Nano-based drug delivery systems: Conventional drug delivery routes, recent developments and future prospects

Medicine in Drug Discovery - Tập 15 - Trang 100134 - 2022
Afreen Sultana1, Mina Zare1,2, Vinoy Thomas3, T.S. Sampath Kumar4, Seeram Ramakrishna1
1Center for Nanotechnology and Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore
2Department of Food and Nutrition, P.O. Box 66, 00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
4Medical Materials Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India

Tài liệu tham khảo

Tibbitt MW, Dahlman JE, Langer R. Emerging frontiers in drug delivery. J Am Chem Soc, 138, 704–17. Li C, Wang J, Wang Y, Gao H, Wei G, Huang Y, Yu H, Gan Y, Wang Y, Mei L, Chen H. Recent progress in drug delivery. Acta Pharm Sin B., 9, 1145-62. Holowka E, Bhatia SK. Drug delivery. Springer-Verlag New York; 2016. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1998-7. Zhang, 2015, Self-emulsifying drug delivery system and the applications in herbal drugs, Drug Delivery, 22, 475, 10.3109/10717544.2013.861659 Sinha, 2004, Poly-∊-caprolactone microspheres and nanospheres: an overview, Int J Pharm, 278, 1, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.01.044 Sahoo D, Bandaru R, Samal SK, Naik R, Kumar P, Kesharwani P, Dandela R. Oral drug delivery of nanomedicine. In Theory and Applications of Nonparenteral Nanomedicines, 2021, 1 (pp. 181-207). Academic Press. Saltzman, 2008 Wong, 2015, Mechanisms of drug release in nanotherapeutic delivery systems, Chem Rev, 115, 3388, 10.1021/cr5004634 Caparco, 2018, Effect of peptide linker length and composition on immobilization and catalysis of leucine zipper-enzyme fusion proteins, AIChE J, 64, 2934, 10.1002/aic.16150 Reddy Chichili, 2013, Linkers in the structural biology of protein–protein interactions, Protein Sci, 22, 153, 10.1002/pro.2206 Bargh, 2019, Cleavable linkers in antibody–drug conjugates, Chem Soc Rev, 48, 4361, 10.1039/C8CS00676H Llopis, 1998, Measurement of cytosolic, mitochondrial, and Golgi pH in single living cells with green fluorescent proteins, Proc Natl Acad Sci, 95, 6803, 10.1073/pnas.95.12.6803 Testa, 2003 Yang, 2006, Evaluation of disulfide reduction during receptor-mediated endocytosis by using FRET imaging, Proc Natl Acad Sci, 103, 13872, 10.1073/pnas.0601455103 Paulsen, 2013, Cysteine-mediated redox signaling: chemistry, biology, and tools for discovery, Chem Rev, 113, 4633, 10.1021/cr300163e Lee, 2013, Disulfide-cleavage-triggered chemosensors and their biological applications, Chem Rev, 113, 5071, 10.1021/cr300358b Kuśmierek, 2009, Determination of endogenous thiols and thiol drugs in urine by HPLC with ultraviolet detection, J Chromatogr B, 877, 3300, 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.03.038 Bailey KM, Wojtkowiak JW, Hashim AI, Gillies RJ. In Advances in Biochemical Pharmacology; Keiran, S. M. S., Ed.;Academic Press: Waltham, MA, 2012, 65. Wilson, 2011, Targeting hypoxia in cancer therapy, Nat Rev Cancer, 11, 393, 10.1038/nrc3064 Wong, 2012, Amplified release through the stimulus triggered degradation of self-immolative oligomers, dendrimers, and linear polymers, Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 64, 1031, 10.1016/j.addr.2011.09.012 Houba, 2001, A novel doxorubicin-glucuronide prodrug DOX-GA3 for tumour-selective chemotherapy: distribution and efficacy in experimental human ovarian cancer, Br J Cancer, 84, 550, 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1640 Klotz, 2012, The pharmacological profile and clinical use of mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid), Arzneimittelforschung, 62, 53, 10.1055/s-0031-1299685 Lakatos, 2008, Once daily 5-aminosalicylic acid for the treatment of ulcerative colitis; are we there yet?, Pharmacol Res, 58, 90, 10.1016/j.phrs.2008.08.003 Zeng, 1997, Dendrimers in supramolecular chemistry: from molecular recognition to self-assembly, Chem Rev, 97, 1681, 10.1021/cr9603892 Brunsveld, 2001, Supramolecular polymers, Chem Rev, 101, 4071, 10.1021/cr990125q Mura, 2013, Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery, Nat Mater, 12, 991, 10.1038/nmat3776 Gao, 2011, Controlled intracellular release of doxorubicin in multidrug-resistant cancer cells by tuning the shell-pore sizes of mesoporous silica nanoparticles, ACS Nano, 5, 9788, 10.1021/nn2033105 Kenakin, 2018, A pharmacology primer: techniques for more effective and strategic drug discovery, Academic Press, 26, 245 Buckley, 2012, In vitro models to evaluate the permeability of poorly soluble drug entities: challenges and perspectives, Eur J Pharm Sci, 45, 235, 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.12.007 Devadasu VR, Deb PK, Maheshwari R, Sharma P, Tekade RK. Physicochemical, pharmaceutical, and biological considerations in GIT absorption of drugs. In Dosage Form Design Considerations, 2018, 149–178. Academic Press. Su, 2019, Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the biomaterials used in Nanocarrier drug delivery systems, Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 143, 97, 10.1016/j.addr.2019.06.008 Bok, 2020, Ultrasonically and iontophoretically enhanced drug-delivery system based on dissolving microneedle patches, Sci Rep, 10, 1, 10.1038/s41598-020-58822-w Viswanathan P, Muralidaran Y, Ragavan G. Challenges in oral drug delivery: a nano-based strategy to overcome. InNanostructures for oral medicine, 2017, 173-201. Elsevier. Malik, 2021, Electrosprayed nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for biomedical applications, Curr