Neglected and Underutilized Plant Species (NUS) from the Apulia Region Worthy of Being Rescued and Re-Included in Daily Diet

Slow Food (2021, May 25). The New EU Biodiversity strategy: The Most Important Questions Answered. Available online: https://www.slowfood.com/the-new-eu-biodiversity-strategy-the-most-important-questions-answered/.

Renna, M., Montesano, F.F., Signore, A., Gonnela, M., and Santamaria, P. (2018). BiodiverSO: A case study of integrated project to preserve the biodiversity of vegetable crops in Puglia (Southern Italy). Agriculture, 8.

Laghetti, 2018, Genetic resources of vegetable crops and their safeguarding in Italy, Hort. Int. J., 2, 72

Stamp, 2012, Competitive underutilized crops will depend on the state funding of breeding programmes: An opinion on the example of Europe, Plant Breed., 131, 461, 10.1111/j.1439-0523.2012.01990.x

Ochatt, S., and Jain, S.M. (2007). Breeding of Neglected and Under-Utilized Crops, Spices and Herbs, Science Publishers Inc.

Ebert, 2014, Potential of underutilized traditional vegetables and legumes crops to contribute to food and nutritional security, income and more sustainable production systems, Sustainability, 6, 319, 10.3390/su6010319

Padulosi, S., Thompson, J., and Rudebjer, P. (2013). Fighting Poverty, Hunger and Malnutrition with Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS): Needs, Challenges and the Way Forward, Bioversity International.

Semeraro, T., Scarano, A., Buccolieri, R., Santino, A., and Aarrevaara, E. (2021). Planning of urban green spaces: An ecological perspective on human benefits. Land, 10.

Frison, 2011, Agricultural biodiversity is essential for a sustainable improvement in food and nutrition security, Sustainability, 3, 238, 10.3390/su3010238

Jackson, 2007, Utilizing and conserving agrobiodiversity in agricultural landscapes, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 121, 196, 10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.017

McCouch, 2013, Feeding the future, Nature, 499, 23, 10.1038/499023a

Scarano, 2020, Selection of tomato landraces with high fruit yield and nutritional quality under elevated temperatures, J. Sci. Food Agric., 100, 2791, 10.1002/jsfa.10312

Zhang, 2004, Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant properties in different tissues of carrots (Daucus carota L.), J. Food Agric. Environ., 2, 95

Sharma, 2012, Chemical composition, functional properties and processing of carrot—A review, J. Food Sci. Technol., 49, 22, 10.1007/s13197-011-0310-7

Arscott, 2010, Carrots of many colors provide basic nutrition and bioavailable phytochemicals acting as a functional food, Comp. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf., 9, 223, 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2009.00103.x

Cefola, 2012, Compositional analysis and antioxidant profile of yellow, orange and purple Polignano carrots, Ital. J. Food Sci., 24, 284

Blando, F., Marchello, S., Maiorano, G., Durante, M., Signore, A., Laus, M.N., Soccio, M., and Mita, G. (2021). Bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in anthocyanin-rich carrots: A comparison between the black carrot and the Apulian landrace “Polignano” carrot. Plants, 10.

Elia, 2013, Biodiversity in vegetable crops, a heritage to save: The case of Puglia region, Ital. J. Agron., 8, 4, 10.4081/ija.2013.e4

Signore, 2018, Preliminary evidences of biofortification with iodine of “Carota di Polignano”, an Italian carrot landrace, Front. Plant Sci., 9, 170, 10.3389/fpls.2018.00170

Scarano, A., Gerardi, C., D’Amico, L., Accogli, R., and Santino, A. (2018). Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant properties of colored Tiggiano carrots. Agriculture, 8.

Renna, 2014, The yellow-purple Polignano carrot (Daucus carota L.): A multicolored landrace from the Puglia region (Southern Italy) at risk of genetic erosion, Gen. Res. Crop. Evol., 61, 1611, 10.1007/s10722-014-0155-9

Sun, 2009, Antioxidant phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of biofortified carrots (Daucus carota L.) of various colors, J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 4142, 10.1021/jf9001044

Blando, F., Calabriso, N., Berland, H., Maiorano, G., Gerardi, C., Carluccio, M.A., and Andersen, Ø.M. (2018). Radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities of representative anthocyanin groupings from pigment-rich fruits and vegetables. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.

