Natural killer cells in multiple sclerosis: A review
Tài liệu tham khảo
Dobson, 2019, Multiple sclerosis - a review, Eur. J. Neurol., 26, 27, 10.1111/ene.13819
Howard, 2016, Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis, Neurol. Clin., 34, 919, 10.1016/j.ncl.2016.06.016
Steinman, 2014, Immunology of relapse and remission in multiple sclerosis, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 32, 257, 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120227
Reich, 2018, Multiple sclerosis, N. Engl. J. Med., 378, 169, 10.1056/NEJMra1401483
Gutcher, 2007, APC-derived cytokines and T cell polarization in autoimmune inflammation, J. Clin. Invest., 117, 1119, 10.1172/JCI31720
Park, 2005, A distinct lineage of CD4 T cells regulates tissue inflammation by producing interleukin 17, Nat. Immunol., 6, 1133, 10.1038/ni1261
Machado-Santos, 2018, The compartmentalized inflammatory response in the multiple sclerosis brain is composed of tissue-resident CD8+ T lymphocytes and B cells, Brain, 141, 2066, 10.1093/brain/awy151
Salou, 2015, Involvement of CD8(+) t cells in multiple sclerosis, Front. Immunol., 6, 604, 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00604
Li, 2018, Reassessing B cell contributions in multiple sclerosis, Nat. Immunol., 19, 696, 10.1038/s41590-018-0135-x
Greenfield, 2018, B-cell therapy for multiple sclerosis: entering an era, Ann. Neurol., 83, 13, 10.1002/ana.25119
Giovannoni, 2014, Daclizumab high-yield process in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (SELECTION): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind extension trial, Lancet Neurol., 13, 472, 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70039-0
Gold, 2013, Daclizumab high-yield process in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (SELECT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Lancet, 381, 2167, 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62190-4
Kappos, 2015, Daclizumab HYP versus interferon Beta-1a in relapsing multiple sclerosis, N. Engl. J. Med., 373, 1418, 10.1056/NEJMoa1501481
International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics, C, 2013, Analysis of immune-related loci identifies 48 new susceptibility variants for multiple sclerosis, Nat. Genet., 45, 1353, 10.1038/ng.2770
Pierrot-Deseilligny, 2017, Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis: an update, Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord., 14, 35, 10.1016/j.msard.2017.03.014
Smolders, 2008, Vitamin D as an immune modulator in multiple sclerosis, a review, J. Neuroimmunol., 194, 7, 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.11.014
Guan, 2019, The role of Epstein-Barr virus in multiple sclerosis: from molecular pathophysiology to in vivo imaging, Neural Regen. Res., 14, 373, 10.4103/1673-5374.245462
Sundqvist, 2014, Cytomegalovirus seropositivity is negatively associated with multiple sclerosis, Mult. Scler., 20, 165, 10.1177/1352458513494489
Alfredsson, 2019, Lifestyle and environmental factors in multiple sclerosis, Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med., 9, 10.1101/cshperspect.a028944
Ascherio, 2013, Environmental factors in multiple sclerosis, Expert Rev. Neurother., 13, 3, 10.1586/14737175.2013.865866
Fitzgerald, 2015, Association of vitamin d levels with multiple sclerosis activity and progression in patients receiving interferon Beta-1b, JAMA Neurol., 72, 1458, 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.2742
Mowry, 2012, Vitamin D status predicts new brain magnetic resonance imaging activity in multiple sclerosis, Ann. Neurol., 72, 234, 10.1002/ana.23591
Smolders, 2010, Vitamin d and multiple sclerosis: correlation, causality, and controversy, Autoimmune Dis., 2011, 629538
Burnard, 2017, EBV and MS: major cause, minor contribution or red-herring?, Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord., 16, 24, 10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.002
Voigt, 2018, Proteome analysis of human CD56(neg) NK cells reveals a homogeneous phenotype surprisingly similar to CD56(dim) NK cells, Eur. J. Immunol., 48, 1456, 10.1002/eji.201747450
Cichicki, 2016, Diversification and functional specialization of human NK cell subsets, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 395, 63