Pharm Des Gao X, Gu X, Chen H. The Distribution and Elimination of Nanomaterials in Brain. InNeurotoxicity of nanomaterials and nanomedicin, 2017, 59-74. Academic Press. Lammers, 2015, Theranostic USPIO-loaded microbubbles for mediating and monitoring blood-brain barrier permeation, Adv Funct Mater, 25, 36, 10.1002/adfm.201401199 Waller, 2006 2011 Valikhani, 2021, An overview of cytochrome P450 immobilization strategies for drug metabolism studies, biosensing, and biocatalytic applications: challenges and opportunities, ACS Catal, 11, 9418, 10.1021/acscatal.1c02017 Harada, 1984, Kinetic isotope effects on cytochrome P-450-catalyzed oxidation reactions. Evidence for the irreversible formation of an activated oxygen intermediate of cytochrome P-448, J Biol Chem, 259, 3005, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)43249-2 Zhang, 2018, Drug metabolism in drug discovery and development, Acta Pharm Sin B, 8, 721, 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.04.003 Meibohm B, Evans WE. Clinical pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Textbook of Therapeutics: Drug and Disease Management. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006, 1-30. Currie, 2018, Pharmacology, part 2: introduction to pharmacokinetics, J Nucl Med Technol, 46, 221, 10.2967/jnmt.117.199638 Choi, 2018, Nanomedicines: current status and future perspectives in aspect of drug delivery and pharmacokinetics, J Pharm Invest, 48, 43, 10.1007/s40005-017-0370-4 Salahudeen, 2017, An overview of pharmacodynamic modelling, ligand-binding approach and its application in clinical practice, Saudi Pharm J, 25, 165, 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.07.002 Liu, 2016, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of bionanomaterials, Biomed Nanomater, 18, 1 Goutelle, 2008, The Hill equation: a review of its capabilities in pharmacological modelling, Fundam Clin Pharmacol, 22, 633, 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2008.00633.x Sastry, 2000, Recent technological advances in oral drug delivery–a review, Pharm Sci Technol Today, 3, 138, 10.1016/S1461-5347(00)00247-9 Patel MR, Patel RB, Thakore SD. Nanoemulsion in drug delivery. In Applications of nanocomposite materials in drug delivery 2018, 667–700, Woodhead Publishing. Alexander A, Tripathi DK, Verma T, Maurya J, Patel S. Mechanism responsible for mucoadhesion of mucoadhesive drug delivery system: a review. 2011. Ns, 2014, Mucoadhesion: a novelistic platform for drug delivery system, Int J Pharm Drug Anal, 773 Patel, 2011, Mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery system, Int J Pharm Life Sci, 2 Xu, 2017, Mucoadhesive chitosan hydrogels as rectal drug delivery vessels to treat ulcerative colitis, Acta Biomater, 48, 247, 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.10.026 Purohit, 2018, Advances in rectal drug delivery systems, Pharm Dev Technol, 23, 942, 10.1080/10837450.2018.1484766 Surti N, Mahajan A, Misra A. Polymers in Rectal Drug Delivery. In Applications of Polymers in Drug Delivery, 2021, 263-280, Elsevier. Daniel A. Haas, 38 - Management of Fear and Anxiety, Editor(s): Frank J. Dowd, Barton S. Johnson, Angelo J. Mariotti, Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry (Seventh Edition), Mosby, 2017, 575-583, ISBN 9780323393072, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-39307-2.00038-2. Jain, 2020, An overview of drug delivery systems, Drug Deliv Syst, 1 Kim, 2017, Effective method for drug injection into subcutaneous tissue, Sci Rep, 7 Gutierrez, 2020, Injection, StatPearls [Internet] Grassin-Delyle, 2012, Intranasal drug delivery: an efficient and non-invasive route for systemic administration: focus on opioids, Pharmacol Ther, 134, 366, 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.03.003 Paranjpe, 2014, Nanoparticle-mediated pulmonary drug delivery: a review, Int J Mol Sci, 15, 5852, 10.3390/ijms15045852 Sonia TA, Sharma CP, Routes of administration of insulin, In Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomedicine, Oral Delivery of Insulin, Woodhead Publishing, 2014, Pages 59-112, ISBN 9781907568473, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1533/9781908818683.59. Kumar, 2017, Smart microparticles with a pH-responsive macropore for targeted oral drug delivery, Sci Rep, 7, 1 Hu, 2021, A mussel-inspired film for adhesion to wet buccal tissue and efficient buccal drug delivery, Nat Commun, 12, 1 Le Bras, 2020, Local drug delivery to brain tumor, Lab Anim, 49, 18 Lapin, 2020, Consistent opening of the blood brain barrier using focused ultrasound with constant intravenous infusion of microbubble agent, Sci Rep, 10, 10.1038/s41598-020-73312-9 Badkar, 2021, Subcutaneous delivery of high-dose/volume biologics: current status and prospect for future advancements, Drug Des Dev Ther, 15, 159, 10.2147/DDDT.S287323 Zhang, 2021, Using corneal confocal microscopy to compare Mecobalamin intramuscular injections vs oral tablets in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a RCT, Sci Rep, 11, 1 Kim, 2018, Enhanced nasal drug delivery efficiency by increasing mechanical loading using hypergravity, Sci Rep, 8, 1 Mohseni, 2015, Preparation and characterization of rifampin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a potential system for pulmonary drug delivery, Iran J Pharm Res: IJPR, 14, 27 Lahiji, 2015, A patchless dissolving microneedle delivery system enabling rapid and efficient transdermal drug delivery, Sci Rep, 5, 1, 10.1038/srep07914 Alvandi, 2021, New