: Issues in the use and interpretation of discriminant analysis. Psychol Bull 1984; 95:156–171

Taylor SF: Cerebral blood flow activation and functional lesions in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 1996; 19:129–140

Paulesu E, Frith CD, Frackowiak RSJ: The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory. Nature 1993; 362:342–345

Peterson BS, Skudlarski P, Gatenby JC, Zhang H, Anderson AW, Gore JC: An fMRI study of Stroop word-color interference: evidence for cingulate subregions subserving multiple distributed attentional systems. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 45:1237–1258

Koren D, Seidman LJ, Harrison RH, Lyons MJ, Kremen WS, Caplan B, Goldstein JM, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT: Factor structure of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: dimensions of deficit in schizophrenia. Neuropsychology 1998; 12:289–302

Paolo AM, Troster AI, Axelrod BN, Koller WC: Construct validity of the WCST in normal elderly and persons with Parkinson’s disease. Arch Clin Neuropsychology 1995; 10:463–473

Malloy P, Bihrle A, Duffy J, Cimino C: The orbitomedial frontal syndrome. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 1993; 8:185–201

Arango V, Underwood MD, Gubbi AV, Mann JJ: Localized alterations in pre- and postsynaptic serotonin binding sites in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex of suicide victims. Brain Res 1995; 688:121–133

Grant I, Prigitano GP, Heaton RK, McSweeney AJ, Wright EC, Adams KM: Progressive neuropsychologic impairment and hypoxemia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987; 44:999–1006

Upadhyaya AK, Conwell Y, Duberstein PR, Dennin D, Cox C: Attempted suicide in older depressed patients: effects of cognitive functioning. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 1999; 7:317–320

Nasser EH, Overholser JC: Assessing varying degrees of lethality in adolescent suicide attempters. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999; 99:423–431

Handwerke ML, Larzelere RE, Friman PC, Mitchell AM: The relationship between the lethality of attempted suicide and prior suicidal communications in a sample of residential youth. J Adolesc 1998; 21:407–414

Perrah M, Wichman H: Cognitive rigidity in suicide attempters. Suicide Life Threat Behav 1987; 17:251–255