Poli, 2009, CD56bright natural killer (NK) cells: an important NK cell subset, Immunology, 126, 458, 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.03027.x
Jiang, 2011, Unexpected role for granzyme K in CD56bright NK cell-mediated immunoregulation of multiple sclerosis, J. Immunol., 187, 781, 10.4049/jimmunol.1100789
Fehniger, 2003, CD56bright natural killer cells are present in human lymph nodes and are activated by T cell-derived IL-2: a potential new link between adaptive and innate immunity, Blood, 101, 3052, 10.1182/blood-2002-09-2876
Fehniger, 1999, Differential cytokine and chemokine gene expression by human NK cells following activation with IL-18 or IL-15 in combination with IL-12: implications for the innate immune response, J. Immunol., 162, 4511, 10.4049/jimmunol.162.8.4511
Caligiuri, 2008, Human natural killer cells, Blood, 112, 461, 10.1182/blood-2007-09-077438
O’Leary, 2006, T cell- and B cell-independent adaptive immunity mediated by natural killer cells, Nat. Immunol., 7, 507, 10.1038/ni1332
Cooper, 2009, Cytokine-induced memory-like natural killer cells, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106, 1915, 10.1073/pnas.0813192106
Sun, 2009, Adaptive immune features of natural killer cells, Nature, 457, 557, 10.1038/nature07665
Netea, 2017, Trained immunity: an ancient way of remembering, Cell Host Microbe, 21, 297, 10.1016/j.chom.2017.02.003
Lee, 2015, Epigenetic modification and antibody-dependent expansion of memory-like NK cells in human cytomegalovirus-infected individuals, Immunity, 42, 431, 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.02.013
Schlums, 2015, Cytomegalovirus infection drives adaptive epigenetic diversification of NK cells with altered signaling and effector function, Immunity, 42, 443, 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.02.008
Hwang, 2012, Identification of human NK cells that are deficient for signaling adaptor FcRgamma and specialized for antibody-dependent immune functions, Int. Immunol., 24, 793, 10.1093/intimm/dxs080
Zhang, 2013, Cutting edge: antibody-dependent memory-like NK cells distinguished by FcRgamma deficiency, J. Immunol., 190, 1402, 10.4049/jimmunol.1203034
Kim, 2019, Phenotypic and functional analysis of human NK cell subpopulations according to the expression of FcepsilonRIgamma and NKG2C, Front. Immunol., 10, 2865, 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02865
Moreira, 2019, Adaptive features of natural killer cells in multiple sclerosis, Front. Immunol., 10, 2403, 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02403
Peng, 2017, Diversity of tissue-resident NK cells, Semin. Immunol., 31, 3, 10.1016/j.smim.2017.07.006
Freud, 2017, The broad Spectrum of human natural killer cell diversity, Immunity, 47, 820, 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.10.008
Burm, 2016, Expression of IL-1beta in rhesus EAE and MS lesions is mainly induced in the CNS itself, J. Neuroinflammation, 13, 138, 10.1186/s12974-016-0605-8
Comabella, 1998, Elevated interleukin-12 in progressive multiple sclerosis correlates with disease activity and is normalized by pulse cyclophosphamide therapy, J. Clin. Invest., 102, 671, 10.1172/JCI3125
Crisi, 1995, Staphylococcal enterotoxin B and tumor-necrosis factor-alpha-induced relapses of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: protection by transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-10, Eur. J. Immunol., 25, 3035, 10.1002/eji.1830251108
Gharibi, 2019, IL-21 and IL-21-producing T cells are involved in multiple sclerosis severity and progression, Immunol. Lett., 216, 12, 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.09.003
Gillett, 2010, Interleukin 18 receptor 1 expression distinguishes patients with multiple sclerosis, Mult. Scler., 16, 1056, 10.1177/1352458510364634
McArdel, 2016, Anti-CD48 monoclonal antibody attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by limiting the number of pathogenic CD4+ t cells, J. Immunol., 197, 3038, 10.4049/jimmunol.1600706
Minagar, 2003, Serum from patients with multiple sclerosis downregulates occludin and VE-cadherin expression in cultured endothelial cells, Mult. Scler., 9, 235, 10.1191/1352458503ms916oa