generation of viral nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy, J Drug Target, 1 Müller, 2000, Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for controlled drug delivery–a review of the state of the art, Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 50, 161, 10.1016/S0939-6411(00)00087-4 Malam, 2009, Liposomes and nanoparticles: nanosized vehicles for drug delivery in cancer, Trends Pharmacol Sci, 30, 592, 10.1016/j.tips.2009.08.004 Duan, 2020, A brief review on solid lipid nanoparticles: Part and parcel of contemporary drug delivery systems, RSC Adv, 10, 26777, 10.1039/D0RA03491F Smith, 2020, Application of smart solid lipid nanoparticles to enhance the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of colorectal cancer, Sci Rep, 10, 1, 10.1038/s41598-020-73218-6 Parvez, 2020, Modified solid lipid nanoparticles encapsulated with Amphotericin B and Paromomycin: an effective oral combination against experimental murine visceral leishmaniasis, Sci Rep, 10, 1, 10.1038/s41598-020-69276-5 Campos, 2015, Polymeric and solid lipid nanoparticles for sustained release of carbendazim and tebuconazole in agricultural applications, Sci Rep, 5, 1, 10.1038/srep13809 Banerjee, 2019, A peptide-modified solid lipid nanoparticle formulation of paclitaxel modulates immunity and outperforms dacarbazine in a murine melanoma model, Biomater Sci, 7, 1161, 10.1039/C8BM01403E Xie, 2017, Enhanced intracellular delivery and antibacterial efficacy of enrofloxacin-loaded docosanoic acid solid lipid nanoparticles against intracellular Salmonella, Sci Rep, 7, 1 Parhi, 2017, Enhanced anti-metastatic and anti-tumorigenic efficacy of Berbamine loaded lipid nanoparticles in vivo, Sci Rep, 7, 1, 10.1038/s41598-017-05296-y Ban, 2020, Reduction of focal sweating by lipid nanoparticle-delivered myricetin, Sci Rep, 10, 1, 10.1038/s41598-020-69985-x ud Din F, Aman W, Ullah I, Qureshi OS, Mustapha O, Shafique S, Zeb A. Effective use of nanocarriers as drug delivery systems for the treatment of selected tumors. Int J Nanomed, 2017, 12:7291. Dimov, 2017, Formation and purification of tailored liposomes for drug delivery using a module-based micro continuous-flow system, Sci Rep, 7, 1, 10.1038/s41598-017-11533-1 Deng, 2018, Controlled gene and drug release from a liposomal delivery platform triggered by X-ray radiation, Nat Commun, 9, 10.1038/s41467-018-05118-3 Hynynen, 2018, Hyperthermia-induced drug delivery in humans, Nat Biomed Eng, 2, 637, 10.1038/s41551-018-0297-8 Miao, 2021, Chitosan oligosaccharide modified liposomes enhance lung cancer delivery of paclitaxel, Acta Pharmacol Sin, 19, 1 Yoo, 2021, Osmotically balanced, large unilamellar liposomes that enable sustained bupivacaine release for prolonged pain relief in in vivo rat models, Sci Rep, 11, 1, 10.1038/s41598-021-91624-2 Wang, 2015, Enhanced anti-ischemic stroke of ZL006 by T7-conjugated PEGylated liposomes drug delivery system, Sci Rep, 5, 1 Zhao, 2019, Dual-active targeting liposomes drug delivery system for bone metastatic breast cancer: Synthesis and biological evaluation, Chem Phys Lipids, 223, 104785, 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2019.104785 Du, 2019, Thioether phosphatidylcholine liposomes: a novel ROS-responsive platform for drug delivery, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 11, 37411, 10.1021/acsami.9b08901 Lyu, 2017, Potent drugless dendrimers, Nat Biomed Eng, 1, 686, 10.1038/s41551-017-0136-3 Somani, 2018, PEGylation of polypropylenimine dendrimers: effects on cytotoxicity, DNA condensation, gene delivery and expression in cancer cells, Sci Rep, 8, 1, 10.1038/s41598-018-27400-6 Moradian, 2021, PE38-based gene therapy of HER2-positive breast cancer stem cells via VHH-redirected polyamidoamine dendrimers, Sci Rep, 11, 1, 10.1038/s41598-021-93972-5 Benseny-Cases, 2021, In situ identification and G4-PPI-His-Mal-dendrimer-induced reduction of early-stage amyloid aggregates in Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice using synchrotron-based infrared imaging, Sci Rep, 11, 1, 10.1038/s41598-021-96379-4 Wu, 2018, Radiation-sensitive dendrimer-based drug delivery system, Adv Sci, 5, 1700339, 10.1002/advs.201700339 England, 2020, Synthesis and characterization of dendrimer-based polysarcosine star polymers: well-defined, versatile platforms designed for drug-delivery applications, Biomacromolecules, 21, 3332, 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00768 Chittasupho, 2017, CXCR4 targeted dendrimer for anti-cancer drug delivery and breast cancer cell migration inhibition, Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 119, 310, 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.07.003 Prabhu, 2015, Polymeric nanoparticles for targeted treatment in oncology: current insights, Int J Nanomed, 10, 1001 Zhao, 2017, Fabrication of pH-responsive PLGA (UCNPs/DOX) nanocapsules with upconversion luminescence for drug delivery, Sci Rep, 7, 10.1038/s41598-017-16948-4 Cadete, 2019, Self-assembled hyaluronan nanocapsules for the intracellular delivery of anticancer drugs, Sci Rep, 9, 10.1038/s41598-019-47995-8 Das, 2021, Design of poly-l-glutamic acid embedded mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres for pH-stimulated chemotherapeutic drug delivery and antibacterial susceptibility, Colloids Surf, B, 202, 111700, 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111700 Samrot, 2018, Synthesis of curcumin loaded polymeric nanoparticles from crab shell derived chitosan for drug delivery, Inf Med Unlocked, 