Neurologic Complications of Drugs

Addonizio, 1986, Symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in 82 consecutive inpatients, Am J Psychiatry, 143, 1587, 10.1176/ajp.143.12.1587 Addonizio, 1987, ECT as a treatment alternative for patients with symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, J Clin Psychiatry, 48, 102 Albin, 1989, The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders, Trends in Neuroscience, 12, 366, 10.1016/0166-2236(89)90074-X Alldredge, 1989, Seizures associated with recreational drug use, Neurology, 39, 1037, 10.1212/WNL.39.8.1037 Anderson, 1987, Peripheral neuropathy as a component of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Am J Med, 82, 169, 10.1016/0002-9343(87)90401-3 Baca, 1990, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: A unique association with a tricyclic antidepressant, Neurology, 40, 1797, 10.1212/WNL.40.11.1797 Barnes, 1985, Akathisia variants and tardive dyskinesia, Arch Gen Psychia-try, 42, 874, 10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790320042006 Becker, 1988, Myocardial infarction: an unusual complication of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, J Nerv Ment Dis, 176, 377, 10.1097/00005053-198806000-00010 Berciano, 1991, Myasthenia gravis unmasked by cocaine abuse [letter], N Engl J Med, 325, 892, 10.1056/NEJM199109193251216 Bismuth, 1984, A new therapeutic approach to the neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Acta Neurol Scand, 70, 193 Blin, 1989, Striatal dopamine D2 receptors in tardive dyskinesia. PET study, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 52, 1248, 10.1136/jnnp.52.11.1248 Brown, 1987, Low serum iron and akathisia, Lancet, 30, 1234, 10.1016/S0140-6736(87)92687-0 Burch, 1987, Development of neuroleptic malignant syndrome during simulta-neous amoxapine treatment and alprazolam discontinuation, J Clin Psychopharmacol, 7, 55 Burke, 1982, Tardive dystonia: Late-onset and persistent dystonia caused by antipsychotic drugs, Neurology, 32, 1335, 10.1212/WNL.32.12.1335 Burke, 1981, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome caused by dopa-mine-depleting drugs in a patient with Huntington disease, Neurology, 31, 1022, 10.1212/WNL.31.8.1022 Burke, 1988, Tardive dystonia: Clinical aspects and treatment, Adv Neurol, 49, 199 Burke, 1989, Tardive akathisia: An analysis of clinical features and response to open therapeutic trials, Mov Dis, 4, 157, 10.1002/mds.870040208 Caroff, 1980, The neuroleptic malignant syndrome, J Clin Psychiatry, 41, 79 Caroff, 1987, Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility in neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Anesthesiology, 67, 20, 10.1097/00000542-198707000-00004 Castillo, 1989, Clinical differentiation between lethal catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Am J Psychiatry, 146, 324, 10.1176/ajp.146.3.324 Choy-Kwong, 1989, Dystonia related to cocaine withdrawal: A case report and pathogenic hypothesis, Neurology, 39, 996, 10.1212/WNL.39.7.996-a Choy-Kwong, 1989, Seizures in hospitalized cocaine users, Neurology, 39, 425, 10.1212/WNL.39.3.425 Clarke, 1988, Clinical spectrum of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Lancet, 22, 969, 10.1016/S0140-6736(88)92643-8 Cohen, 1987, A case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, J Clin Psychiatry, 48, 287 Cohen, 1987, Lithium carbonate, haloperidol, and irreversible brain damage, JAMA, 2, 57 Coons, 1982, Treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome with dantrolene sodium: A case report, Am J Psychiatry, 139, 944, 10.1176/ajp.139.7.944 Cox, 1979, Dopamine, 231 Cox, 1977, Do central dopamine receptors