Neonatal hypothermia in low resource settings: a review

Journal of Perinatology - Tập 29 Số 6 - Trang 401-412 - 2009
Vishwajeet Kumar1,2, Jessica Shearer2, Aarti Kumar1, Gary L. Darmstadt2
1Clinical Epidemiology Unit, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
2Department of International Health, International Center for Advancing Neonatal Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Blatteis CM . Physiology and Pathophysiology of Temperature Regulation: World Scientific, Singapore, 1998.

Committee HAA . Committee Report: American Pediatrics: milestones at the Millennium. Pediatrics 2001; 107: 1482–1491.

Darmstadt GL, Kumar V, Yadav R, Singh V, Singh P, Mohanty S et al. Introduction of community-based skin-to-skin care in rural Uttar Pradesh, India. J Perinatol 2006; 26 (10): 597–604.

Lawn JE, Cousens S, Zupan J . 4 million neonatal deaths: when? Where? Why? Lancet 2005; 365 (9462): 891–900.

Darmstadt GL, Bhutta ZA, Cousens S, Adam T, Walker N, de Bernis L . Evidence-based, cost-effective interventions: how many newborn babies can we save? Lancet 2005; 365 (9463): 977–988.

World Health Organization. Mother-baby Package: Implementing Safe Motherhood in Countries. World Health Organization: Geneva, 1994.

WHO. Thermal Control of the Newborn: a Practical Guide. Maternal and Safe Motherhood Programme, Division of Family Health: Geneva, Switzerland, 1993.

Bang AT, Reddy HM, Deshmukh MD, Baitule SB, Bang RA . Neonatal and infant mortality in the ten years (1993 to 2003) of the Gadchiroli field trial: effect of home-based neonatal care. J Perinatol 2005; 25 (Suppl 1): S92–S107.

Kumar R, Aggarwal AK . Body temperatures of home delivered newborns in north India. Trop Doct 1998; 28 (3): 134–136.

Kaushik SL, Grover N, Parmar VR, Kaushik R, Gupta AK . Hypothermia in newborns at Shimla. Indian Pediatr 1998; 35 (7): 652–656.

Byaruhanga R, Bergstrom A, Okong P . Neonatal hypothermia in Uganda: prevalence and risk factors. J Trop Pediatr 2005; 51 (4): 212–215.

Nayeri F, Nili F . Hypothermia at birth and its associated complications in newborns: a follow up study. Iranian J Publ Health 2006; 35 (1): 48–52.

Anderson S, Shakya KN, Shrestha LN, Costello AM . Hypoglycaemia: a common problem among uncomplicated newborn infants in Nepal. J Trop Pediatr 1993; 39 (5): 273–277.

Bolam A, Manandhar DS, Shrestha P, Ellis M, Costello AM . The effects of postnatal health education for mothers on infant care and family planning practices in Nepal: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ 1998; 316 (7134): 805–811.

Jalil F . Perinatal health in Pakistan: a review of the current situation. Acta Paediatr 2004; 93 (10): 1273–1279.

Johanson RB, Malla DS, Tuladhar C, Amatya M, Spencer SA, Rolfe P . A survey of technology and temperature control on a neonatal unit in Kathmandu, Nepal. J Trop Pediatr 2001; 39 (1): 4–10.

Kambarami RA, Mutambirwa J, Maramba PP . Caregivers' perceptions and experiences of ‘kangaroo care’ in a developing country. Trop Doct 2002; 32 (3): 131–133.

Christensson K, Bhat GJ, Eriksson B, Shilalukey-Ngoma MP, Sterky G . The effect of routine hospital care on the health of hypothermic newborn infants in Zambia. J Trop Pediatr 1995; 41 (4): 210–214.

da Mota Silveira SM, Goncalves de Mello MJ, de Arruda Vidal S, de Frias PG, Cattaneo A . Hypothermia on admission: a risk factor for death in newborns referred to the Pernambuco Institute of Mother and Child Health. J Trop Pediatr 2003; 49 (2): 115–120.

