Neuroimaging Applications in Restless Legs Syndrome

International Review of Neurobiology - Tập 143 - Trang 31-64 - 2018
Giovanni Rizzo1,2, Giuseppe Plazzi1,2
1IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
2Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Unit of Neurology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Tài liệu tham khảo

Allen, 2015, Restless leg syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease pathophysiology, Sleep Medicine Clinics, 10, 207, 10.1016/j.jsmc.2015.05.022 Allen, 2013, Thalamic glutamate/glutamine in restless legs syndrome: Increased and related to disturbed sleep, Neurology, 80, 2028, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318294b3f6 Allen, 2001, MRI measurement of brain iron in patients with restless legs syndrome, Neurology, 56, 263, 10.1212/WNL.56.2.263 Allen, 2007, The role of iron in restless legs syndrome, Movement Disorders, 22, S440, 10.1002/mds.21607 Allen, 2014, Restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease diagnostic criteria: Updated international restless legs syndrome study group (IRLSSG) consensus criteria—History, rationale, description, and significance, Sleep Medicine, 15, 860, 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.03.025 Allen, 2003, Restless legs syndrome: Diagnostic criteria, special considerations, and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institutes of Health, Sleep Medicine, 4, 101, 10.1016/S1389-9457(03)00010-8 Allen, 2005, Restless legs syndrome prevalence and impact: REST general population study, Archives of Internal Medicine, 165, 1286, 10.1001/archinte.165.11.1286 Astrakas, 2008, T2 relaxometry and fMRI of the brain in late-onset restless legs syndrome, Neurology, 71, 911, 10.1212/01.wnl.0000325914.50764.a2 Bassetti, 2001, Restless legs syndrome: A clinical study of 55 patients, European Neurology, 45, 67, 10.1159/000052098 Belke, 2015, DTI and VBM reveal white matter changes without associated gray matter changes in patients with idiopathic restless legs syndrome, Brain and Behavior: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective, 5, 10.1002/brb3.327 Bucher, 1997, Cerebral generators involved in the pathogenesis of the restless legs syndrome, Annals of Neurology, 41, 639, 10.1002/ana.410410513 Celle, 2010, Prevalence and clinical correlates of restless legs syndrome in an elderly French population: The synapse study, The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 65, 167, 10.1093/gerona/glp161 Celle, 2010, Lack of specific gray matter alterations in restless legs syndrome in elderly subjects, Journal of Neurology, 257, 344, 10.1007/s00415-009-5320-2 Cervenka, 2006, Support for dopaminergic hypoactivity in restless legs syndrome: A PET study on D2-receptor binding, Brain, 129, 2017, 10.1093/brain/awl163 Chang, 2015, Gray matter alteration in patients with restless legs syndrome: A voxel-based morphometry study, Clinical Imaging, 39, 20, 10.1016/j.clinimag.2014.07.010 Chang, 2014, Altered white matter integrity in primary restless legs syndrome patients: Diffusion tensor imaging study, Neurological Research, 36, 769, 10.1179/1743132814Y.0000000336 Cho, 2009, Restless legs syndrome in a community sample of Korean adults: Prevalence, impact on quality of life, and association with DSM-IV psychiatric disorders, Sleep, 32, 1069 Comley, 2012, A comparison of gray matter density in restless legs syndrome patients and matched controls using voxel-based morphometry, Journal of Neuroimaging, 22, 28, 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2010.00536.x Connor, 2017, Iron and restless legs syndrome: Treatment, genetics and pathophysiology, Sleep Medicine, 31, 61, 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.07.028 Connor, 2011, Postmortem and imaging based analyses reveal CNS decreased myelination in restless legs syndrome, Sleep Medicine, 12, 614, 10.1016/j.sleep.2010.10.009 Deco, 2011, Emerging concepts for the dynamical organization of resting-state activity in the brain, Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 12, 43, 10.1038/nrn2961 Earley, 2006, MRI-determined regional brain