Scarano, A., Chieppa, M., and Santino, A. (2020). Plant polyphenols-biofortified foods as a novel tool for the prevention of human gut diseases. Antioxidants, 9.

Hassan, S.M., Abshour, M., Soliman, A.A.F., Hassanien, H.A., Alsanie, W.F., Gaber, A., and Elshobary, M. (2021). The potential of a new commercial seaweed extract in stimulating morpho-agronomic and bioactive properties of Eruca sativa (L.) Cav. Sustainability, 13.

Padulosi, S., and Pignone, D. (1996, January 13–14). Rocket: A Mediterranean crop for the world—Report of a workshop. Proceedings of the Project of Underutilized Mediterranean Species, Padova, Italy.

Cannata, 2013, Effects of Cadmium and Lead on Plant Growth and Content of Heavy Metals in Arugula Cultivated in Nutritive Solution, Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 44, 952, 10.1080/00103624.2012.747604

Bonasia, 2017, Nutritional, Biophysical and Physiological Characteristics of Wild Rocket Genotypes As Affected by Soilless Cultivation System, Salinity Level of Nutrient Solution and Growing Period, Front. Plant Sci., 8, 300, 10.3389/fpls.2017.00300

Shaker, 2005, Deposition of heavy metals on green leafy vegetables sold on roadsides of Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 75, 1020, 10.1007/s00128-005-0851-4

Ali, 2012, Assessment of some heavy metals in vegetables, cereals and fruits in Saudi Arabia markets, Egypt. J. Acq. Res., 38, 31, 10.1016/j.ejar.2012.08.002

Bantis, F., Kaponas, C., Charalambous, C., and Koukounaras, A. (2021). Strategic successive harvesting of rocket and spinach baby leaves enhanced their quality and production efficiency. Agriculture, 11.

Rani, 2010, Antimicrobial potential of seed extract of Eruca sativa, Pakistan J. Bot., 42, 2949

Font, 2012, In vivo biological activity of rocket extracts (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa (Miller) Thell) and sulforaphane, Food Chem. Toxicol., 50, 1384, 10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.017

Michael, 2011, Studies on the chemical constituents of fresh leaf of Eruca sativa extract and its biological activity as anticancer agent in vitro, J. Med. Plants Res., 5, 1184

(2021, May 25). BiodiverSO. Available online: https://biodiversitapuglia.it.

Matev, 2018, Antioxidant activity and mineral content of rocket (Eruca sativa) plant from Italian and Bulgarian origins, J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Food Sci., 8, 756, 10.15414/jmbfs.2018.8.2.756-759

Durazzo, 2013, Italian wild rocket [Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.]: Influence of agricultural practices on antioxidant molecules and on cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects, Agriculture, 3, 285, 10.3390/agriculture3020285

Ban, 2011, Carotenoid and chlorophyll composition of commonly consumed leafy vegetables in Mediterranean countries, Food Chem., 129, 1164, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.097

Li, Z., Lee, H.W., Liang, X., Liang, D., Wang, Q., Huang, D., and Ong, C.N. (2018). Profiling of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of 12 cruciferous vegetables. Molecules, 23.

Pardossi, 2008, Phenolic compounds and antioxidant power in minimally processed salad, J. Food Biochem., 32, 642, 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2008.00188.x

Marchioni, I., Martinelli, M., Ascrizzi, R., Gabbrielli, C., Flamini, G., Pistelli, L., and Pistelli, L. (2021). Small functional foods: Comparative phytochemical and nutritional analyses of five microgreens of the Brassicaceae family. Foods, 10.

Mieszczakowska-Frąc, M., Celejewska, K., and Płocharski, W. (2021). Impact of innovative technologies on the content of Vitamin C and its bioavailability from processed fruit and vegetable products. Antioxidants, 10.

Patel, 2016, Salicornia: Evaluating the halophytic extremophile as a food and a pharmaceutical candidate, 3Biotech, 6, 104

Loconsole, D., Cristiano, G., and De Lucia, B. (2018). Glassworts: From wild salt marsh species to sustainable edible crops. Agriculture, 9.