10, 159, 10.1016/j.imu.2017.12.010 Palanikumar, 2020, pH-responsive high stability polymeric nanoparticles for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics, Commun Biol, 3, 1, 10.1038/s42003-020-0817-4 Joseph, 2018, Curcumin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles for neuroprotection in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, Nano Res, 11, 5670, 10.1007/s12274-018-2104-y Salama, 2021, Promising bioadhesive ofloxacin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles for the treatment of ocular inflammation: Formulation and in vivo evaluation, Drug Deliv Transl Res, 11, 1943, 10.1007/s13346-020-00856-8 Zhu, 2015, Applications of nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery: a review, J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 15, 4753, 10.1166/jnn.2015.10298 Tsuji, 2021, Water-soluble polymer micelles formed from amphiphilic diblock copolymers bearing pendant phosphorylcholine and methoxyethyl groups, Polym J, 53, 805, 10.1038/s41428-021-00482-2 Sanati, 2021, Fabrication of anionic dextran-coated micelles for aptamer targeted delivery of camptothecin and survivin-shRNA to colon adenocarcinoma, Gene Ther, 1 Hu, 2013, pH-responsive and charge shielded cationic micelle of poly (L-histidine)-block-short branched PEI for acidic cancer treatment, J Control Release, 172, 69, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.007 Deepagan, 2016, In situ diselenide-crosslinked polymeric micelles for ROS-mediated anticancer drug delivery, Biomaterials, 103, 56, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.044 Teo, 2017, pH and redox dual-responsive biodegradable polymeric micelles with high drug loading for effective anticancer drug delivery, Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med, 13, 431, 10.1016/j.nano.2016.09.016 Chen, 2015, MMP-2 responsive polymeric micelles for cancer-targeted intracellular drug delivery, Chem Commun, 51, 465, 10.1039/C4CC07563C He, 2018, IR-780-loaded polymeric micelles enhance the efficacy of photothermal therapy in treating breast cancer lymphatic metastasis in mice, Acta Pharmacol Sin, 39, 132, 10.1038/aps.2017.109 Manchester, 2006, Virus-based nanoparticles (VNPs): platform technologies for diagnostic imaging, Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 58, 1505, 10.1016/j.addr.2006.09.014 Singh, 2007, Bio-distribution, toxicity and pathology of cowpea mosaic virus nanoparticles in vivo, J Control Release, 120, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.04.003 Chauhan, 2021, Nanocages for virus inhibition, Nat Mater, 20, 1176, 10.1038/s41563-021-01088-y Ghosh, 2021, A smart viral vector for targeted delivery of hydrophobic drugs, Sci Rep, 11, 10.1038/s41598-021-86198-y Chariou, 2015, Detection and imaging of aggressive cancer cells using an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted filamentous plant virus-based nanoparticle, Bioconjug Chem, 26, 262, 10.1021/bc500545z Biabanikhankahdani, 2016, pH-responsive virus-like nanoparticles with enhanced tumour-targeting ligands for cancer drug delivery, Sci Rep, 6, 1, 10.1038/srep37891 Pitek, 2017, Elongated plant virus-based nanoparticles for enhanced delivery of thrombolytic therapies, Mol Pharm, 14, 3815, 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00559 Finbloom, 2018, Evaluation of three morphologically distinct virus-like particles as nanocarriers for convection-enhanced drug delivery to glioblastoma, Nanomaterials, 8, 1007, 10.3390/nano8121007 Shukla, 2020, Affinity of plant viral nanoparticle potato virus X (PVX) towards malignant B cells enables cancer drug delivery, Biomater Sci, 8, 3935, 10.1039/D0BM00683A Hu, 2020, Cisplatin prodrug-loaded nanoparticles based on physalis mottle virus for cancer therapy, Mol Pharm, 17, 4629, 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00834 Bianco, 2004, Carbon nanotubes for the delivery of therapeutic molecules, Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 1, 57, 10.1517/17425247.1.1.57 Madani, 2011, A new era of cancer treatment: carbon nanotubes as drug delivery tools, Int J Nanomed, 6, 2963 Kunisaki, 2021, Carbon-nanotube yarns induce axonal regeneration in peripheral nerve defect, Sci Rep, 11, 10.1038/s41598-021-98603-7 Maleki, 2020, pH-sensitive loading/releasing of doxorubicin using single-walled carbon nanotube and multi-walled carbon nanotube: A molecular dynamics study, Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 186, 105210, 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105210 Ozden, 2017, Bacteria as bio-template for 3D carbon nanotube architectures, Sci Rep, 7, 1, 10.1038/s41598-017-09692-2 Dehaghani, 2021, Encapsulation of an anticancer drug Isatin inside a host nano-vehicle SWCNT: a molecular dynamics simulation, Sci Rep, 11, 1, 10.1038/s41598-021-98222-2 Maleki, 2020, Molecular dynamics simulation of Doxorubicin loading with N-isopropyl acrylamide carbon nanotube in a drug delivery system, Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 184, 105303, 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105303 Gangrade, 2019, Injectable carbon nanotube impregnated silk based multifunctional hydrogel for localized targeted and on-demand anticancer drug delivery, ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 5, 2365, 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00416 Tan, 2020, Preparation, characterisation and biological evaluation of biopolymer-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes for sustained-delivery of