have a central role in thermoregulation?, Br J Pharmacol, 61, 83, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1977.tb09742.x Crane, 1991, Motor disorders induced by neuroleptics, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 24, 179, 10.1001/archpsyc.1971.01750080083014 Cregler, 1986, Cardiovascular dosages of cocaine abuse, Am J Cardiol, 57, 1185, 10.1016/0002-9149(86)90696-X Cummings, 1989, Recognition and differential diagnosis of tardive dysld-nesia, Intl Psychiatry Med, 19, 133, 10.2190/CE34-RXQR-9CC6-C3AY Delay, 1968, Drug-induced extrapyramidal syndromes, 248 Deng, 1990, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in 12 of 9,792 Chinese inpatients exposed to neuroleptics: A prospective study, Am J Psychiatry, 147, 1149, 10.1176/ajp.147.9.1149 Deringer, 1990, A stroke associated with cocaine use [letter], Arch Neurol, 47, 502, 10.1001/archneur.1990.00530050016006 Duncan, 1990, Nifedipine in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia, J Clin Psychopharmacol, 10, 414, 10.1097/00004714-199010060-00006 Duvoisin, 1972, Reserpine for tardive dyslcinesia [letter], N Engl J Med, 286, 611, 10.1056/NEJM197203162861126 Elkashef, 1990, Vitamin E in the treatment of tardive dysIdnesia, Am J Psychiatry, 147, 505, 10.1176/ajp.147.4.505 Fields, 1991, Neurochemical basis for the absence of overt “Sterotyped” behaviors in rats with up-regulated striatal D2 dopamine receptors, Clin Neuropharmacol, 14, 199, 10.1097/00002826-199106000-00002 Fitzgerald, 1989, Tardive occulogyric crises, Neurology, 39, 1434, 10.1212/WNL.39.11.1434 Fleischbacker, 1990, The neuroleptic malignant syndrome and its differentiation from lethal catatonia, Acta Psychiatr Scand, 81, 3, 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb06439.x Friedman, 1985, A neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome due to levodopa withdrawal, JAMA, 254, 2792, 10.1001/jama.1985.03360190098033 Friedman, 1987, Tardive dystonia in a psychiatric hospital, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 50, 801, 10.1136/jnnp.50.6.801 Fukuzako, 1990, Postural myoclonus associated with long-term administration of neuroleptics in schizophrenic patients, Biol Psychiatry, 27, 1116, 10.1016/0006-3223(90)90048-7 Goulon, 1983, Beneficial effects of dantrolene with treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome: A report of two cases, Neurology, 33, 516 Granato, 1983, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: successful treatment with dantrolene and bromocriptine, Ann Neurol, 14, 89 Gronert, 1980, Malignant hyperthermia, Anesthesiology, 52, 395, 10.1097/00000542-198011000-00007 Guze, 1985, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, N Engl I Med, 313, 163, 10.1056/NEJM198507183130306 Harris, 1987, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome responsive to carbi-dopa/levodopa: support for a dopaminergic pathogenesis, Clin Neuropharmacol, 10, 186, 10.1097/00002826-198704000-00010 Henderson, 1981, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: A pathogenetic role for dopainine receptor blockade?, Neurology, 31, 132, 10.1212/WNL.31.2.132 Horn, 1988, Hypothalamic pathology in the neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Am I Psychiatry, 145, 617, 10.1176/ajp.145.5.617 Jankovic, 1988, Tetrabenazine therapy of dystonia, chorea, tics and other dysld-nesias, Neurology, 38, 391, 10.1212/WNL.38.3.391 Jeste, 1990, Tardive dyskirtesia: Managing a common neuroleptic side effect, Geriatrics, 45, 49 Jeste, 1982 Johnson, 1988, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome presenting as adult respiratory distress syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation, South