Urbano, M., Tomaselli, V., Bisignano, V., Veronico, G., Hammer, K., and Laghetti, G. (2017). Salicornia patula Duval-Jouve: From gathering of wild plants to some attempts of cultivation in Apulia region (Southern Italy). Genet. Resour. Crop. Evol.

Lopes, 2017, Sodium reduction in bread: A role for glasswort (Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods), Compreh. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf., 16, 1056, 10.1111/1541-4337.12277

Gupta, 2014, An overview of Salicornia gnus: The phytochemical and pharmacological profile, Natural Products: Research Reviews, Volume 2, 145

Kim, S., Lee, E.-Y., Hillman, P.F., Ko, J., Yang, I., and Nam, S.-J. (2021). Chemical strucutre and biological activities of secondary metabolites from Salicornia europea L.. Molecules, 26.

Gouda, 2016, Glasswort (Salicornia spp.) as a source of bioactive compounds and its health benefits: A review, Alex. J. Food Sci. Technol., 13, 1

Essaidi, 2013, Phytochemical investigation of Tunisian Salicornia herbacea L., antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytochrome P450 (CYPs) inhibitory activities of its methanol extract, Food Control, 32, 125, 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.11.006

Sánchez-Gavilán, I., Ramírez, E., and de la Fuente, V. (2021). Bioactive compounds in Salicornia patula Duval-Jouve: A mediterranean edible euhalophyte. Foods, 10.

Ventura, 2011, Effect of seawater concentration on the productivity and nutritional value of annual Salicornia and perennial Sarcocornia halophytes as leafy vegetable crops, Sci. Hortic., 128, 189, 10.1016/j.scienta.2011.02.001

Cho, J.-Y., Kim, J.Y., Lee, Y.G., Lee, H.J., Shim, H.J., Lee, J.H., Kim, S.-J., Ham, K.-S., and Moon, J.-H. (2016). Four new dicaffeoylquinic acid derivatives from glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.) and their antioxidative activity. Molecules, 21.

Maltez, 2014, Nutrient composition and, identification/quantification of major phenolic compounds in Sarcocornia ambigua (Amaranthaceae) using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, Food Res. Int., 55, 404, 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.11.036

Matthews, 1993, The biologiy and taxonomy of the Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulaceae) complex in North America, Rhodora, 95, 166

Danin, A., Bundrini, F., Bandini Mazzanti, M., Bosi, G., Caria, M.C., Dandria, D., Lanfranco, E., Mifsud, S., and Bagella, S. (2016). Diversification of Portulaca oleracea L. complex in the Italian peninsula and adjacent islands. Bot. Lett.

Galasso, 2018, An updated checklist of the vascular flora alien to Italy, Plant Biosyst., 152, 556, 10.1080/11263504.2018.1441197

(2021, May 25). BiodiverSO. Available online: https://biodiversitapuglia.it/fbpost/la-portulaca-portulaca-oleracea-l-e-una-pianta-spontanea-molto-comune-in-orti-e-campi-dove-e-con/.

Petropoulos, S.A., Fernandes, Â., Dias, M.I., Vasilakoglou, I.B., Petrotos, K., Barros, L., and Ferreirs, I.C.F.R. (2019). Nutritional value, chemical composition and cytotoxic properties of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) in relation to harvesting stage and plant part. Antioxidants, 8.

Uddin, 2012, Evaluation of antioxidant properties and mineral composition of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) at different growth stages, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 13, 10257, 10.3390/ijms130810257

Erkan, 2012, Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of fractions from Portulaca oleracea L., Food Chem., 133, 775, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.091

Silva, 2014, In vitro antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds and protective effect against DNA damage provided by leaves, stems and flowers of Portulaca oleracea (purslane), Nat. Prod. Comm., 9, 45

Alam, M.A., Juraimi, A.S., Rafii, M.Y., Hamid, A.A., Aslani, F., Hasan, M.M., Zainudin, M.A.M., and Uddin, M.K. (2014). Evaluation of antioxidant compounds, antioxidant activities, and mineral composition of 13 collected purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) accessions. BioMed Res. Int.

