Hành trình sử dụng ma túy, ngừng sử dụng và phục hồi: một nghiên cứu hồi cứu từ hồ sơ của những người thuộc nhóm thiểu số giới tính tại dịch vụ cộng đồng ở Singapore

Tzy Hyi Wah1, Albert Ong1, Kuhanesan N. C. Naidu1, Syaza Hanafi1, Kelvin Bryan Tan1, Alaric Tan1, Thida Ong1, Eleanor Ong1, Daniel Chi Wing Ho1, Mythily Subramaniam1, Maha Yewtuck See1, Rayner Kay Jin Tan2
1The Greenhouse Community Services Limited, Singapore, Singapore
2Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, MD1 Tahir Foundation Building #10-01, Singapore, Singapore

Tóm tắt

Tóm tắt Nền tảng Tại Singapore, nơi việc sử dụng ma túy bị kỳ thị và hình sự hóa rất cao, có sự hiểu biết hạn chế về những thách thức mà cá nhân, đặc biệt là nam giới thuộc nhóm thiểu số giới tính, phải đối mặt trong hành trình phục hồi từ sự phụ thuộc hoặc nghiện chất. Nghiên cứu định tính này nhằm điều tra các yếu tố thúc đẩy việc sử dụng ma túy, các yếu tố góp phần vào việc ngừng sử dụng ma túy, và các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến quá trình phục hồi. Phương pháp Dữ liệu đã được khai thác từ hồ sơ lâm sàng do Dịch vụ Cộng đồng The Greenhouse cung cấp từ tháng 1 năm 2020 đến tháng 5 năm 2022. Những hồ sơ này bao gồm thông tin từ bốn biểu mẫu khác nhau: đánh giá tiếp nhận, ghi chép tiến trình, tóm tắt việc đóng hồ sơ, và đánh giá kế hoạch chăm sóc. Phân tích chủ đề được sử dụng để xác định và phân loại các chủ đề tái diễn trong dữ liệu. Kết quả Dữ liệu từ các đối tượng thụ hưởng (n = 125) đã được phân tích và thu được một loạt các chủ đề liên quan đến các yếu tố hỗ trợ việc sử dụng ma túy, động lực để ngừng sử dụng ma túy, và quản lý quá trình phục hồi của bản thân. Trong các yếu tố hỗ trợ việc sử dụng ma túy, hai tiểu chủ đề đã được xác định: (a) xử lý chấn thương và kích thích, và (b) quản lý cảm xúc. Ngoài ra, việc quản lý quá trình phục hồi của bản thân được đánh dấu bởi bốn tiểu chủ đề quan trọng: (a) khám phá bản sắc cá nhân, (b) mất động lực và ý chí, (c) vượt qua rào cản, và (d) chuẩn bị cho giai đoạn chăm sóc sau điều trị. Kết luận Nghiên cứu góp phần cung cấp những hiểu biết quý giá về động lực của việc quản lý phục hồi liên tục, mở ra các hướng can thiệp có thể nâng cao hỗ trợ cho các cá nhân trong hành trình vượt qua sự phụ thuộc vào chất. Nâng cao giáo dục tâm lý và khuyến khích hỗ trợ từ đồng trang lứa có tiềm năng làm thuận lợi cho quá trình phục hồi. Rõ ràng rằng cần có một cách tiếp cận toàn diện để giải quyết những vấn đề phức tạp này mà cắt ngang qua các xã hội của chúng ta.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Ashford RD, Brown A, Ryding R, Curtis B. Building recovery ready communities: the recovery ready ecosystem model and community framework. Addict ResTheory. 2020;28(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2019.1571191.

Banja JD. Alcohol and drug testing of health professionals following preventable adverse events: a bad idea. Am J Bioeth. 2014;14(12):25–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2014.964873.

Batchelder A, Foley JD, Wirtz MR, Mayer KH, O’Cleirigh C. Substance use stigma, avoidance coping, and missed HIV appointments among MSM who use substances. AIDS Behav. 2020;25(5):1454–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-02982-3.

Berger R. Now I see it, now I don’t: researcher’s position and reflexivity in qualitative research. Qual Res. 2013;15(2):219–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794112468475.

Birtel MD, Wood L, Kempa NJ. Stigma and social support in substance abuse: Implications for mental health and well-being. Psychiatry Res. 2017;252:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.097.

Booth BM, Russell DW, Soucek S, Laughlin PR. Social support and outcome of alcoholism treatment: an exploratory analysis. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1992;18(1):87–101. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952999209001614.

Borkman T, Stunz A, Kaskutas LA. Developing an experiential definition of recovery: participatory research with recovering substance abusers from multiple pathways. Subst Use Misuse. 2016;51(9):1116–29. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2016.1160119.

Braun V, & Clarke V.Successful qualitative research: A Practical Guide for Beginners. SAGE. 2013.

Brown B. Atlas of the Heart: Mapping Meaningful Connection and the Language of Human Experience. Random House. 2021.

