Natural capital and ecosystem services informing decisions: From promise to practice

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - Tập 112 Số 24 - Trang 7348-7355 - 2015
Anne D. Guerry1,2, Stephen Polasky3,4,5, Jane Lubchenco6, Rebecca Chaplin‐Kramer7,8, Gretchen C. Daily9,10,11, Robert Griffin8, Mary Ruckelshaus1,2, Ian J. Bateman12, Anantha Kumar Duraiappah13, Thomas Elmqvist14, Marcus W. Feldman15, Carl Folke16,17,18, Jon Hoekstra19, Peter Kareiva20, Bonnie L. Keeler4,5, Shuzhuo Li21, Emily McKenzie22,23, Zhiyun Ouyang24, Belinda Reyers25, Taylor H. Ricketts26,27, Johan Rockström14, Heather Tallis28, Bhaskar Vira29
1aThe Natural Capital Project, c/o School of Environment and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195;
2bWoods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
3Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108;
4The Natural Capital Project, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108;
5eThe Natural Capital Project, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108;
6Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333;
7The Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
8Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
9Department of Biology, Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
10hDepartment of Biology, Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
11iGlobal Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm SE-104 05, Sweden;
12Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
13Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development, New Delhi 110 029, India;
14Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
15‖Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
16Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm SE-104 05, Sweden;
17Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm SE-104 05, Sweden
18lStockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden;
19World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037;
20pThe Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA 91805;
21Institute of Population and Development Studies, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710049, People’s Republic of China;
22World Wildlife Fund-UK, The Living Planet Centre, Surrey GU21 4LL, United Kingdom;
23oWorld Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037;
24State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China
25tNatural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa;
26Gund Institute of Ecological Economics, and Rubenstein School for Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405;
27University of Vermont
28vThe Nature Conservancy, Santa Cruz, CA 95060;
29Department of Geography, and Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom

Tóm tắt

The central challenge of the 21st century is to develop economic, social, and governance systems capable of ending poverty and achieving sustainable levels of population and consumption while securing the life-support systems underpinning current and future human well-being. Essential to meeting this challenge is the incorporation of natural capital and the ecosystem services it provides into decision-making. We explore progress and crucial gaps at this frontier, reflecting upon the 10 y since the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. We focus on three key dimensions of progress and ongoing challenges: raising awareness of the interdependence of ecosystems and human well-being, advancing the fundamental interdisciplinary science of ecosystem services, and implementing this science in decisions to restore natural capital and use it sustainably. Awareness of human dependence on nature is at an all-time high, the science of ecosystem services is rapidly advancing, and talk of natural capital is now common from governments to corporate boardrooms. However, successful implementation is still in early stages. We explore why ecosystem service information has yet to fundamentally change decision-making and suggest a path forward that emphasizes: ( i ) developing solid evidence linking decisions to impacts on natural capital and ecosystem services, and then to human well-being; ( ii ) working closely with leaders in government, business, and civil society to develop the knowledge, tools, and practices necessary to integrate natural capital and ecosystem services into everyday decision-making; and ( iii ) reforming institutions to change policy and practices to better align private short-term goals with societal long-term goals.

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Tập 112 Số 24

7348-7355

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