Di Cagno, R., Filannino, P., Vincentini, O., Cantatore, V., Cavoski, I., and Gobbetti, M. (2018). Fermented Portulaca oleracea L. juice: A novel functional beverage with potential ameliorating effects on the intestinal inflammation and epithelial injury. Nutrients, 11.

Dewanti, 2021, Analysis of ascrobic acid content (vitamin C) of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) at various altitudes in East Java, Indonesia, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., 637, 012074, 10.1088/1755-1315/637/1/012074

Adinolfi, 1987, Glycosides from Muscari comosum. 7. Structure of three novel muscarosides, Can. J. Chem., 65, 2317, 10.1139/v87-387

Renna, M., Rinaldi, V.A., and Gonnella, M. (2014). The Mediterranean diet bewteen traditional foods and human health: The culinary example of Puglia (Southern Italy). Int. J. Gastron. Food Sci.

Motti, 2009, Traditional plant use in the Phlegraean Fields Regional Park (Campania, Southern Italy), Hum. Ecol., 37, 775, 10.1007/s10745-009-9254-1

Marrelli, 2017, Investigation of the potential health benefits as lipase inhibitor and antioxidant of Leopoldia comosa (L.) Parl.: Variability of chemical composition of wild and cultivated bulbs, Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., 72, 274, 10.1007/s11130-017-0618-1

Loizzo, 2010, Chelating, antioxidant and hypoglycaemic potential of Muscari comosum (L.) Mill. Bulb extracts, Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 61, 780, 10.3109/09637486.2010.482521

Casacchia, 2017, Antioxidant, enzyme-inhibitory and antitumor activity of the wild dietary plant Muscari comosum (L.) Mill, Int. J. Plant. Biol., 8, 6895, 10.4081/pb.2017.6895

Casacchia, 2019, Leopoldia comosa prevents metabolic disorders in rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity, Eur. J. Nutr., 58, 965, 10.1007/s00394-018-1609-1

Sulas, 2016, Chemical and productive properties of two Sardinian milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) populations as sources of nutrients and antioxidants, Genet. Resour. Crop. Evol., 63, 315, 10.1007/s10722-015-0251-5

Bijak, M. (2017). Silybin, a major bioactive component of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaernt.)—Chemistry, bioavailability, and metabolism. Molecules, 22.

Martinelli, 2021, In Silybum marianum Italian wild populations the variability of silymarin profiles results from the combination of only two stable chemotypes, Fitoterapia, 148, 104797, 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104797

Abenavoli, 2010, Milk thistle in liver diseases: Past, present, future, Phytother. Res., 24, 1423, 10.1002/ptr.3207

Kren, 2005, Silybin and silymarin—New effects and applications, Biomed. Pap. Med. Fac. Univ. Palacky Olomouc Czechoslov. Repub., 149, 29, 10.5507/bp.2005.002

Lee, 2007, Analysis and comparison of active constituents in commercial standardized silymarin extracts by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 845, 9, 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.07.063

Porwal, 2019, Silybum marianum (milk thistle): Review on its chemistry, morphology, ethno medical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities, J. Drug Deliv. Therap., 9, 199, 10.22270/jddt.v9i5.3666

Le, 2018, Phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities of Silybum marianum (milk thistle): A critical review, Am. J. Ess. Oils Nat. Prod., 6, 41

Chambers, 2017, The silymarin composition…and why does it matter?, Food Res. Int., 100, 339, 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.017

Aghazadeh, 2011, Anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of Silybum marianum in treatment of experimental steatohepatitis, Exp. Toxicol. Pathol., 63, 569, 10.1016/j.etp.2010.04.009

Doehmer, 2011, Assessment of a dry extract from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) for interference with human liver cytochrome-p450 activities, Toxicol. Vitr., 25, 21, 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.09.001

Aziz, 2021, Biochemical profile of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) with special reference to silymarin content, Food Sci. Nutr., 9, 244, 10.1002/fsn3.1990

Elwekeel, 2013, Silymarin content in Silybum marianum fruits at different maturity stages, J. Med. Plants Res., 7, 1665