silibinin, Sci Rep, 10, 1, 10.1038/s41598-020-73963-8 Andhari, 2020, Self-propelling targeted magneto-nanobots for deep tumor penetration and pH-responsive intracellular drug delivery, Sci Rep, 10, 1, 10.1038/s41598-020-61586-y Yoosefian, 2019, A molecular study on drug delivery system based on carbon nanotube for the novel norepinephrine prodrug, Droxidopa, J Mol Liq, 284, 258, 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.016 Saeednia, 2019, Sustained releasing of methotrexate from injectable and thermosensitive chitosan–carbon nanotube hybrid hydrogels effectively controls tumor cell growth, ACS Omega, 4, 4040, 10.1021/acsomega.8b03212 Liu, 2018, Development of a promising drug delivery for formononetin: Cyclodextrin-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes, J Drug Delivery Sci Technol, 43, 461, 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.11.018 Slowing, 2008, Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as controlled release drug delivery and gene transfection carriers, Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 60, 1278, 10.1016/j.addr.2008.03.012 Watermann, 2017, Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles in cancer, Nanomaterials, 7, 189, 10.3390/nano7070189 Manzano, 2020, Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery, Adv Funct Mater, 30, 1902634, 10.1002/adfm.201902634 Vallet-Regí, 2018, Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery: Current insights, Molecules, 23, 47, 10.3390/molecules23010047 Chen, 2020, Targeted and redox-responsive drug delivery systems based on carbonic anhydrase IX-decorated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for cancer therapy, Sci Rep, 10, 1 Zhang, 2021, Lipid/PAA-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for dual-pH-responsive codelivery of arsenic trioxide/paclitaxel against breast cancer cells, Acta Pharmacol Sin, 42, 832, 10.1038/s41401-021-00648-x LaBauve, 2018, Lipid-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for the delivery of the ML336 antiviral to inhibit encephalitic alphavirus infection, Sci Rep, 8, 1, 10.1038/s41598-018-32033-w Naz, 2019, Enzyme-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles for tumor cells and mitochondria multistage-targeted drug delivery, Int J Nanomed, 14, 2533, 10.2147/IJN.S202210 Shah, 2021, Nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery, J Drug Delivery Sci Technol, 62, 102426, 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102426 Huda, 2020, Smart nanocarriers-based drug delivery for cancer therapy: An innovative and developing strategy, J Drug Delivery Sci Technol, 60, 102018, 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102018 Saleem, 2019, Applications of nanomaterials in leishmaniasis: a focus on recent advances and challenges, Nanomaterials, 10.3390/nano9121749 Mirvakili, 2021, Wireless on-demand drug delivery, Nat Electron, 4, 464, 10.1038/s41928-021-00614-9 Juliano, 2016, The delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides, Nucleic Acids Res, 44, 6518, 10.1093/nar/gkw236 Tan, 2020, Nucleic acid-based drug delivery strategies, J Control Release, 10, 240, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.03.040 Marques, 2005, Activation of the mammalian immune system by siRNAs, Nat Biotechnol, 23, 1399, 10.1038/nbt1161 He, 2021, Dynamic regulation of DNA nanostructures by noncanonical nucleic acids, NPG Asia Mater, 13, 1, 10.1038/s41427-021-00309-9 Chandrasekaran, 2021, Nuclease resistance of DNA nanostructures, Nat Rev Chem, 5, 225, 10.1038/s41570-021-00251-y Seeman, 1982, Nucleic acid junctions and lattices, J Theor Biol, 99, 237, 10.1016/0022-5193(82)90002-9 Linko, 2016, Automated design of DNA origami, Nat Biotechnol, 34, 826, 10.1038/nbt.3647 Ge, 2020, DNA origami-enabled engineering of ligand-drug conjugates for targeted drug delivery, Small, 16, 1904857, 10.1002/smll.201904857 Wang, 2019, Complex wireframe DNA nanostructures from simple building blocks, Nat Commun, 10, 1 Jun, 2019, Automated sequence design of 2D wireframe DNA origami with honeycomb edges, Nat Commun, 10, 1, 10.1038/s41467-019-13457-y Popat, 2012, A pH-responsive drug delivery system based on chitosan coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles, J Mater Chem, 22, 11173, 10.1039/c2jm30501a Tian, 2013, Nanoparticles for gene delivery, Small, 9, 2034, 10.1002/smll.201202485 Wu, 2012, Core-crosslinked pH-sensitive degradable micelles: a promising approach to resolve the extracellular stability versus intracellular drug release dilemma, J Control Release, 164, 338, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.07.011 Park, 2014, Controlled drug delivery systems: past forward and future back, J Control Release, 190, 3, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.054 Chen, 2013, Redox and pH-responsive degradable micelles for dually activated intracellular anticancer drug release, J Control Release, 169, 171, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.01.001 Cutler, 2011, Polyvalent nucleic acid nanostructures, J Am Chem Soc, 133, 9254, 10.1021/ja203375n Keener, 2020, How extracellular vesicles can enhance drug delivery, Nature, 582, 7812, 10.1038/d41586-020-01769-9 Dai, 2020, Exosomes: Key players in cancer and potential therapeutic strategy, Signal Transd Target Ther, 5, 1 Zhang, 2021, The role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer biology and clinical management, Exp Mol Med, 53, 1669, 10.1038/s12276-021-00699-4 Liang, 2021, Engineering exosomes for targeted drug