iron concentrations in early- and late-onset restless legs syndrome, Sleep Medicine, 7, 458, 10.1016/j.sleep.2005.11.009 Earley, 2011, The dopamine transporter is decreased in the striatum of subjects with restless legs syndrome, Sleep, 34, 341, 10.1093/sleep/34.3.341 Earley, 2013, Increased synaptic dopamine in the putamen in restless legs syndrome, Sleep, 36, 51, 10.5665/sleep.2300 Eisensehr, 2001, Normal IPT and IBZM SPECT in drug-naive and levodopa-treated idiopathic restless legs syndrome, Neurology, 57, 1307, 10.1212/WNL.57.7.1307 Etgen, 2005, Bilateral thalamic gray matter changes in patients with restless legs syndrome, NeuroImage, 24, 1242, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.10.021 Ford, 2014, The role of D2-autoreceptors in regulating dopamine neuron activity and transmission, Neuroscience, 282, 13, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.025 Fulda, 2010, Short-term attention and verbal fluency is decreased in restless legs syndrome patients, Movement Disorders, 25, 2641, 10.1002/mds.23353 Gamaldo, 2008, A further evaluation of the cognitive deficits associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS), Sleep Medicine, 9, 500, 10.1016/j.sleep.2007.07.014 Godau, 2008, Multiregional brain iron deficiency in restless legs syndrome, Movement Disorders, 23, 1184, 10.1002/mds.22070 Godau, 2007, Substantia nigra hypoechogenicity: Definition and findings in restless legs syndrome, Movement Disorders, 22, 187, 10.1002/mds.21230 Godau, 2008, Sonographic abnormalities of brainstem structures in restless legs syndrome, Sleep Medicine, 9, 782, 10.1016/j.sleep.2007.09.001 Gorges, 2016, Patterns of increased intrinsic functional connectivity in patients with restless legs syndrome are associated with attentional control of sensory inputs, Neuroscience Letters, 617, 264, 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.043 Haacke, 2005, Imaging iron stores in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 23, 1, 10.1016/j.mri.2004.10.001 Hermesdorf, 2018, Lack of association between shape and volume of subcortical brain structures and restless legs syndrome, Frontiers in Neurology, 9, 355, 10.3389/fneur.2018.00355 Hornyak, 2010, Depressive disorders in restless legs syndrome: Epidemiology, pathophysiology and management, CNS Drugs, 24, 89, 10.2165/11317500-000000000-00000 Hornyak, 2007, Voxel-based morphometry in unmedicated patients with restless legs syndrome, Sleep Medicine, 9, 22, 10.1016/j.sleep.2006.09.010 Jhoo, 2010, Availability of brain serotonin transporters in patients with restless legs syndrome, Neurology, 74, 513, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181cef824 Karroum, 2012, Sensations in restless legs syndrome, Sleep Medicine, 13, 402, 10.1016/j.sleep.2011.01.021 Kim, 2012, Increased striatal dopamine transporter density in moderately severe old restless legs syndrome patients, European Journal of Neurology, 19, 1213, 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03705.x Knake, 2010, Normal regional brain iron concentration in restless legs syndrome measured by MRI, Nature and Science of Sleep, 2, 19 Ku, 2014, Functional connectivity alternation of the thalamus in restless legs syndrome patients during the asymptomatic period: A resting-state connectivity study using functional magnetic resonance imaging, Sleep Medicine, 15, 289, 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.09.030 Ku, 2016, Default mode network disturbances in restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease, Sleep Medicine, 23, 6, 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.05.007 Ku, 2018, Diurnal variation of default mode network in patients with restless legs syndrome, Sleep Medicine, 41, 1, 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.09.031 Lee, 2018, Involvement of the central somatosensory system in restless legs syndrome: A neuroimaging study, Neurology, 90, e1834, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005562 Li, 2016, Brain iron deficiency in idiopathic restless legs syndrome measured by quantitative magnetic susceptibility at 7 tesla, Sleep Medicine, 22, 75, 