Browne T, Priester MA, Clone S, Iachini AL, DeHart D, Hock R. Barriers and facilitators to Substance use treatment in the Rural South: a Qualitative study. J Rural Health. 2015;32(1):92–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12129.

Brunelle N, Bertrand K, Landry M, Flores-Aranda J, Patenaude C, Brochu S. Recovery from substance use: Drug-dependent people’s experiences with sources that motivate them to change. Drugs-educ Prev Policy. 2015;22(3):301–7. https://doi.org/10.3109/09687637.2015.1021665.

Central Narcotics Bureau. CNB Explains: Where Do Adult Drug Abusers Go When Caught? 2022. https://www.cnb.gov.sg/CNBExplains/where-do-adult-drug-abusers-go-when-caught.

Chua A, Chen M, Cavailler P, Jiang L, Abdullah MR, Ng OT, Chio MT, Koe S, Tay J, Wong ML, & Chan RK. Challenges of Respondent Driven Sampling to Assess Sexual Behaviour and Estimate the Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) and Syphilis in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2013; 42(7), 350–353. https://doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v42n7p350.

Coriale G, Bilotta E, Leone L, Cosimi F, Porrari R, Rosa F, Ceccanti M. Avoidance coping strategies, alexithymia and alcohol abuse: a mediation analysis. Addict Behav. 2012;37(11):1224–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.05.018.

Durbeej N, Berman AH, Gumpert CH, Palmstierna T, Kristiansson M, Alm C. Validation of the alcohol use disorders identification test and the drug use disorders identification test in a swedish sample of suspected offenders with signs of mental health problems: results from the mental disorder, substance abuse and crime study. J Subst Abuse Treatment. 2010;39(4):364–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2010.07.007.

Flentje A, Heck NC, Brennan J, Meyer IH. The relationship between minority stress and biological outcomes: a systematic review. J Behav Med. 2019;43(5):673–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-019-00120-6.

García E, & Arandia IR. Enactive and simondonian reflections on mental disorders. Front Psychol. 2022; 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.938105.

González-Baeza A, Dolengevich-Segal H, Pérez-Valero I, Cabello A, Téllez MJ, Sanz J, Pérez-Latorre L, Bernardino JI, Troya J, De La Fuente S, Bisbal O, Santos I, Arponen S, Hontañón V, Casado JL, Ryan P. Sexualized Drug Use (Chemsex) Is Associated with High-Risk Sexual Behaviors and Sexually Transmitted Infections in HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men: Data from the U-SEX GESIDA 9416 Study. Aids Patient Care STDS. 2018;32(3):112–8. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2017.0263.

Grim BJ, Grim ME. Belief, Behavior, and Belonging: How Faith is Indispensable in Preventing and Recovering from Substance Abuse. J Relig Health. 2019;58(5):1713–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00876-w.

Hall L, Best D, & Musgrove A. Recovery and communities. In Routledge eBooks (pp. 229–248). 2019. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429461804-15.

Hosseinbor M, Ardekani SMY, Bakhshani S, & Bakhshani S. Emotional and social loneliness in individuals with and without substance dependence disorder. Int J High Risk Behav Addict. 2014; 3(3). https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.22688.

Hunter L, Dargan PI, Benzie A, White JA. Recreational drug use in men who have sex with men (MSM) attending UK sexual health services is significantly higher than in non-MSM. Postgrad Med J. 2014;90(1061):133–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2012-131428.

Íncera-Fernández D, Román-González FJ, Moreno-Guillén S, & Gámez-Guadix M. Sexualized drug use, risky sexual behaviors, and prevention strategies among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. Drugs. 2023: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2023.2225245.

Kadden RM, Litt MD. The role of self-efficacy in the treatment of substance use disorders. Addict Behav. 2011;36(12):1120–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.07.032.

Kang SK, Kim HJ, Shin S. A qualitative case study on recovery and personal growth in Korean drug addicts. J Soc Serv Res. 2018;44(3):279–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2018.1457593.

Kayaoğlu K, Okanlı A, Budak FK, Aslanoğlu E. The correlation between loneliness and substance use proclivity in child and adolescent substance users. J Subst Use. 2021;27(1):70–3. https://doi.org/10.1080/14659891.2021.1894495.

Kelly SM, O’Grady KE, Schwartz RP, Peterson JA, Wilson MP, Brown BS. The relationship of social support to treatment entry and engagement: the Community Assessment Inventory. Subst Abuse. 2010;31(1):43–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897070903442640.

Kim HS, Hodgins DC, García X, Ritchie EV, Musani I, McGrath DS, Von Ranson KM. A systematic review of addiction substitution in recovery: clinical lore or empirically-based? Clin Psychol Rev. 2021;89:102083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102083.

Laudet AB. What does recovery mean to you? Lessons from the recovery experience for research and practice. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2007;33(3):243–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2007.04.014.

