Multiple perpetrator rape: A critical review of existing explanatory theories

't Hart-Kerkhoffs, 2011, Juvenile group sex offenders: A comparison of group leaders and followers, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26, 3, 10.1177/0886260510362882 Aebi, 2012, Offender types and criminality dimensions in male juveniles convicted of sexual offenses, Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 24, 265, 10.1177/1079063211420449 Alleyne, 2014, Community males show multiple-perpetrator rape proclivity: Development and preliminary validation of an interest scale, Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 26, 82, 10.1177/1079063213480819 Amir, 1971 Barbaree, 2006 Baron, 2003 Berger, 1986, Sexual assault in a college community, Sociological Focus, 19, 1 Bijleveld, 2003, Juvenile sex offenders: Differences between group and solo offenders, Psychology Crime and Law, 9, 237, 10.1080/1068316021000030568 Bijleveld, 2008, Verdachten van een groepszedendelict, Tijdschrift voor Seksuologie, 32, 80 Bijleveld, 2007, Group sex offending by juveniles: Coercive sex as group activity, European Journal of Criminology, 4, 5, 10.1177/1477370807071728 Blanchard, 1959, The group process in gang rape, The Journal of Social Psychology, 49, 259, 10.1080/00224545.1959.9919314 Bourgois, 1996, In search of masculinity: Violence, respect and sexuality among Puerto Rican crack dealers in East Harlem, British Journal of Criminology, 36, 412, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a014103 Bronfenbrenner, 1979 Brownmiller, 1975 Chambers, 2010, A typology of multiple-perpetrator rape, Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37, 1114, 10.1177/0093854810377971 Curry, 1991, Fraternal bonding in the locker room: A profeminist analysis of talk about competition and women, Sociology of Sport Journal, 8, 119, 10.1123/ssj.8.2.119 da Silva, 2013, Multiple perpetrator rape as an international phenomenon, 10 da Silva, 2013, Heterogeneity within multiple perpetrator rapes: A national comparison of lone, duo and 3+ perpetrator rapes, Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment De Wree, 2004 DeKeserdy, 1993, Male peer support and women abuse: An expansion of DeKeserdy's model, Sociological Spectrum, 13, 394 Donat, 1992, A feminist redefinition of rape and sexual assault: Historical foundations and change, Journal of Social Issues, 48, 9, 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb01154.x Ehrhart, 1985 Etgar, 2013, Multiple perpetrator rape offenders: Treatment issues, 235 Etgar, 2009, Advantages of group therapy for adolescent participants in the same gang rape, Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 18, 302, 10.1080/10538710902881329 Finkelhor, 2009 Franklin, 2004, Enacting masculinity: Antigay violence and group rape as participatory theater, Sexuality Research and Social Policy: Journal of NSRC, 1, 25, 10.1525/srsp.2004.1.2.25 Franklin, 2013, Masculinity, status, and power: Implicit messages in Western media discourse on high-profile cases of multiple perpetrator rape, 37 Gannon, 2006, Cognitive distortions in child molesters: A re-examination of key theories and research, Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 1000, 10.1016/j.cpr.2005.11.010 Gannon, 2007, Cognitive distortions in child molesters: Theoretical and research developments over the past two decades, Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12, 402, 10.1016/j.avb.2006.09.005 Gidycz, 1990, A comparison of group and individual sexual assault victims, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 14, 325, 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1990.tb00023.x Goldstein, 2002 Groth, 1979 Hall, 1986, Tolerance of rape: A sexist or antisocial attitude?, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 10, 110, 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1986.tb00739.x Harkins, 2010, Sexual offending in groups: An evaluation, Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15, 87, 10.1016/j.avb.2009.08.006 Harkins, 2013, A multi-factorial approach to understanding multiple perpetrator sexual offending, 75 Hauffe, 2009, An interpersonal comparison of lone and group rape offences, Psychology Crime and Law, 15, 469, 10.1080/10683160802409339 Henry, 2004, A multifactorial model of wartime rape, Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9, 535, 10.1016/S1359-1789(03)00048-X Hooing, 2010, Juvenile sex offenders in a mandatory educational programme: Subtypes and characteristics, Journal of Sexual Aggression, 16, 332, 10.1080/13552600903350991 Horvath, 2009, Multiple perpetrator rape: Naming an offence and initial research findings, Journal of Sexual Aggression, 15, 83, 10.1080/13552600802653818 Humphrey, 2000, Fraternities, athletic teams, and rape: Importance of identification with a risky group, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15, 1313, 10.1177/088626000015012005 Hunter, 2000, Juvenile perpetrated sex crimes: Patterns of offending and predictors of violence, Journal of Family Violence, 15, 81, 10.1023/A:1007553504805 Janis, 1982 Jewkes, 2013, Streamlining: Understanding gang rape in South Africa, 116 Lees, 2002 Longo, 2006, Introduction, 31 Lonsway, 1994, Rape myths in review, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 18, 133, 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1994.tb00448.x Malamuth, 1991, Characteristics of aggressors against women: Testing a model using a national sample of college students, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 670, 10.1037/0022-006X.59.5.670 Marshall, 1990, An integrated theory of the etiology of sexual offending, 257 Martin, 1989, Fraternities and rape on campus, Gender and Society, 3, 457, 10.1177/089124389003004004 McGrath, 2003 Milgram, 2005 O'Sullivan, 1991, Acquaintance gang rape on campus, 140 Porter, 2013, Leadership and role-taking in multiple perpetrator rape, 160 Porter, 2001, A partially ordered scale of influence in violent group behavior: An example from gang rape, Small Group Research, 32, 475, 10.1177/104649640103200405 Porter, 2004, Behavioural coherence in violent group activity: An interpersonal model of sexually violent gang behavior, Aggressive Behavior, 30, 449, 10.1002/ab.20047 Porter, 2006, Examining group rape: A descriptive analysis of offender and victim behavior, European Journal of Criminology, 3, 357, 10.1177/1477370806065586 Russell, 1975 Sanday, 1981 Sanday, 2007 Schultz, 1967 Scully, 1985, Riding the bull at Gilley's: Convicted rapists describe the rewards of rape, Social Problems, 3, 251, 10.2307/800685 Sidanius, 1999 Ullman, 2007, Comparing gang and individual rapes in a community sample of urban women, Violence and Victims, 22, 43, 10.1891/vv-v22i1a003 Ward, 2006, An integrated theory of sexual offending, Aggression and Violent Behavior, 11, 44, 10.1016/j.avb.2005.05.002 Ward, 2006 White, 1998, Male violence toward women: An integrated perspective, 203 Wood, 2013, Multiple perpetrator rape during war, 132 Woodhams Woodhams, 2012, Leadership in multiple perpetrator stranger rape, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27, 728, 10.1177/0886260511423244 Wright, 1981, Rape — A comparison of group offences and lone assaults, Medicine, Science and the Law, 21, 25, 10.1177/002580248102100106 Zimbardo, 2007