Nicoletti, 2001, Increased serum levels of interleukin-18 in patients with multiple sclerosis, Neurology, 57, 342, 10.1212/WNL.57.2.342
Prod’homme, 2007, The human cytomegalovirus MHC class I homolog UL18 inhibits LIR-1+ but activates LIR-1- NK cells, J. Immunol., 178, 4473, 10.4049/jimmunol.178.7.4473
Rentzos, 2006, IL-15 is elevated in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis, J. Neurol. Sci., 241, 25, 10.1016/j.jns.2005.10.003
Saresella, 2014, A role for the TIM-3/GAL-9/BAT3 pathway in determining the clinical phenotype of multiple sclerosis, FASEB J., 28, 5000, 10.1096/fj.14-258194
Schofield, 2016, Characterization of IL-17AA and IL-17FF in rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, Bioanalysis, 8, 2317, 10.4155/bio-2016-0207
Su, 2014, Interleukin-7 expression and its effect on natural killer cells in patients with multiple sclerosis, J. Neuroimmunol., 276, 180, 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.618
Long, 2013, Controlling natural killer cell responses: integration of signals for activation and inhibition, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 31, 227, 10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075005
Valiante, 1997, Functionally and structurally distinct NK cell receptor repertoires in the peripheral blood of two human donors, Immunity, 7, 739, 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80393-3
Borrego, 1998, Recognition of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E complexed with HLA class I signal sequence-derived peptides by CD94/NKG2 confers protection from natural killer cell-mediated lysis, J. Exp. Med., 187, 813, 10.1084/jem.187.5.813
Eriksson, 1999, Inhibitory receptors alter natural killer cell interactions with target cells yet allow simultaneous killing of susceptible targets, J. Exp. Med., 190, 1005, 10.1084/jem.190.7.1005
Das, 2010, Lytic granule polarization, rather than degranulation, is the preferred target of inhibitory receptors in NK cells, J. Immunol., 185, 4698, 10.4049/jimmunol.1001220
Kobelt, 2017, New insights into the burden and costs of multiple sclerosis in Europe, Mult. Scler., 23, 1123, 10.1177/1352458517694432
Browne, 2014, Atlas of Multiple Sclerosis 2013: a growing global problem with widespread inequity, Neurology, 83, 1022, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000768
Orton, 2010, Effect of immigration on multiple sclerosis sex ratio in Canada: the Canadian Collaborative Study, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 81, 31, 10.1136/jnnp.2008.162784
Wallin, 2012, The Gulf War era multiple sclerosis cohort: age and incidence rates by race, sex and service, Brain, 135, 1778, 10.1093/brain/aws099
Thompson, 2018, Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria, Lancet Neurol., 17, 162, 10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30470-2
Brownlee, 2017, Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: progress and challenges, Lancet, 389, 1336, 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30959-X
Fox, 2015, Prevalence of multiple sclerosis symptoms across lifespan: data from the NARCOMS Registry, Neurodegener. Dis. Manag., 5, 3
Confavreux, 2006, Age at disability milestones in multiple sclerosis, Brain, 129, 595, 10.1093/brain/awh714
Thompson, 2018, Multiple sclerosis, Lancet, 391, 1622, 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30481-1
1998, Placebo-controlled multicentre randomised trial of interferon beta-1b in treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. European Study Group on interferon beta-1b in secondary progressive MS, Lancet, 352, 1491, 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)10039-9
Kappos, 2018, Siponimod versus placebo in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (EXPAND): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study, Lancet, 391, 1263, 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30475-6
Baldassari, 2018, Therapeutic advances and challenges in the treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis, Drugs, 78, 1549, 10.1007/s40265-018-0984-5
Lassmann, 2007, The immunopathology of multiple sclerosis: an overview, Brain Pathol., 17, 210, 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2007.00064.x