Leffingwell TR, Cooney NJ, Murphy JG, Luczak SE, Rosen IG, Dougherty DM, Barnett NP. Continuous objective monitoring of alcohol use: twenty-first century measurement using transdermal sensors. Alcoholism. 2013;37(1):16–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01869.x.

Leukefeld CG, Tims FM. Relapse and recovery in drug abuse: research and practice. Int J Addict. 1989;24(3):189–201. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826088909047283.

Luoma JB. Substance use stigma as a barrier to treatment and recovery. In Springer eBooks (pp. 1195–1215). 2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0338-9_59 .

Mahar A, Cobigo V, Stuart H. Conceptualizing belonging. Disabil Rehabil. 2012;35(12):1026–32. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2012.717584.

Mannes ZL, Burrell LE, Bryant V, Dunne EM, Hearn LE, Whitehead NE. Loneliness and substance use: the influence of gender among HIV+ Black/African American adults 50+. Aids Care-Psychol Socio-Med Aspects Aids/Hiv. 2015;28(5):598–602. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2015.1120269.

Meyer IH. Minority stress and mental health in gay men. J Health Soc Behav. 1995;36(1):38. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137286.

Meyer IH. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychol Bull. 2003;129(5):674–97. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674.

Misuse of Drugs Act 1973 - Singapore Statutes online. 1973.  https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MDA1973 .

Ogilvie L, Carson J. Positive addiction recovery therapy: a pilot study. Adv Dual Diagn. 2022;15(4):196–207. https://doi.org/10.1108/add-06-2022-0018.

Polihronakis CJ, Velez BL, Brewster ME. Bisexual men’s sexual health: a test of minority stress theory. Psychol Men Masculin. 2021;22(1):201–15. https://doi.org/10.1037/men0000304.

Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC, Norcross JC. In search of how people change. Applications to addictive behaviors. PubMed. 1992;47(9):1102–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.47.9.1102.

Sang JM, Cui Z, Sereda P, Armstrong HL, Olarewaju G, Lal A, Card KG, Roth EA, Hogg RS, Moore D, Lachowsky NJ. Longitudinal Event-Level Sexual Risk and Substance Use among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(6):3183. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063183.

Schroeder S, Bourne A, Doyle J, Hellard M, Stoové M, Pedrana A. Constructing a ‘target population’: a critical analysis of public health discourse on substance use among gay and bisexual men, 2000–2020. Int J Drug Policy. 2022;108:103808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103808.

Schwartz RH. Urine testing in the detection of drugs of abuse. Arch Internal Med. 1988;148(11):2407–12. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.148.11.2407.

Seawright, J., Gerring, J., Seawright, J., & Gerring, J. Case selection techniques in case study research: a menu of qualitative and quantitative options. In SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks (p. II213). 2016.  https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473915480.n31 .

Shankar A, McMunn A, Banks J, Steptoe A. Loneliness, social isolation, and behavioral and biological health indicators in older adults. Health Psychol. 2011;30(4):377–85. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022826.

Shapira B, Rosca P, Berkovitz R, Gorjaltsan I, Neumark Y. The switch from one substance-of-abuse to another: illicit drug substitution behaviors in a sample of high-risk drug users. PeerJ. 2020;8:e9461. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9461.

Stokes M, Schultz P, & Alpaslan A. Narrating the journey of sustained recovery from substance use disorder. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2018; 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-018-0167-0.

Tan RKJ, Phua K, Tan A, Gan DCJ, Ho LP, Ong EJ, See MLM. Exploring the role of trauma in underpinning sexualised drug use (‘chemsex’) among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Singapore. Int J Drug Policy. 2021;97:103333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103333.

Tan RKJ, Wong C, Chen M, Chan YY, Ibrahim MaB, Lim OZ, Chio MT, Wong CS, Chan R, Chua LJ, Choong BCH. Chemsex among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Singapore and the challenges ahead: a qualitative study. Int J Drug Policy. 2018;61:31–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.10.002.

Tomkins A, George R, Kliner M. Sexualised drug taking among men who have sex with men: a systematic review. Perspect Public Health. 2018;139(1):23–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757913918778872.

Ullman SE, Relyea M, Peter-Hagene LC, Vasquez A. Trauma histories, substance use coping, PTSD, and problem substance use among sexual assault victims. Addict Behav. 2013;38(6):2219–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.01.027.

Wang CDC, Anderson-White E, Jin L. Adult attachment, maladaptive coping, alcohol consumption, and drinking-related problems. Counsel Psychol Q. 2021;35(1):43–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2021.1977914.

Weaver B. Understanding desistance: a critical review of theories of desistance. Psychol Crime Law. 2019;25(6):641–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316x.2018.1560444.

White WL. Addiction recovery: Its definition and conceptual boundaries. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2007;33(3):229–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2007.04.015.

Yang C, Zhou Y, Cao Q, Xia M, & An J. The Relationship between Self-Control and Self-Efficacy among patients with Substance Use Disorders: Resilience and Self-Esteem as Mediators. Front Psychiatry. 2019; 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00388.