delivery, Theranostics, 11, 3183, 10.7150/thno.52570 Witzigmann, 2020, Lipid nanoparticle technology for therapeutic gene regulation in the liver, Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 159, 344, 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.026 García-Pinel, 2019, Lipid-based nanoparticles: application and recent advances in cancer treatment, Nanomaterials, 9, 638, 10.3390/nano9040638 Ganesan, 2017, Lipid nanoparticles: Different preparation techniques, characterization, hurdles, and strategies for the production of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers for oral drug delivery, Sustainable Chem Pharm, 6, 37, 10.1016/j.scp.2017.07.002 Sargent, 2015, Aptamer–lipid nanoparticle conjugates for RNAi in bone, Nat Rev Endocrinol, 11, 194, 10.1038/nrendo.2015.18 He, 2020, Aptamer-based targeted drug delivery systems: Current potential and challenges, Curr Med Chem, 27, 2189, 10.2174/0929867325666181008142831 Blind, 2015, Aptamer selection technology and recent advances, Mol Ther-Nucleic Acids, 4, e223, 10.1038/mtna.2014.74 Huang, 2009, Molecular assembly of an aptamer-drug conjugate for targeted drug delivery to tumor cells, Chembiochem, 10, 862, 10.1002/cbic.200800805 Alshaer, 2018, Aptamer-guided nanomedicines for anticancer drug delivery, Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 134, 122, 10.1016/j.addr.2018.09.011 Ouyang, 2020, Precision-guided missile-like DNA nanostructure containing warhead and guidance control for aptamer-based targeted drug delivery into cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, J Am Chem Soc, 142, 1265, 10.1021/jacs.9b09782 Li, 2018, Cell-based drug delivery systems for biomedical applications, Nano Res, 11, 5240, 10.1007/s12274-018-2179-5 Millan, 2004, Drug, enzyme and peptide delivery using erythrocytes as carriers, J Control Release, 95, 27, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2003.11.018 Zakrzewski, 2019, Stem cells: past, present, and future, Stem Cell Res Ther, 10, 1, 10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5 Aboody, 2000, Neural stem cells display extensive tropism for pathology in adult brain: evidence from intracranial gliomas, Proc Natl Acad Sci, 97, 12846, 10.1073/pnas.97.23.12846 Evangelopoulos, 2020, Biomimetic cellular vectors for enhancing drug delivery to the lungs, Sci Rep, 10, 10.1038/s41598-019-55909-x Griesser, 2018, Self-emulsifying peptide drug delivery systems: How to make them highly mucus permeating, Int J Pharm, 538, 159, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.01.018 Villar, 2012, Design and optimization of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) for enhanced dissolution of gemfibrozil, Int J Pharm, 431, 161, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.001 Porter, 2008, Enhancing intestinal drug solubilisation using lipid-based delivery systems, Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 60, 673, 10.1016/j.addr.2007.10.014 Kontogiannidou, 2020, In vitro evaluation of self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) containing room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) for the oral delivery of amphotericin B, Pharmaceutics, 12, 699, 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080699 Gursoy, 2004, Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS) for improved oral delivery of lipophilic drugs, Biomed Pharmacother, 58, 173, 10.1016/j.biopha.2004.02.001 Larsen, 2013, Bioavailability of cinnarizine in dogs: effect of SNEDDS loading level and correlation with cinnarizine solubilization during in vitro lipolysis, Pharm Res, 30, 3101, 10.1007/s11095-013-1145-x Buya, 2020, Self-nano-emulsifying drug-delivery systems: From the development to the current applications and challenges in oral drug delivery, Pharmaceutics, 12, 1194, 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121194 Li, L.; Zhou, C.H.; Xu, Z.P. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug-Delivery System. In Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2019, 421–449. Cerpnjak, 2013, Lipid-based systems as a promising approach for enhancing the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs, Acta Pharm, 63, 427, 10.2478/acph-2013-0040 Memvanga, 2013, An oral malaria therapy: curcumin-loaded lipid-based drug delivery systems combined with β-arteether, J Control Release, 172, 904, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.09.001 Syukri, 2018, Novel self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of andrographolide isolated from Andrographis paniculata Nees: characterization, in vitro and in vivo assessment, J Drug Delivery Sci Technol, 47, 514, 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.06.014 Makadia, 2013, Self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS): future aspects, Asian J Pharm Res, 3, 21 Dokania, 2015, Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS)–challenges and road ahead, Drug Deliv, 22, 675, 10.3109/10717544.2014.896058 Patel, 2009, Self micro-emulsifying drug delivery system: formulation development and biopharmaceutical evaluation of lipophilic drugs, Curr Drug Deliv, 6, 419, 10.2174/156720109789000519 Visetvichaporn, 2020, Formulation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) by D-optimal mixture design to enhance the oral bioavailability of a new cathepsin K inhibitor (HL235), Int J Pharm, 573, 118772, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118772 Adepu, 2021, Controlled drug delivery systems: current status and future directions, Molecules, 