Med J, 81, 543, 10.1097/00007611-198804000-00038 Kaku, 1990, Acute femoral neuropathy and iliopsoas infarction in intravenous drug abusers, Neurology, 40, 1317, 10.1212/WNL.40.8.1317 Kane, 1982, Tardive dyskinesia, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 39, 473, 10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290040069010 Kane, 1988, Tardive dyskinesia, prevalence, incidence and risk factors, J Clin Psychopharmocol, 8, 259 Kang, 1988, Tardive dystonia, Adv Neurol, 50, 415 Kaye, 1987, Cerebral vasculitis associated with cocaine abuse, JAMA, 258, 2104, 10.1001/jama.1987.03400150096036 Keck, 1989, Risk factors for neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 46, 914, 10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810100056011 Keepers, 1990, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome associated with withdrawal from carbamazepine, Am J Psychiatry, 147, 1687, 10.1176/ajp.147.12.1687a Kellam, 1987, The neuroleptic malignant syndrome, so-called: a survey of the world literature, Br J Psychiatry, 150, 752, 10.1192/bjp.150.6.752 Keyser, 1991, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in Parkinson's disease after withdrawal or alteration of dopaminergic therapy, Arch Int Med, 151, 794, 10.1001/archinte.1991.00400040130031 Khot, 1991, Not all that moves is tardive dyskinesia, Am J Psychiatry, 148, 661, 10.1176/ajp.148.5.661 Klawans, 1973, The pharmacology of tardive dyskinesis, Am J Psychiatry, 130, 82, 10.1176/ajp.130.1.82 Klawans, 1982, Prevalence of spontaneous lingual-facial-buccal dyskinesia in the elderly, Neurology, 32, 558, 10.1212/WNL.32.5.558 Klawans, 1978, Giles de la Tourette syndrome after long-term chlorpromazine therapy, Neurology, 28, 1064, 10.1212/WNL.28.10.1064 Koller, 1983, Edentulous oro-dyskinesia, Ann Neurol, 13, 97, 10.1002/ana.410130121 Koller, 1988, Idiopathic oral-facial dyskinesia, Adv Neurol, 49, 177 Kosten, 1988, Rapid death during cocaine abuse: A variant of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome?, Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 14, 335, 10.3109/00952998809001555 Kumor, 1990, Cocaine withdrawal dystonia [letter], Neurology, 40, 863, 10.1212/WNL.40.5.863 Kumor, 1986, Halloperidol-induced dystonia in cocaine addicts, Lancet, 2, 1341, 10.1016/S0140-6736(86)91478-9 Kurlan, 1984, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Clin Neuropharma-col, 7, 109, 10.1097/00002826-198406000-00001 Kurlan, 1988, Differential diagnosis of facial chorea, Adv Neurol, 49, 225 Lal, 1986, Tourette-like syndrome following low dose short term neuroleptic treatment, Can J Neurol Sci, 13, 125, 10.1017/S0317167100036052 Lang, 1990, Clinical differences between metoclopramide and antipsychotic-induced tar-dive dyskinesias, Can J Neurol Sci, 17, 137, 10.1017/S031716710003033X Lang, 1982, Alphamethylparatyrosine and tetrabenazine in movement disorders, Clin Neuropharmacol, 5, 375, 10.1097/00002826-198212000-00005 Lee, 1989, Cerebellar degeneration in neuroleptic malignant syndrome, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 52, 387, 10.1136/jnnp.52.3.387 Lees, 1985, The drug-induced dyskinesia, 191 Levenson, 1985, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Am J Psychiatry, 142, 1137, 10.1176/ajp.142.10.1137 Levine, 1990, Cerebrovascular complications of the use of the “crack” form of alkaloid cocaine, N Engl J Med, 323, 699, 10.1056/NEJM199009133231102 Levine, 1991, A comparative study of the cerebrovascular complications of cocaine: Alkaloid versus hydrochloride-a review, Neurology, 41, 1173, 10.1212/WNL.41.8.1173 Lieberman, 1989, Clozapine, pharmacology and tardive dyskinesia, Psychopharmacology, 