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.05.001 Lin, 2016, 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT as a potential neuroimaging biomarker in patients with restless legs syndrome, Clinical Nuclear Medicine, 41, e14, 10.1097/RLU.0000000000000916 Lindemann, 2016, Microstructure of the midbrain and cervical spinal cord in idiopathic restless legs syndrome: A diffusion tensor imaging study, Sleep, 39, 423, 10.5665/sleep.5456 Linke, 2004, Presynaptic dopaminergic function in patients with restless legs syndrome: Are there common features with early Parkinson's disease?, Movement Disorders, 19, 1158, 10.1002/mds.20226 Liu, 2015, Mapping intrinsic functional brain changes and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation neuromodulation in idiopathic restless legs syndrome: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study, Sleep Medicine, 16, 785, 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.12.029 Liu, 2018, Mapping the changed hubs and corresponding functional connectivity in idiopathic restless legs syndrome, Sleep Medicine, 45, 132, 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.12.016 Margariti, 2012, Investigation of unmedicated early onset restless legs syndrome by voxel-based morphometry, T2 relaxometry, and functional MR imaging during the night-time hours, AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 33, 667, 10.3174/ajnr.A2829 Michaud, 2002, SPECT imaging of striatal pre- and postsynaptic dopaminergic status in restless legs syndrome with periodic leg movements in sleep, Journal of Neurology, 249, 164, 10.1007/PL00007859 Moon, 2014, T2 relaxometry using 3.0-tesla magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in early- and late-onset restless legs syndrome, Journal of Clinical Neurology, 10, 197, 10.3988/jcn.2014.10.3.197 Moon, 2015, A comparison of MRI tissue relaxometry and ROI methods used to determine regional brain iron concentrations in restless legs syndrome, Medical Devices (Auckland, N.Z), 8, 341 Oboshi, 2012, In vivo mesolimbic D2/3 receptor binding predicts posttherapeutic clinical responses in restless legs syndrome: A positron emission tomography study, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 32, 654, 10.1038/jcbfm.2011.201 Ortiz, 2004, Effect of manipulation of iron storage, transport, or availability on myelin composition and brain iron content in three different animal models, Journal of Neuroscience Research, 77, 681, 10.1002/jnr.20207 Oz, 2014, Clinical proton MR spectroscopy in central nervous system disorders, Radiology, 270, 658, 10.1148/radiol.13130531 Pearson, 2006, Cognitive deficits associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS), Sleep Medicine, 7, 25, 10.1016/j.sleep.2005.05.006 Price, 2000, Psychological and neural mechanisms of the affective dimension of pain, Science, 288, 1769, 10.1126/science.288.5472.1769 Raichle, 2001, A default mode of brain function, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98, 676, 10.1073/pnas.98.2.676 Rizzo, 2013, Low brain iron content in idiopathic restless legs syndrome patients detected by phase imaging, Movement Disorders, 28, 1886, 10.1002/mds.25576 Rizzo, 2012, Combined brain voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging study in idiopathic restless legs syndrome patients, European Journal of Neurology, 19, 1045, 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03604.x Rizzo, 2012, Abnormal medial thalamic metabolism in patients with idiopathic restless legs syndrome, Brain, 135, 3712, 10.1093/brain/aws266 Ruottinen, 2000, An FDOPA PET study in patients with periodic limb movement disorder and restless legs syndrome, Neurology, 54, 502, 10.1212/WNL.54.2.502 Ruppert, 2017, Hyperdopaminergism in lenticulostriate stroke-related restless legs syndrome: An imaging study, Sleep Medicine, 30, 136, 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.02.011 Ryu, 2011, Sonographic abnormalities in idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) and RLS in Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 17, 201, 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.11.014 