26, 5905, 10.3390/molecules26195905 Cao, 2019, Reversible thermoresponsive peptide–PNIPAM hydrogels for controlled drug delivery, Biomacromolecules, 20, 3601, 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01009 Chang, 2016, Photo-induced thermal-responsive nanogels for controlled drug release, Front Bioeng Biotechnol Conference Abstract: 10th World Biomaterials Congress Vivek, 2013, pH-responsive drug delivery of chitosan nanoparticles as Tamoxifen carriers for effective anti-tumor activity in breast cancer cells, Colloids Surf, B, 111, 117, 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.05.018 Lee, 2020, Cathepsin B-responsive liposomes for controlled anticancer drug delivery in Hep G2 cells, Pharmaceutics, 12, 876, 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090876 Kim, 2018, Flexible elastomer patch with vertical silicon nanoneedles for intracellular and intratissue nanoinjection of biomolecules, Sci Adv, 4, eaau6972, 10.1126/sciadv.aau6972 Wang, 2015, Interrogation of cellular innate immunity by diamond-nanoneedle-assisted intracellular molecular fishing, Nano Lett, 15, 7058, 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03126 Wang, 2014, Poking cells for efficient vector-free intracellular delivery, Nat Commun, 5, 1 Brotchie, 2017, Drug delivery: ultrasound soothes the pain, Nat Rev Mater, 2, 1, 10.1038/natrevmats.2017.58 Landhuis, 2017, Ultrasound for the brain, Nature, 551, 257, 10.1038/d41586-017-05479-7 Couvreur, 2017, Ultrasound-triggered pain relief, Nat Biomed Eng, 1, 625, 10.1038/s41551-017-0121-x Shapiro, 2014, Biogenic gas nanostructures as ultrasonic molecular reporters, Nat Nanotechnol, 9, 311, 10.1038/nnano.2014.32 Bourdeau, 2018, Acoustic reporter genes for noninvasive imaging of microorganisms in mammalian hosts, Nature, 553, 86, 10.1038/nature25021 O’Reilly, 2018, Preliminary investigation of focused ultrasound-facilitated drug delivery for the treatment of leptomeningeal metastases, Sci Rep, 8, 1, 10.1038/s41598-018-27335-y Kong, 2017, Transmitting location, Nat Biomed Eng, 1, 684, 10.1038/s41551-017-0135-4 Svirskis, 2010, Electrochemically controlled drug delivery based on intrinsically conducting polymers, J Control Release, 146, 6, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.03.023 Maschietto, 2021, In situ electroporation of mammalian cells through SiO2 thin film capacitive microelectrodes, Sci Rep, 11 Zaheer, 2021, Topical review on nano-vaccinology: Biochemical promises and key challenges, Process Biochem, 100, 237, 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.028 Jeevanandam J., Danquah M.K. Nanosensors for better diagnosis of health. In: Pal Kaushik, Gomes Fernando., editors. Micro and Nano Technologies, Nanofabrication for Smart Nanosensor Applications. Elsevier; 2020, 187–228. ISBN 9780128207024. Kisby, 2021, Reasons for success and lessons learnt from nanoscale vaccines against COVID-19, Nat Nanotechnol, 6, 843, 10.1038/s41565-021-00946-9 Schüle, 2008, Stabilization of IgG1 in spray-dried powders for inhalation, Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 69, 793, 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.02.010 Mahler, 2005, Induction and analysis of aggregates in a liquid IgG1-antibody formulation, Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 59, 407, 10.1016/j.ejpb.2004.12.004 Sou, 2011, New developments in dry powder pulmonary vaccine delivery, Trends Biotechnol, 29, 191, 10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.12.009 Wang, 2012, Stable dry powder formulation for nasal delivery of anthrax vaccine, J Pharm Sci, 101, 31, 10.1002/jps.22742 Velasquez, 2011, Intranasal delivery of Norwalk virus-like particles formulated in an in situ gelling, dry powder vaccine, Vaccine, 29, 5221, 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.05.027 von Halling, 2018, Spray dried cubosomes with ovalbumin and Quil-A as a nanoparticulate dry powder vaccine formulation, Int J Pharm, 550, 35, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.036 Luczo, 2021, Intranasal powder live attenuated influenza vaccine is thermostable, immunogenic, and protective against homologous challenge in ferrets, npj Vaccines, 6, 1, 10.1038/s41541-021-00320-9 Sokolova V, Epple M. Bioceramic nanoparticles for tissue engineering and drug delivery. InTissue Engineering Using Ceramics and Polymers, 2014, 633-647. Woodhead Publishing. Loca D, Locs J, Salma K, Gulbis J, Salma I, Berzina-Cimdina L. Porous hydroxyapatite bioceramic scaffolds for drug delivery and bone regeneration. InIOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2011, 18, 192019 IOP Publishing. Paul, 2005, Bioceramics, towards nano-enabled drug delivery: a mini review, Trends Biomater Artif Organs, 1, 7 Oliveira, 2021, Calcium phosphate-based bioceramics in the treatment of osteosarcoma: drug delivery composites and magnetic hyperthermia agents, Front Med Technol, 3, 700266, 10.3389/fmedt.2021.700266 Sokolova, 2021, Biological and medical applications of calcium phosphate nanoparticles, Chem Eur J, 27, 7471, 10.1002/chem.202005257 Behrad Ghiasi, Yahya Sefidbakht and Maryam Rezaei, Hydroxyapatite for Biomedicine and Drug Delivery, In M. Rahmandoust and M. R. Ayatollahi (eds.), Nanomaterials for Advanced Biological Applications, Advanced Structured Materials 104, Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 Pages 85-120, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10834-2_4. Shi, 2015, Human serum albumin conjugated nanoparticles for pH and redox-responsive