Lublin, 2014, Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: the 2013 revisions, Neurology, 83, 278, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000560
Kurtzke, 1983, Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS), Neurology, 33, 1444, 10.1212/WNL.33.11.1444
Gandhi, 2010, Role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, J. Neuroimmunol., 221, 7, 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.10.015
Lunemann, 2008, Do natural killer cells accelerate or prevent autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis?, Brain, 131, 1681, 10.1093/brain/awn132
Morandi, 2008, Role of natural killer cells in the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis, Pharmacol. Res., 57, 1, 10.1016/j.phrs.2007.11.003
Hayakawa, 2006, Functional subsets of mouse natural killer cells, Immunol. Rev., 214, 47, 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2006.00454.x
Constantinescu, 2011, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS), Br. J. Pharmacol., 164, 1079, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01302.x
Gao, 2016, CD27 natural killer cell subsets play different roles during the pre-onset stage of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Innate Immun., 22, 395, 10.1177/1753425916658111
Leavenworth, 2010, Analysis of the cellular mechanism underlying inhibition of EAE after treatment with anti-NKG2A F(ab’)2, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 107, 2562, 10.1073/pnas.0914732107
Lu, 2007, Regulation of activated CD4+ T cells by NK cells via the Qa-1-NKG2A inhibitory pathway, Immunity, 26, 593, 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.03.017
Liu, 2016, Neural stem cells sustain natural killer cells that dictate recovery from brain inflammation, Nat. Neurosci., 19, 243, 10.1038/nn.4211
Han, 2014, Comprehensive immunophenotyping of cerebrospinal fluid cells in patients with neuroimmunological diseases, J. Immunol., 192, 2551, 10.4049/jimmunol.1302884
Rodriguez-Martin, 2015, Natural killer cell subsets in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis, Clin. Exp. Immunol., 180, 243, 10.1111/cei.12580
Gross, 2016, Regulatory functions of natural killer cells in multiple sclerosis, Front. Immunol., 7, 606, 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00606
Gross, 2016, Impaired NK-mediated regulation of T-cell activity in multiple sclerosis is reconstituted by IL-2 receptor modulation, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 113, E2973, 10.1073/pnas.1524924113
Lagumersindez-Denis, 2017, Differential contribution of immune effector mechanisms to cortical demyelination in multiple sclerosis, Acta Neuropathol., 134, 15, 10.1007/s00401-017-1706-x
Laroni, 2016, Dysregulation of regulatory CD56(bright) NK cells/T cells interactions in multiple sclerosis, J. Autoimmun., 72, 8, 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.04.003
Morandi, 2013, Intrathecal soluble HLA-E correlates with disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis and may cooperate with soluble HLA-G in the resolution of neuroinflammation, J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol., 8, 944, 10.1007/s11481-013-9459-3
Pannemans, 2014, HLA-E restricted CD8+ T cell subsets are phenotypically altered in multiple sclerosis patients, Mult. Scler., 20, 790, 10.1177/1352458513509703
Bielekova, 2019, Daclizumab therapy for multiple sclerosis, Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med., 9, 10.1101/cshperspect.a034470
Wang, 2005, Structure of the quaternary complex of interleukin-2 with its alpha, beta, and gammac receptors, Science, 310, 1159, 10.1126/science.1117893
Waldmann, 2002, The IL-2/IL-15 receptor systems: targets for immunotherapy, J. Clin. Immunol., 22, 51, 10.1023/A:1014416616687
International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics, C, 2019, Multiple sclerosis genomic map implicates peripheral immune cells and microglia in susceptibility, Science, 365
Berge, 2016, The multiple sclerosis susceptibility genes TAGAP and IL2RA are regulated by vitamin D in CD4+ T cells, Genes Immun., 17, 118, 10.1038/gene.2015.61
Rolf, 2018, Vitamin D3 supplementation and the IL-2/IL-2R pathway in multiple sclerosis: attenuation of progressive disturbances?, J. Neuroimmunol., 314, 50, 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.11.007
