Multiscale geophysical imaging of the critical zone

Reviews of Geophysics - Tập 53 Số 1 - Trang 1-26 - 2015
A. Parsekian1, Kamini Singha2, B. J. Minsley3, W. Steven Holbrook1, Lee Slater4
1Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming USA
2Department of Geology and Geological Engineering Colorado School of Mines Golden Colorado USA
3U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado , USA
4Department of Earth and Environmental Science Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Newark New Jersey USA

Tóm tắt

AbstractDetails of Earth's shallow subsurface—a key component of the critical zone (CZ)—are largely obscured because making direct observations with sufficient density to capture natural characteristic spatial variability in physical properties is difficult. Yet this inaccessible region of the CZ is fundamental to processes that support ecosystems, society, and the environment. Geophysical methods provide a means for remotely examining CZ form and function over length scales that span centimeters to kilometers. Here we present a review highlighting the application of geophysical methods to CZ science research questions. In particular, we consider the application of geophysical methods to map the geometry of structural features such as regolith thickness, lithological boundaries, permafrost extent, snow thickness, or shallow root zones. Combined with knowledge of structure, we discuss how geophysical observations are used to understand CZ processes. Fluxes between snow, surface water, and groundwater affect weathering, groundwater resources, and chemical and nutrient exports to rivers. The exchange of gas between soil and the atmosphere have been studied using geophysical methods in wetland areas. Indirect geophysical methods are a natural and necessary complement to direct observations obtained by drilling or field mapping. Direct measurements should be used to calibrate geophysical estimates, which can then be used to extrapolate interpretations over larger areas or to monitor changing processes over time. Advances in geophysical instrumentation and computational approaches for integrating different types of data have great potential to fill gaps in our understanding of the shallow subsurface portion of the CZ and should be integrated where possible in future CZ research.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Abraham J. D. J. C.Cannia P. A.Bedrosian M. R.Johnson L. B.Ball andS. S.Sibray(2012) Airborne electromagnetic mapping of the base of aquifer in areas of western Nebraska U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011‐5219 38 pp.

10.1002/esp.3330

Aster R., 2005, Parameter Estimation and Inverse Problems

10.1029/2009RG000285

10.1002/2013JG002414

10.1093/treephys/24.12.1323

10.2136/vzj2010.0108er

10.1029/2007JB005248

Bieker D., 2010, Quercus Robur, Can. J. Forest Res, 189

10.1051/forest/2009103

10.1007/1-4020-3102-5_5

10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.09.017

10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.05.001

10.1029/2008WR007341

Brantley S. L. et al. (2006) Frontiers in exploration of the critical zone: Report of a workshop sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) 30 pp. Newark Dec. 24 – 26 Oct.

10.1016/j.gca.2008.11.013

10.1046/j.1365-2427.1997.00143.x

10.1190/geo2013-0354.1

10.1002/jgrf.20137

10.1093/treephys/21.17.1269

10.1021/es103438a

10.1029/2004WR003008

10.3997/1873-0604.2009013

10.2113/JEEG14.3.115

10.1785/0120130294

10.1016/j.epsl.2006.02.033

10.1029/2011JF001987

10.1029/2006GL029014

10.1029/2007JG000575

10.1029/2011JG001701

10.1002/hyp.10056

10.1190/1.3553003

10.1029/2004JB003569

10.1190/1.3496476

10.1029/2009EO230004

10.1071/EG998240

10.2475/03.2010.01

10.1016/j.plantsci.2006.06.012

10.1190/1.1444026

Grauch V. J. S. J. D.Phillips D. J.Koning P. S.Johnson andV.Bankey(2009) Geophysical interpretations of the southern Espanola Basin New Mexico that contribute to understanding its hydrogeologic framework U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1761 88 pp.

10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.02.001

10.1029/2009WR008819

Hansen B. P. andJ. W.Lane(1995) Use of surface and borehole geophysical surveys to determine fracture orientation and other site characteristics in crystalline bedrock terrain Millville and Uxbridge Massachusetts US Department of the Interior US Geological Survey.

10.5194/hess-17-4043-2013

10.1016/j.pnmrs.2008.01.002

10.1007/s11104-008-9845-4

10.1002/esp.3502

10.1029/2011GL047759

10.1016/j.cageo.2005.11.006

10.1029/2009WR008340

10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01766-0

10.1023/B:GEOP.0000006075.80413.69

10.1190/1.3464760

10.1029/2008GL034690

10.1002/grl.50187

10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.03.027

10.1029/2012WR011893

Jol H. M.(Ed.) (2008) Ground penetrating radar theory and applications Elsevier Amsterdam.