Sarman I, Can G, Tunell R . Rewarming preterm infants on a heated, water filled mattress. BMJ 1989; 64 (5): 687.

Singh M, Rao G, Malhotra AK, Deorari AK . Assessment of newborn baby's temperature by human touch: a potentially useful primary care strategy. Indian Pediatr 1992; 29 (4): 449–452.

Kumar R, Aggarwal AK . Accuracy of maternal perception of neonatal temperature. Indian Pediatr 1996; 33 (7): 583–585.

Kennedy N, Gondwe L, Morley DC . Temperature monitoring with ThermoSpots in Malawi. Lancet 2000; 355 (9212): 1364.

Green DA, Kumar A, Khanna R . Neonatal hypothermia detection by ThermoSpot in Indian urban slum dwellings. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2006; 91 (2): F96–F98.

Agarwal S, Sethi V, Pandey RM, Kondal D . Human touch vs axillary digital thermometry for detection of neonatal hypothermia at community level. J Trop Pediatr 2007; 54 (3): 200–201.

Adamsons KJ, Towell ME . Thermal homeostasis in the fetus and newborn. Anesthesiology 1965; 26: 531–548.

Power G, Schroder H, Gilbert R . Measurement of fetal heat production using differential calorimetry. J Appl Physiol 1984; 57: 917.

Ryser G, Jequier E . Study by direct calorimetry of thermal balance on the first day of life. Eur J Clin Nutr 1972; 2: 176.

Morishma H, Yeh M, Neimann W, James LS . Temperature gradient between fetus and mother as an index for assessing intrauterine fetal condition. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977; 129: 443.

Power G . Perinatal Thermal Physiology In: Polin R, Fox R (eds). Fetal and Neonatal Physiology. W.B. Saunders Company: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106, 1998, pp 671–676.

Sinclair JC . Management of thermal environment In: Sinclair JC, Bracken M (eds). Effective Care of the Newborn Infant. Oxford university Press: New York, 1992, pp 41.

WHO. Thermal Protection of the Newborn: a Practical Guide. Maternal health and safe motherhood programme (WHO/FHE/MSM/97.2): Geneva, 1997.

Alexander G, Williams D . Shivering and Non-shivering thermogenesis during summit metabolism in young lambs. J Physiol 1968; 198: 251.

Dahm LS, James LS . Newborn temperature and calculated heat loss in the delivery room. Pediatrics 1972; 49 (4): 504–513.

Fanarhoff A, Wald M, Gruber H, Kalaus M . Insensible water loss in low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 1972; 50: 236–245.

Wu P, Hodgman J . Insensible water loss in preterm infants:changes with postnatal development and non-ionizing radiation. Pediatrics 1974; 54: 704–712.

Rutter N, Hull D . Water loss from the skin of term and preterm infants. Arch Dis Child 1979; 54: 858–868.

Hammarlund K, Sedin G . Transepidermal water loss in newborn infants. III. Relation to gestational age. Acta Pediatr Scand 1979; 68: 795–801.

Rutter N, Hull D . Reduction of skin water loss in the newborn. I. Effect of applying topical agents. Arch Dis Child 1981; 56: 669–672.

Scopes JW, Ahmed I . Indirect assessment of oxygen requirements in newborn babies by monitoring deep body temperature. Arch Dis Child 1966; 41 (215): 25–33.

Hill JR, Rahimtulla KA . Heat balance and the metabolic rate of new-born babies in relation to environmental temperature; and the effect of age and of weight on basal metabolic rate. J Physiol 1965; 180 (2): 239–265.

Hey EN, Katz G . Temporary loss of a metabolic response to cold stress in infants of low birthweight. Arch Dis Child 1969; 44 (235): 323–330.