99, S54, 10.1007/BF00442560 Lieberman, 1991, The effects of clozapine on tardive dyskinesia, Br J Psychiatry, 158, 503, 10.1192/bjp.158.4.503 Little, 1987, Tardive myoclonus, Mov Dis, 2, 307, 10.1002/mds.870020408 Mann, 1986, Lethal catatonia, Am J Psychiatry, 143, 1374, 10.1176/ajp.143.11.1374 McCarron, 1982, A case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome successfully treated with amantadine, J Clin Psychiatry, 43, 381 Melamed, 1991, Persistent and progressive parkinsonism after discontinuation of chronic neuroleptic therapy: An additional tardive syndrome?, Clin Neuropharmacol, 14, 273, 10.1097/00002826-199106000-00013 Merriam, 1988, Partial complex status epilepticus associated with cocaine abuse, Biol Psychiatry, 23, 515, 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90024-8 Merriam, 1987, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome after imipramine withdrawal, J Clin Psychopharmacol, 7, 53, 10.1097/00004714-198702000-00027 Miller, 1990, Neurologic approach to drug-induced movement disorders: a study of 125 patients, South Med J, 83, 525, 10.1097/00007611-199005000-00011 Mody, 1988, Neurologic complications of cocaine abuse, Neurology, 38, 1189, 10.1212/WNL.38.8.1189 Morris, 1980, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Arch Neurol, 37, 462, 10.1001/archneur.1980.00500560092019 Newman, 1988, Bilateral optic neuropathy and osteolytic sinusitis. Complications of cocaine abuse, JAMA, 259, 72, 10.1001/jama.1988.03720010050040 Olmsted, 1988, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: guidelines for treatment and reinstitution of neuroleptics, South Med J, 81, 888, 10.1097/00007611-198807000-00020 Pall, 1987, Evidence of enhanced lipid peroxidation in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients taking phenothiazines, Lancet, 2, 596, 10.1016/S0140-6736(87)92987-4 Pascual-Leone, 1990, Cocaine-associated multifocal tics, Neurology, 40, 999, 10.1212/WNL.40.6.999 Pascual-Leone, 1990, Cocaine-induced seizures, Neurology, 40, 404, 10.1212/WNL.40.3_Part_1.404 Pascum-Leone, 1991, Cerebral atrophy in habitual cocaine abusers: A planimetric C.T. study, Neurology, 41, 34, 10.1212/WNL.41.1.34 Petty, 1990, Embolic stroke after smoking “crack” cocaine, Stroke, 21, 1632, 10.1161/01.STR.21.11.1632 Pfeiffer, 1989, “On-Off” induced lethal hyperthermia, Mov Dis, 4, 338, 10.1002/mds.870040408 Pope, 1986, Frequency and presentation of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a large psychiatric hospital, Am J Psychiatry, 143, 1227, 10.1176/ajp.143.10.1227 Povlsen, 1985, Tolerability and therapeutic effect of clozapine, Acta Psychiatr Scand, 71, 176, 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb01268.x Roffe, 1991, Peripheral neuropathy as a complication of neurolep-tic malignant syndrome, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 54, 378, 10.1136/jnnp.54.4.378 Rosebush, 1989, A prospective analysis of 24 episodes of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Am J Psychiatry, 146, 717, 10.1176/ajp.146.6.717 Rosenberg, 1989, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome review of response to therapy, Arch Intern Med, 149, 1927, 10.1001/archinte.1989.00390090009002 Rothke, 1986, Neuropsychological sequelae of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Biol Psychiatry, 21, 838, 10.1016/0006-3223(86)90249-0 Samie, 1987, Neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome induced by metaclopramide, Mov Dis, 2, 57, 10.1002/mds.870020108 Satel, 1989, Migraine-like headache and cocaine use, JAMA, 261, 2995, 10.1001/jama.1989.03420200085043 Sawaya, 1990, Spinal cord infarction after cocaine use [letter], South Med J, 83, 601, 10.1097/00007611-199005000-00037 Schiefe, 1982, Treating tardive dyskinesia, Sem Neurol, 2, 305, 10.1055/s-2008-1063860 Sethi, 1990, Prevalence of dystonia in veterans on chronic antipsy-chotic therapy, Mov Dis, 5, 319, 10.1002/mds.870050411 Shalev, 1989, Mortality from neuroleptic malignant syndrome, J Clin Psychiatry, 50, 18 Shalev, 1988, The role of external heat load in triggering the neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Am J Psychiatry, 45, 110 Sloan, 1991, Occurrence of stroke associated with use/ abuse of drugs, Neurology, 41, 1358, 10.1212/WNL.41.9.1358 Smego, 1982, The neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Arch Int Med, 142, 1183, 10.1001/archinte.1982.00340190139021 Smith, 1980, Changes in prevalence, severity and recovery in tardive DysIdnesia with age, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 37, 1368, 10.1001/archpsyc.1980.01780250054006 Smith, 1988, Is the dopaminergic supersensitivity theory of tardive dyskinesia valid?, 1 Sokolloff, 1990, Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics, Nature, 347, 146, 10.1038/347146a0 Stedman, 1991, Effects of nifedipine on psychosis and tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenic patients, J Clin Psychopharmacol, 11, 43, 10.1097/00004714-199102000-00006 Strange, 1991, Interesting times for dopamine receptors, Trends in Neuroscience, 14, 43, 10.1016/0166-2236(91)90017-O Thaker, 1990, Clonazepam treatment of tardive dyskinesia: A practical gabamimetic strategy, Am J Psychiatry, 147, 445, 10.1176/ajp.147.4.445 Tominaga, 1987, Tardive myoclonus [letter], Lancet, 1, 322, 10.1016/S0140-6736(87)92042-3 Tom, 1981, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome-like state following a withdrawal of antiparkinsonian drugs, J Nerv Ment Dis, 169, 324, 10.1097/00005053-198105000-00011 Uhrbrand, 1960, Reversible and irreversible dyskinesia after treatment with perphenazine, chlorpramazine, reserpine, and electroconvulsive therapy, Psychophar-macologia, 1, 408, 10.1007/BF00441188 Van Putten, 1988, The neuroleptic malignant syndrome manifested as a prolonged confusional state, J Clin Psychopharmacol, 8, 229, 10.1097/00004714-198806000-00026 Van Putten, 1990, Tardive Meige syndrome responsive to clozapine, J Clin Psychopharmacol, 10, 381, 10.1097/00004714-199010000-00029 Van Tol, 1991, Cloning of the gene for a human dopamine D4 receptor with high affinity for the antipsychiatric clozapine, Nature, 350, 610, 10.1038/350610a0 Verhoeven, 1985, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome: Successful treatment with bromocriptine, Biol Psychiatry, 20, 680, 10.1016/0006-3223(85)90104-0 Ward, 1986, Dantrolene: a review of its pharmacodynainic and therapeutic use in malignant hyperthermia, the neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and an update of its use in muscle spasticity, Drugs, 32, 130, 10.2165/00003495-198632020-00003 Wills, 1988, Neuroleptic rechallenge after neuroleptic malignant syndrome: A case report and literature review, Drug Intell Clin Pharmacy, 22, 475, 10.1177/106002808802200606 Wirshing, 1990, Effects of clozapine on treatment—Persistent akathisia and concomitant tardive dyskinesia, J Clin Psychopharmacol, 10, 371, 10.1097/00004714-199010000-00020 Woemer, 1991, The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia, J Clin Psychopharmocol, 11, 34 Wojcik, 1991, A review of 32 cases of tardive dystonia, Am J Psychiatry, 148, 1055, 10.1176/ajp.148.8.1055 Yassa, 1989, A comparison of severe tardive dystonia and severe tardive dyskinesia, Acta Psychiatr Scand, 80, 155, 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb01319.x