Bielekova, 2009, Effect of anti-CD25 antibody daclizumab in the inhibition of inflammation and stabilization of disease progression in multiple sclerosis, Arch. Neurol., 66, 483, 10.1001/archneurol.2009.50
Bielekova, 2004, Humanized anti-CD25 (daclizumab) inhibits disease activity in multiple sclerosis patients failing to respond to interferon beta, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 8705, 10.1073/pnas.0402653101
Bielekova, 2006, Regulatory CD56(bright) natural killer cells mediate immunomodulatory effects of IL-2Ralpha-targeted therapy (daclizumab) in multiple sclerosis, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, 5941, 10.1073/pnas.0601335103
Martin, 2010, An IL-2 paradox: blocking CD25 on T cells induces IL-2-driven activation of CD56(bright) NK cells, J. Immunol., 185, 1311, 10.4049/jimmunol.0902238
Caruana, 2017, Natural killer cell subpopulations are associated with MRI activity in a relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patient cohort from Australia, Mult. Scler., 23, 1479, 10.1177/1352458516679267
Westerlind, 2014, Modest familial risks for multiple sclerosis: a registry-based study of the population of Sweden, Brain, 137, 770, 10.1093/brain/awt356
Simpson, 2011, Latitude is significantly associated with the prevalence of multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 82, 1132, 10.1136/jnnp.2011.240432
Ismailova, 2019, Vitamin D in early life and later risk of multiple sclerosis-A systematic review, meta-analysis, PLoS One, 14, e0221645, 10.1371/journal.pone.0221645
Bikle, 2014, Vitamin D metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical applications, Chem. Biol., 21, 319, 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.12.016
Peelen, 2011, Effects of vitamin D on the peripheral adaptive immune system: a review, Autoimmun. Rev., 10, 733, 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.05.002
Smolders, 2011, Vitamin D in the healthy and inflamed central nervous system: access and function, J. Neurol. Sci., 311, 37, 10.1016/j.jns.2011.07.033
Smolders, 2011, Vitamin D as a T-cell modulator in multiple sclerosis, Vitam. Horm., 86, 401, 10.1016/B978-0-12-386960-9.00018-6
Moran-Auth, 2013, Vitamin D status and gene transcription in immune cells, J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 136, 83, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.02.005
Balogh, 1999, Effect of 1,25(OH)(2)-vitamin D(3) on the activation of natural killer cells: role of protein kinase C and extracellular calcium, Exp. Mol. Pathol., 67, 63, 10.1006/exmp.1999.2264
Ravid, 1993, 1,25(OH)2D3 increases cytotoxicity and exocytosis in lymphokine-activated killer cells, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 96, 133, 10.1016/0303-7207(93)90103-Q
Mariani, 1999, Vitamin D, thyroid hormones and muscle mass influence natural killer (NK) innate immunity in healthy nonagenarians and centenarians, Clin. Exp. Immunol., 116, 19, 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00855.x
Mariani, 1998, Natural immunity and bone and muscle remodelling hormones in the elderly, Mech. Ageing Dev., 102, 279, 10.1016/S0047-6374(97)00173-5
Kitajima, 1989, Immune dysfunction in hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets: immunoregulatory reaction of 1 alpha(OH) vitamin D3, Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol., 53, 24, 10.1016/0090-1229(89)90097-4
Quesada, 1989, The effect of calcitriol on natural killer cell activity in hemodialyzed patients, J. Steroid Biochem., 34, 423, 10.1016/0022-4731(89)90120-9
Merino, 1989, Regulation of natural killer cytotoxicity by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, Cell. Immunol., 118, 328, 10.1016/0008-8749(89)90381-X
Rebut-Bonneton, 1991, Effect of calcitriol on peripheral blood lymphocyte cytotoxicity, Biomed. Pharmacother., 45, 369, 10.1016/0753-3322(91)90068-5
Weeres, 2014, The effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on in vitro human NK cell development from hematopoietic stem cells, J. Immunol., 193, 3456, 10.4049/jimmunol.1400698
Olson, 2018, Vitamin D pathway activation selectively deactivates signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins and inflammatory cytokine production in natural killer leukemic large granular lymphocytes, Cytokine, 111, 551, 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.09.016