Sinclair JC, Silverman W . Intrauterine growth in active tissue mass of the human fetus, with particular reference to the undergrown baby. Pediatrics 1966; 38: 48–62.

Stothers JK, Warner RM . Effect of feeding on neonatal oxygen consumption. Arch Dis Child 1979; 54 (6): 415–420.

Dagan R, Gorodischer R . Infections in hypothermic infants younger than 3 months old. Am J Dis Child 1984; 138 (5): 483–485.

Hey E . Thermal Neutrality. Br Med Bull 2001; 31 (1): 69–74.

Baqui AH, Williams EK, Darmstadt GL, Kumar V, Kiran TU, Panwar D et al. Newborn care in rural Uttar Pradesh. Indian J Pediatr 2007; 74 (3): 241–247.

United Nations Children's Fund and World Health Organization. Low Birthweight: Country, Regional and Global Estimates. UNICEF: New York, 2004.

Grether W . Human performance at elevated environmental temperatures. Aerospace Med 1973; 44: 747.

El-Radhi AS, Jawad M, Mansor N, Jamil I, Ibrahim M . Sepsis and hypothermia in the newborn infant: value of gastric aspirate examination. J Pediatr 1983; 103 (2): 300–302.

El-Radhi AS, Jawad MH, Mansor N, Ibrahim M, Jamil II . Infection in neonatal hypothermia. Arch Dis Child 1983; 58 (2): 143–145.

Zeb A, Darmstadt GL . Sclerema neonatorum: a review of nomenclature, clinical presentation, histological features, differential diagnoses and management. J Perinatol 2008; 28 (7): 453–460 (e-pub ahead of print) PMID: 18368059.

Paller A, Mancini A . Hurwitz Clinical Pediatric Dermatology. 3rd ed. Elsevier: Philadelphia, 2006.

Ji XC, Zhu CY, Pang RY . Epidemiological study on hypothermia in newborns. Chin Med J (Engl) 1993; 106 (6): 428–432.

Darmstadt GL, Kanzler MH . Pathological case of the month. Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994; 148 (1): 61–62.

Tafari N, Olsson EE . Neonatal cold injury in the tropics. Ethiop Med J 1973; 11 (1): 57–65.

Christensson K, Ransjo-Arvidson AB, Kakoma C, Lungu F, Darkwah G, Chikamata D et al. Midwifery care routines and prevention of heat loss in the newborn: a study in Zambia. J Trop Pediatr 1988; 34 (5): 208–212.

Bergstrom A, Byaruhanga R, Okong P . The impact of newborn bathing on the prevalence of neonatal hypothermia in Uganda: a randomized, controlled trial. Acta Paediatr 2005; 94 (10): 1462–1467.

Zayeri F, Kazemnejad A, Ganjali M, Babaei G, Nayeri F . Incidence and risk factors of neonatal hypothermia at referral hospitals in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J 2007; 13 (6): 1308–1318.

Zayeri F, Kazemnejad A, Ganjali M, Babaei G, Khanafshar N, Nayeri F . Hypothermia in Iranian newborns. Incidence, risk factors and related complications. Saudi Med J 2005; 26 (9): 1367–1371.

Iyengar SD, Bhakoo ON . Prevention of neonatal hypothermia in Himalayan villages. Role of the domiciliary caretaker. Trop Geogr Med 1991; 43 (3): 293–296.

Briend A, de Schampheleire I . Neonatal hypothermia in West Africa. Lancet 1981; 1 (8224): 846–847.

Manji KP, Massawe AW, Mgone JM . Birthweight and neonatal outcome at the Muhimbili Medical Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. East Afr Med J 1998; 75 (7): 382–387.

Osrin D, Tumbahangphe KM, Shrestha D, Mesko N, Shrestha BP, Manandhar MK et al. Cross sectional, community based study of care of newborn infants in Nepal. BMJ 2002; 325 (7372): 1063.