10.1016/j.jmr.2012.02.019

10.5194/hess-16-1845-2012

10.1029/96WR03978

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.12.003

10.1002/hyp.7711

10.2307/1937740

10.1029/2005WR004237

10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00047-6

10.1002/eco.176

10.2136/vzj2012.0200

10.1007/1-4020-3102-5_4

10.5194/hess-14-25-2010

10.5194/tc-8-815-2014

10.1111/j.1365-2478.1996.tb00142.x

10.1785/0120000098

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.04.023

10.1016/j.catena.2007.08.004

10.1002/hyp.5944

Marchand W. D., 2001, Proceedings of the 58th Eastern Snow Conference, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: USA, Eastern Snow Conference, 71

Mavko G., 1998, The Rock Physics Handbook: Tools for Seismic Analysis in Porous Media

10.1038/ngeo315

10.1016/j.advwatres.2007.05.018

McClymont A. F., 2011, Investigating groundwater flow paths within proglacial moraine using multiple geophysical methods, J. Hydrology, 399, 57, 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.12.036

10.1002/hyp.9316

10.1190/geo2014-0001.1

Menke W., 1989, Geophysical Data Analysis: Discrete Inverse Theory

10.1029/2011GL050079

Morat P., 1994, Electrical potential on a tree: A measurement of the sap flow, Compt. Rendus Acad. Des Sci. Serie III Sci. Vie, 317, 98

10.2136/sssaj2010.0413

10.1190/1.3471523

10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/045009

10.1002/wrcr.20458

10.1190/1.2133785

10.1016/j.earscirev.2004.01.004

10.1190/geo2012-0474.1

10.1029/JB079i035p05412

10.3997/1873-0604.2012023

10.3997/1873-0604.2010043

10.1190/1.1444590

10.2113/JEEG17.3.129

10.1002/2013JG002411

10.1029/2010JG001543

10.1002/ppp.1775

10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03966.x

10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05340.x

10.1007/s00024-013-0733-3

10.1029/2011WR010779

10.1007/1-4020-3102-5_9

10.3997/1873-0604.2009033

10.1007/978-3-540-88405-7

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.042

10.1073/pnas.1404763111

10.1017/CBO9781139094252

10.1029/2004GL022124

10.1002/esp.3225

10.1002/esp.3499

10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02446.x

10.1190/geo2012-0333.1

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.02.002

10.1007/s10040-006-0103-7

10.1093/treephys/9.1-2.147

10.2166/nh.1998.0026

10.1029/2003WR002567

10.3997/1873-0604.2009032

Scales J. A., 2001, Introductory Geophysical Inverse Theory

10.1002/grl.50953

10.1007/s10040-007-0252-3

10.1029/2006WR005326

10.1126/science.1108339

10.3997/1873-0604.2009043

10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00103.x

10.1029/2010WR009110

10.1002/esp.3646

Smith B. D. J. D.Abraham J. C.Cannia B. J.Minsley M.Deszcz‐Pan andL. B.Ball(2010) Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data portions of the North Platte and South Platte Natural Resources Districts western Nebraska May 2009 U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep. 1259: 33.

10.3997/1873-0604.2004015

10.1007/1-4020-3102-5_8

10.2166/nh.2012.182

10.2136/vzj2010.0134

10.1137/1.9780898717921

10.1002/2013WR014147

10.2113/gseegeosci.18.1.83

10.1175/JHM600.1

10.1029/2005WR004395

10.1190/1.1759466

10.1071/EG08027

10.1029/2009GL041572

10.1071/EG07006

10.1002/hyp.7244

10.1029/2001WR000824

10.1029/2011WR011595

10.1002/wrcr.20174

10.1002/hyp.7672

10.1029/2011WR011461

Ward S. H., 1988, Electromagnetic Methods in Applied Geophysics: Volume 1. Theory, 129

10.1111/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00655.x

10.1029/2006GL027092

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.05.017

10.1016/S1464-1895(99)00127-1

10.1029/97WR03285

10.1190/1.1444578

10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03203.x

Yokota Y. M.Matsumoto A.Gaber M.Grasmueck andM.Sato(2011) Estimation of biomass of tree roots by GPR with high accuracy positioning system in Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) 2011 IEEE International pp.190–193.

10.1002/ppp.451

10.1071/FP08062

10.1190/1.9781560801719.ch9

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Reviews of Geophysics

Tập 53 Số 1

1-26

Thông tin tác giả