Olson, 2017, Vitamin D decreases STAT phosphorylation and inflammatory cytokine output in T-LGL leukemia, Cancer Biol. Ther., 18, 290, 10.1080/15384047.2016.1235669
Rajala, 2014, Uncovering the pathogenesis of large granular lymphocytic leukemia-novel STAT3 and STAT5b mutations, Ann. Med., 46, 114, 10.3109/07853890.2014.882105
Yao, 1985, A re-examination of the Epstein-Barr virus carrier state in healthy seropositive individuals, Int. J. Cancer, 35, 35, 10.1002/ijc.2910350107
Cohen, 2000, Epstein-Barr virus infection, N. Engl. J. Med., 343, 481, 10.1056/NEJM200008173430707
Goldacre, 2004, Multiple sclerosis after infectious mononucleosis: record linkage study, J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 58, 1032, 10.1136/jech.2003.018366
Handel, 2010, An updated meta-analysis of risk of multiple sclerosis following infectious mononucleosis, PLoS One, 5, 10.1371/journal.pone.0012496
Sundqvist, 2012, Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis: interaction with HLA, Genes Immun., 13, 14, 10.1038/gene.2011.42
Deuschle, 2013, Are there Epstein-Barr virus seronegative patients with multiple sclerosis?, Mult. Scler., 19, 1242, 10.1177/1352458512472751
Pakpoor, 2013, The risk of developing multiple sclerosis in individuals seronegative for Epstein-Barr virus: a meta-analysis, Mult. Scler., 19, 162, 10.1177/1352458512449682
Thorley-Lawson, 2015, EBV persistence--Introducing the virus, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 390, 151
Wandinger, 2000, Association between clinical disease activity and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation in MS, Neurology, 55, 178, 10.1212/WNL.55.2.178
Rolf, 2018, Exploring the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on the anti-EBV antibody response in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, Mult. Scler., 24, 1280, 10.1177/1352458517722646
Williams, 2005, The immune response to primary EBV infection: a role for natural killer cells, Br. J. Haematol., 129, 266, 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05452.x
Chijioke, 2013, Human natural killer cells prevent infectious mononucleosis features by targeting lytic Epstein-Barr virus infection, Cell Rep., 5, 1489, 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.11.041
Azzi, 2014, Role for early-differentiated natural killer cells in infectious mononucleosis, Blood, 124, 2533, 10.1182/blood-2014-01-553024
Chijioke, 2016, NK cell influence on the outcome of primary epstein-barr virus infection, Front. Immunol., 7, 323, 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00323
Hendricks, 2014, Cutting edge: NKG2C(hi)CD57+ NK cells respond specifically to acute infection with cytomegalovirus and not Epstein-Barr virus, J. Immunol., 192, 4492, 10.4049/jimmunol.1303211
Brodin, 2015, Variation in the human immune system is largely driven by non-heritable influences, Cell, 160, 37, 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.020
Picarda, 2018, Cytomegalovirus: shape-shifting the immune system, J. Immunol., 200, 3881, 10.4049/jimmunol.1800171
Lopez-Montanes, 2017, Antibody-dependent NK cell activation differentially targets EBV-Infected cells in lytic cycle and bystander B lymphocytes bound to viral antigen-containing particles, J. Immunol., 199, 656, 10.4049/jimmunol.1601574
Hedstrom, 2009, Tobacco smoking, but not Swedish snuff use, increases the risk of multiple sclerosis, Neurology, 73, 696, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181b59c40
Hedstrom, 2016, Smoking is a major preventable risk factor for multiple sclerosis, Mult. Scler., 22, 1021, 10.1177/1352458515609794
Hedstrom, 2014, Interaction between adolescent obesity and HLA risk genes in the etiology of multiple sclerosis, Neurology, 82, 865, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000000203
Hedstrom, 2016, Body mass index during adolescence, rather than childhood, is critical in determining MS risk, Mult. Scler., 22, 878, 10.1177/1352458515603798
Munger, 2013, Childhood body mass index and multiple sclerosis risk: a long-term cohort study, Mult. Scler., 19, 1323, 10.1177/1352458513483889