Cheah FC, Boo NY . Risk factors associated with neonatal hypothermia during cleaning of newborn infants in labour rooms. J Trop Pediatr 2000; 46 (1): 46–50.

Maimbolwa MC, Yamba B, Diwan V, Ransjo-Arvidson AB . Cultural childbirth practices and beliefs in Zambia. J Adv Nurs 2003; 43 (3): 263–274.

Winch PJ, Alam MA, Akther A, Afroz D, Ali NA, Ellis AA et al. Local understandings of vulnerability and protection during the neonatal period in Sylhet District, Bangladesh: a qualitative study. Lancet 2005; 366 (9484): 478–485.

Mullany LC, Darmstadt GL, Khatry SK, Tielsch JM . Traditional massage of newborns in Nepal: implications for trials of improved practice. J Trop Pediatr 2005; 51 (2): 82–86.

Darmstadt GL, Mao-Qiang M, Chi E, Saha SK, Ziboh VA, Black RE et al. Impact of topical oils on the skin barrier: possible implications for neonatal health in developing countries. Acta Paediatr 2002; 91 (5): 546–554.

Daga AS, Daga SR, Patole SK . Determinants of death among admissions to intensive care unit for newborns. J Trop Pediatr 1991; 37 (2): 53–56.

da Mota Silveira SM, de Mello MJG, de Arruda Vidal S, de Frias PG, Cattaneo A . Hypothermia on admission: a risk factor for death in newborns referred to the Pernambuco Institute of Mother and Child Health. J Trop Pediatr 2003; 49 (2): 115–120.

Owa JA, Osinaike AI, Costello AM . Charging for health services in developing countries. Lancet 1992; 340 (8821): 732.

Costello A, Manandhar D . Improving Newborn Infant Health in Developing Countries. Imperial College Press, London, 2000.

Darmstadt GL, Kumar V, Yadav R, Shearer JC, Awasthi S, Singh J et al. Community perceptions of birth weight in rural Uttar Pradesh, India: implications for care of low birth weight infants. J Perinatol 2008; 28: S53–S60.

Macro International Inc.. MEASURE DHS STATcompiler, 2008.

Darmstadt GL, Kumar V, Shearer JC, Misra R, Mohanty S, Baqui AH et al. Validation of accuracy and community acceptance of the BIRTHweigh III scale for categorizing newborn weight in rural India. J Perinatol 2007; 27 (10): 602–608.

Khadduri R, Marsh DR, Rasmussen B, Bari A, Nazir R, Darmstadt GL . Household knowledge and practices of newborn and maternal health in Haripur district, Pakistan. J Perinatol 2008; 28 (3): 182–187.

Fikree FF, Ali TS, Durocher JM, Rahbar MH . Newborn care practices in low socioeconomic settlements of Karachi, Pakistan. Soc Sci Med 2005; 60 (5): 911–921.

Darmstadt GL, Dinulos JG . Neonatal skin care. Pediatr Clin North Am 2000; 47 (4): 757–782.

Darmstadt GL, Saha SK . Traditional practice of oil massage of neonates in Bangladesh. J Health Popul Nutr 2002; 20 (2): 184–188.

Darmstadt GL, Badrawi N, Law PA, Ahmed S, Bashir M, Iskander I et al. Topically applied sunflower seed oil prevents invasive bacterial infections in preterm infants in Egypt: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004; 23 (8): 719–725.

Darmstadt GL, Saha SK, Ahmed AS, Ahmed S, Chowdhury MA, Law PA et al. Effect of skin barrier therapy on neonatal mortality rates in preterm infants in Bangladesh: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial. Pediatrics 2008; 121 (3): 522–529.

Okolo SN, Adewunmi YB, Okonji MC . Current breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, and practices of mothers in five rural communities in the Savannah region of Nigeria. J Trop Pediatr 1999; 45 (6): 323–326.