delivery of a prodrug of cisplatin, Chemistry–A European Journal, 21, 16547, 10.1002/chem.201502756 Kabanov, 2009, Nanogels as pharmaceutical carriers: finite networks of infinite capabilities, Angew Chem Int Ed, 48, 5418, 10.1002/anie.200900441 Cuggino, 2019, Crossing biological barriers with nanogels to improve drug delivery performance, J Control Release, 307, 221, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.06.005 Peng, 2020, Zwitterionic polysulfamide drug nanogels with microwave augmented tumor accumulation and on-demand drug release for enhanced cancer therapy, Adv Funct Mater, 30, 2001832, 10.1002/adfm.202001832 Li, 2018, One-step preparation of pH-responsive polymeric nanogels as intelligent drug delivery systems for tumor therapy, Biomacromolecules, 19, 2062, 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00195 Kazemzadeh, 2019, Fullerene-based delivery systems, Drug Discovery Today, 24, 898, 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.01.013 Rezayat, 2009, The porphyrin–fullerene nanoparticles to promote the ATP overproduction in myocardium: 25Mg2+-magnetic isotope effect, Eur J Med Chem, 44, 1554, 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.07.030 Wan, 2019, Retracted: A novel DNA sensor based on C60NPs-PAMAM-PtPNPs to detect VKORC1 gene for guiding rational clinical therapy with Warfarin, Anal Chim Acta, 39, 1009 Venkatesan, 2005, Liquid filled nanoparticles as a drug delivery tool for protein therapeutics, Biomaterials, 26, 7154, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.05.012 Pochkaeva, 2020, Fullerene derivatives with amino acids, peptides and proteins: from synthesis to biomedical application, Prog Solid State Chem, 57, 100255, 10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2019.100255 Liu, 2016, The smart drug delivery system and its clinical potential, Theranostics, 6, 1306, 10.7150/thno.14858 Patravale V, Dandekar P, Jain R. Regulatory aspects of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. 2012:157–90. Dave, 2021, Current framework, ethical consideration and future challenges of regulatory approach for nano-based products, Nanopharm Adv Deliv Syst, 447, 10.1002/9781119711698.ch19 Itani, 2020, Optimizing use of theranostic nanoparticles as a life-saving strategy for treating COVID-19 patients, Theranostics, 10, 5932, 10.7150/thno.46691 Ledford, 2020, Hopes rise for coronavirus drug remdesivir, Nature Cojocaru, 2020, Nanomaterials designed for antiviral drug delivery transport across biological barriers, Pharmaceutics, 12, 171, 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020171 Zhu, 2019, Application of virus targeting nanocarrier drug delivery system in virus-induced central nervous system disease treatment, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 11, 19006, 10.1021/acsami.9b06365 DiMasi, 2010, Trends in risks associated with new drug development: success rates for investigational drugs, Clin Pharmacol Ther, 87, 272, 10.1038/clpt.2009.295 Alteri, 2018, Be open about drug failures to speed up research, Nature, 563, 317, 10.1038/d41586-018-07352-7 Zhou, 2016, Bacteria synchronized for drug delivery, Nature, 536, 33, 10.1038/nature18915 Silva, 2018, Symbiotic microencapsulation to enhance Lactobacillus acidophilus survival, LWT, 89, 503, 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.11.026 Ananthoji, 2011, Symbiosis of zeolite-like metal–organic frameworks (rho-ZMOF) and hydrogels: Composites for controlled drug release, J Mater Chem, 21, 9587, 10.1039/c1jm11075f Brady, 2021, Lack of consideration of sex and gender in COVID-19 clinical studies, Nat Commun, 12, 1, 10.1038/s41467-021-24265-8 Joung, 2020, Gender differences in adverse event reports associated with antidiabetic drugs, Sci Rep, 10, 1, 10.1038/s41598-020-74000-4 Planelles, 2020, Gender based differences, pharmacogenetics and adverse events in chronic pain management, Pharmacogenomics J, 20, 320, 10.1038/s41397-019-0118-9 Cirillo, 2020, Sex and gender differences and biases in artificial intelligence for biomedicine and healthcare, npj Digital Med, 3, 10.1038/s41746-020-0288-5 Eichler, 2019, Added therapeutic benefit and drug licensing, Nat Rev Drug Discovery, 18, 651, 10.1038/d41573-019-00068-x Zhang, 2020, Green nanoparticles for oligonucleotide delivery, Gene Ther, 27, 535, 10.1038/s41434-020-0173-5 Mohammadinejad, 2021, Electrospun nanocarriers for delivering natural products for cancer therapy, Trends Food Sci Technol, 118, 887, 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.10.007 Arun, 2021, Collagen nanoparticles in drug delivery systems and tissue engineering, Appl Sci, 11, 11369, 10.3390/app112311369 Alvarez-Lorenzo, 2008, Intelligent drug delivery systems: polymeric micelles and hydrogels, Mini Rev Med Chem, 8, 1065, 10.2174/138955708785909952 Jain, 2018, Self regulatory drug transport: an intelligent drug delivery system, Ars Pharm, 59, 173 Chen, 2016, Intelligent drug delivery system based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles coated with an ultra-pH-sensitive gatekeeper and poly (ethylene glycol), ACS Macro Lett, 5, 55, 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00765 Wang, 2018, Near-infrared light-triggered drug delivery system based on black phosphorus for in vivo bone regeneration, Biomaterials, 179, 164, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.06.039 Sharma, 2021, Intelligent automated drug administration and therapy: future of healthcare, Drug Deliv Transl Res, 11, 1, 10.1007/s13346-020-00876-4