Nanomaterials in the environment: Behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry - Tập 27 Số 9 - Trang 1825-1851 - 2008
Stephen J. Klaine1, Pedro J. J. Alvarez2, Graeme E. Batley3, Teresa F. Fernandes4, Richard D. Handy5, Delina Y. Lyon2, Shaily Mahendra2, Mike J. McLaughlin6, Jamie R. Lead7
1Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Clemson University, P.O. Box 709 Pendleton, South Carolina 29672, USA
2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS317, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
3Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organization, Land and Water, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, Private Mailbag 7, Bangor, New South Wales 2234, Australia
4School of Life Sciences, Napier University, 10 Colinton Road, EH10 5DT, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
5University of Plymouth, Room 406, Davy Building, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom
6Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Research Organization, Land and Water, Private Mailbag 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
7School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.

Tóm tắt

Abstract

The recent advances in nanotechnology and the corresponding increase in the use of nanomaterials in products in every sector of society have resulted in uncertainties regarding environmental impacts. The objectives of this review are to introduce the key aspects pertaining to nanomaterials in the environment and to discuss what is known concerning their fate, behavior, disposition, and toxicity, with a particular focus on those that make up manufactured nanomaterials. This review critiques existing nanomaterial research in freshwater, marine, and soil environments. It illustrates the paucity of existing research and demonstrates the need for additional research. Environmental scientists are encouraged to base this research on existing studies on colloidal behavior and toxicology. The need for standard reference and testing materials as well as methodology for suspension preparation and testing is also discussed.

Từ khóa


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