Choudhary SP, Bajaj RK, Gupta RK . Knowledge, attitude and practices about neonatal hypothermia among medical and paramedical staff. Indian J Pediatr 2000; 67 (7): 491–496.

Dragovich D, Tamburlini G, Alisjahbana A, Kambarami R, Karagulova J, Lincetto O et al. Thermal control of the newborn: knowledge and practice of health professional in seven countries. Acta Paediatr 1997; 86 (6): 645–650.

Teng CL, Ng CJ, Nik-Sherina H, Zailinawati AH, Tong SF . The accuracy of mother's touch to detect fever in children: a Systematic Review. J Trop Pediatr 2008; 54 (1): 70.

Kumar V, Mohanty S, Kumar A, Misra RP, Santosham M, Awasthi S et al. Effect of community-based behaviour change management on neonatal mortality in Shivgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008; 372 (9644): 1151–1162.

Beck D, Gagnes F, Goldman S, Long P . Care of the Newborn Reference Manual. Save the Children: Washington, DC, 2004.

Bergman NJ, Linley LL, Fawcus SR . Randomized controlled trial of skin-to-skin contact from birth versus conventional incubator for physiological stabilization in 1200- to 2199-gram newborns. Acta Paediatr 2004; 93 (6): 779–785.

Christensson K, Bhat GJ, Amadi BC, Eriksson B, Hojer B . Randomised study of skin-to-skin versus incubator care for rewarming low-risk hypothermic neonates. Lancet 1998; 352 (9134): 1115.

Ibe OE, Austin T, Sullivan K, Fabanwo O, Disu E, Costello AM . A comparison of kangaroo mother care and conventional incubator care for thermal regulation of infants <2000 g in Nigeria using continuous ambulatory temperature monitoring. Ann Trop Paediatr 2004; 24 (3): 245–251.

Ludington-Hoe SM, Nguyen N, Swinth JY, Satyshur RD . Kangaroo care compared to incubators in maintaining body warmth in preterm infants. Biol Res Nurs 2000; 2 (1): 60–73.

Sontheimer D, Fischer CB, Buch KE . Kangaroo transport instead of incubator transport. Pediatrics 2004; 113 (4): 920–923.

Quasem I, Sloan NL, Chowdhury A, Ahmed S, Winikoff B, Chowdhury AM . Adaptation of kangaroo mother care for community-based application. J Perinatol 2003; 23 (8): 646–651.

Lang N, Bromiker R, Arad I . The effect of wool vs cotton head covering and length of stay with the mother following delivery on infant temperature. Int J Nurs Stud 2004; 41 (8): 843–846.

van Sleuwen BE, Engelberts AC, Boere-Boonekamp MM, Kuis W, Schulpen TWJ, L'Hoir MP . Swaddling: a Systematic Review. Pediatrics 2007; 120 (4): e1097–e1106.

Rey E, Martinez H . Manejo racional del nino prematuro. Curso de Medicina Fetal. Universiadad Nacional: Bogota, Colombia, 1983.

Huffman SL, Zehner ER, Victora C . Can improvements in breast-feeding practices reduce neonatal mortality in developing countries? Midwifery 2001; 17 (2): 80–92.

van den Bosch CA, Bullough CH . Effect of early suckling on term neonates' core body temperature. Ann Trop Paediatr 1990; 10 (4): 347–353.

McCall EM, Alderdice FA, Halliday HL, Jenkins JG, Vohra S . Interventions to prevent hypothermia at birth in preterm and/or low birthweight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; (1): CD004210.

Fernandez A, Patkar S, Chawla C, Taskar T, Prabhu SV . Oil application in preterm babies—a source of warmth and nutrition. Indian Pediatr 1987; 24 (12): 1111–1116.

Lefevre A, Shilcutt S, Saha S, Ahmed N, Ahmed S, Chowdhury A et al. Cost effectiveness of skin barrier enhancing emollients to prevent infection and death among preterm neonates in Bangladesh. Bull World Health Organ; in press.