San Pedro, 1998, Familial painful restless legs syndrome correlates with pain dependent variation of blood flow to the caudate, thalamus, and anterior cingulate gyrus, The Journal of Rheumatology, 25, 2270 Schmidauer, 2005, Transcranial ultrasound shows nigral hypoechogenicity in restless legs syndrome, Annals of Neurology, 58, 630, 10.1002/ana.20572 Spiegelhalder, 2008, Cerebral correlates of muscle tone fluctuations in restless legs syndrome: A pilot study with combined functional magnetic resonance imaging and anterior tibial muscle electromyography, Sleep Medicine, 9, 177, 10.1016/j.sleep.2007.03.021 Staedt, 1993, Dopamine D2 receptor alteration in patients with periodic movements in sleep (nocturnal myoclonus), Journal of Neural Transmission. General Section, 93, 71, 10.1007/BF01244940 Staedt, 1995, Nocturnal myoclonus syndrome (periodic movements in sleep) related to central dopamine D2-receptor alteration, European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 245, 8, 10.1007/BF02191538 Staedt, 1995, Single photon emission tomography (SPET) imaging of dopamine D2 receptors in the course of dopamine replacement therapy in patients with nocturnal myoclonus syndrome (NMS), Journal of Neural Transmission. General Section, 99, 187, 10.1007/BF01271478 Trenkwalder, 2009, Recent advances in the diagnosis, genetics and treatment of restless legs syndrome, Journal of Neurology, 256, 539, 10.1007/s00415-009-0134-9 Trenkwalder, 2005, The restless legs syndrome, Lancet Neurology, 4, 465, 10.1016/S1474-4422(05)70139-3 Trenkwalder, 1999, Positron emission tomographic studies in restless legs syndrome, Movement Disorders, 14, 141, 10.1002/1531-8257(199901)14:1<141::AID-MDS1024>3.0.CO;2-B Tribl, 2002, Normal IPT and IBZM SPECT in drug naive and levodopa-treated idiopathic restless legs syndrome, Neurology, 59, 649, 10.1212/WNL.59.4.649 Turjanski, 1999, Striatal dopaminergic function in restless legs syndrome: 18F-dopa and 11C-raclopride PET studies, Neurology, 52, 932, 10.1212/WNL.52.5.932 Unrath, 2007, Cortical grey matter alterations in idiopathic restless legs syndrome: An optimized voxel-based morphometry study, Movement Disorders, 22, 1751, 10.1002/mds.21608 Unrath, 2008, Cerebral white matter alterations in idiopathic restless legs syndrome, as measured by diffusion tensor imaging, Movement Disorders, 23, 1250, 10.1002/mds.22074 von Spiczak, 2005, The role of opioids in restless legs syndrome: An [11C]diprenorphine PET study, Brain, 128, 906, 10.1093/brain/awh441 Walters, 1995, Toward a better definition of the restless legs syndrome. The international restless legs syndrome study group, Movement Disorders, 10, 634, 10.1002/mds.870100517 Walters, 2009, Review of the relationship of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements in sleep to hypertension, heart disease, and stroke, Sleep, 32, 589, 10.1093/sleep/32.5.589 Winkelman, 2014, Restless legs syndrome and central nervous system gamma-aminobutyric acid: Preliminary associations with periodic limb movements in sleep and restless leg syndrome symptom severity, Sleep Medicine, 15, 1225, 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.05.019 Winkelmann, 2005, “Anxietas tibiarum”. Depression and anxiety disorders in patients with restless legs syndrome, Journal of Neurology, 252, 67, 10.1007/s00415-005-0604-7 Yu, 1986, Effect of prenatal iron deficiency on myelination in rat pups, The American Journal of Pathology, 125, 620 Zhuo, 2017, Combined resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging study in patients with idiopathic restless legs syndrome, Sleep Medicine, 38, 96, 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.06.033 Zucconi, 2004, Epidemiology and clinical findings of restless legs syndrome, Sleep Medicine, 5, 293, 10.1016/j.sleep.2004.01.004 Connor, 2009, Altered dopaminergic profile in the putamen and substantia nigra in restless leg syndrome, Brain, 132, 2403, 10.1093/brain/awp125 Mrowka, 2005, Computerized movement analysis and beta-CIT-SPECT in patients with restless legs syndrome, Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna), 112, 693, 10.1007/s00702-004-0217-9