Mutualisms and Aquatic Community Structure: The Enemy of My Enemy Is My Friend

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics - Tập 35 Số 1 - Trang 175-197 - 2004
Mark E. Hay1, John D. Parker1, Deron E. Burkepile1, Christopher C. Caudill2,1, Alan E. Wilson1, Zachary Hallinan1, Alexander D. Chequer1
1School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230
2Fish Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Fish and Wildlife, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-1141

Tóm tắt

▪ Abstract  Mutualisms occur when interactions between species produce reciprocal benefits. However, the outcome of these interactions frequently shifts from positive, to neutral, to negative, depending on the environmental and community context, and indirect effects commonly produce unexpected mutualisms that have community-wide consequences. The dynamic, and context dependent, nature of mutualisms can transform consumers, competitors, and parasites into mutualists, even while they consume, compete with, or parasitize their partner species. These dynamic, and often diffuse, mutualisms strongly affect community organization and ecosystem processes, but the historic focus on pairwise interactions decoupled from their more complex community context has obscured their importance. In aquatic systems, mutualisms commonly support ecosystem-defining foundation species, underlie energy and nutrient dynamics within and between ecosystems, and provide mechanisms by which species can rapidly adjust to ecological variance. Mutualism is as important as competition, predation, and physical disturbance in determining community structure, and its impact needs to be adequately incorporated into community theory.

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Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics

Tập 35 Số 1

175-197

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