Hedstrom, 2013, Nicotine might have a protective effect in the etiology of multiple sclerosis, Mult. Scler., 19, 1009, 10.1177/1352458512471879
Motz, 2010, Chronic cigarette smoke exposure primes NK cell activation in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, J. Immunol., 184, 4460, 10.4049/jimmunol.0903654
Wang, 2013, Differential activation of killer cells in the circulation and the lung: a study of current smoking status and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), PLoS One, 8, e58556, 10.1371/journal.pone.0058556
Moszczynski, 1996, The effect of cigarettes smoking on the blood counts of T and NK cells in subjects with occupational exposure to organic solvents, Cent. Eur. J. Public Health, 4, 164
Tollerud, 1989, Association of cigarette smoking with decreased numbers of circulating natural killer cells, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 139, 194, 10.1164/ajrccm/139.1.194
Arimilli, 2013, Combustible and non-combustible tobacco product preparations differentially regulate human peripheral blood mononuclear cell functions, Toxicol. In Vitro, 27, 1992, 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.06.015
Mian, 2008, Impairment of human NK cell cytotoxic activity and cytokine release by cigarette smoke, J. Leukoc. Biol., 83, 774, 10.1189/jlb.0707481
Castoldi, 2015, The macrophage switch in obesity development, Front. Immunol., 6, 637
Gerriets, 2014, Role of T cells in malnutrition and obesity, Front. Immunol., 5, 379, 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00379
Louie, 2011, A novel risk factor for a novel virus: obesity and 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1), Clin. Infect. Dis., 52, 301, 10.1093/cid/ciq152
Smith, 2007, Diet-induced obese mice have increased mortality and altered immune responses when infected with influenza virus, J. Nutr., 137, 1236, 10.1093/jn/137.5.1236
Bahr, 2017, Diet-induced obesity is associated with an impaired NK cell function and an increased Colon Cancer incidence, J. Nutr. Metab., 2017, 4297025, 10.1155/2017/4297025
Huebner, 2013, Human NK cell subset functions are differentially affected by adipokines, PLoS One, 8, e75703, 10.1371/journal.pone.0075703
Wilk, 2013, Adiponectin modulates NK-cell function, Eur. J. Immunol., 43, 1024, 10.1002/eji.201242382
The, 2018, End of the road for daclizumab in multiple sclerosis, Lancet, 391, 1000, 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30565-8
Yong, 2002, Differential mechanisms of action of interferon-beta and glatiramer aetate in MS, Neurology, 59, 802, 10.1212/WNL.59.6.802
Saraste, 2007, Expansion of CD56Bright natural killer cells in the peripheral blood of multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon-beta, Neurol. Sci., 28, 121, 10.1007/s10072-007-0803-3
Martinez-Rodriguez, 2011, Natural killer cell phenotype and clinical response to interferon-beta therapy in multiple sclerosis, Clin. Immunol., 141, 348, 10.1016/j.clim.2011.09.006
Kaufmann, 2018, Real-world lab data in natalizumab treated multiple sclerosis patients up to 6 years long-term follow up, Front. Neurol., 9, 1071, 10.3389/fneur.2018.01071
Putzki, 2010, Effects of natalizumab on circulating B cells, T regulatory cells and natural killer cells, Eur. Neurol., 63, 311, 10.1159/000302687
Polman, 2006, A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis, N. Engl. J. Med., 354, 899, 10.1056/NEJMoa044397
Radue, 2010, Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a reduces lesion formation in relapsing multiple sclerosis, J. Neurol. Sci., 292, 28, 10.1016/j.jns.2010.02.012
Rudick, 2006, Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis, N. Engl. J. Med., 354, 911, 10.1056/NEJMoa044396
Weinstock-Guttman, 2017, Two decades of glatiramer acetate: from initial discovery to the current development of generics, J. Neurol. Sci., 376, 255, 10.1016/j.jns.2017.03.030
Arnon, 2004, Mechanism of action of glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis and its potential for the development of new applications, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 14593, 10.1073/pnas.0404887101
Hong, 2005, Induction of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells by copolymer-I through activation of transcription factor Foxp3, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102, 6449, 10.1073/pnas.0502187102
Kim, 2004, Type 2 monocyte and microglia differentiation mediated by glatiramer acetate therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis, J. Immunol., 172, 7144, 10.4049/jimmunol.172.11.7144
Hoglund, 2013, A one year follow-up study of natural killer and dendritic cells activities in multiple sclerosis patients receiving glatiramer acetate (GA), PLoS One, 8, e62237, 10.1371/journal.pone.0062237
Sand, 2009, Modulation of natural killer cell cytotoxicity and cytokine release by the drug glatiramer acetate, Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 66, 1446, 10.1007/s00018-009-8726-1
Hosseini, 2019, Dimethyl fumarate: regulatory effects on the immune system in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, J. Cell. Physiol., 234, 9943, 10.1002/jcp.27930
Marastoni, 2019, Increased NK cell count in multiple sclerosis patients treated with dimethyl fumarate: a 2-Year longitudinal study, Front. Immunol., 10, 1666, 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01666
Montes Diaz, 2018, Dimethyl fumarate induces a persistent change in the composition of the innate and adaptive immune system in multiple sclerosis patients, Sci. Rep., 8, 8194, 10.1038/s41598-018-26519-w
Smith, 2018, Dimethyl fumarate treatment alters NK cell function in multiple sclerosis, Eur. J. Immunol., 48, 380, 10.1002/eji.201747277
Cohen, 2010, Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis, N. Engl. J. Med., 362, 402, 10.1056/NEJMoa0907839
Kappos, 2010, A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis, N. Engl. J. Med., 362, 387, 10.1056/NEJMoa0909494
Cyster, 2012, Sphingosine-1-phosphate and lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 30, 69, 10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075011
Kaufmann, 2018, Real world lab data: patterns of lymphocyte counts in fingolimod treated patients, Front. Immunol., 9, 2669, 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02669
Vaessen, 2006, FTY720 treatment of kidney transplant patients: a differential effect on B cells, naive T cells, memory T cells and NK cells, Transpl. Immunol., 15, 281, 10.1016/j.trim.2006.02.002
Johnson, 2011, Reduction of the peripheral blood CD56(bright) NK lymphocyte subset in FTY720-treated multiple sclerosis patients, J. Immunol., 187, 570, 10.4049/jimmunol.1003823
Kowarik, 2011, Differential effects of fingolimod (FTY720) on immune cells in the CSF and blood of patients with MS, Neurology, 76, 1214, 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182143564
Collongues, 2019, Pharmacotherapy for neuromyelitis optica Spectrum disorders: current management and future options, Drugs, 79, 125, 10.1007/s40265-018-1039-7
Esiri, 1977, Immunoglobulin-containing cells in multiple-sclerosis plaques, Lancet, 2, 478, 10.1016/S0140-6736(77)91603-8
Serafini, 2004, Detection of ectopic B-cell follicles with germinal centers in the meninges of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, Brain Pathol., 14, 164, 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00049.x
Yu, 2011, Intrathecally synthesized IgG in multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid recognizes identical epitopes over time, J. Neuroimmunol., 240–241, 129, 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.10.009
Hauser, 2017, Ocrelizumab versus interferon Beta-1a in relapsing multiple sclerosis, N. Engl. J. Med., 376, 221, 10.1056/NEJMoa1601277
Kappos, 2011, Ocrelizumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial, Lancet, 378, 1779, 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61649-8
Montalban, 2017, Ocrelizumab versus placebo in primary progressive multiple sclerosis, N. Engl. J. Med., 376, 209, 10.1056/NEJMoa1606468
Stashenko, 1980, Characterization of a human B lymphocyte-specific antigen, J. Immunol., 125, 1678, 10.4049/jimmunol.125.4.1678
Mease, 2008, B cell-targeted therapy in autoimmune disease: rationale, mechanisms, and clinical application, J. Rheumatol., 35, 1245
Holley, 2014, CD20+inflammatory T-cells are present in blood and brain of multiple sclerosis patients and can be selectively targeted for apoptotic elimination, Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord., 3, 650, 10.1016/j.msard.2014.06.001