Multiple Quaternary Refugia in the Eastern Guiana Shield Revealed by Comparative Phylogeography of 12 Frog Species

Systematic Biology - Tập 61 Số 3 - Trang 461 - 2012
Antoine Fouquet1,2,3, Brice P. Noonan4, Miguel Tréfaut Rodrigues3, Nicolas Pech2, André Gilles2, Neil J. Gemmell5,1
1Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11.461, CEP 05422-970 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
2Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie, UMR 6116, Equipe Evolution Génome Environnement, Centre St. Charles, Case 36, 3 place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
3Molecular Ecology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand
4Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Box 1848, MS 38677, USA; and
5Centre for Reproduction and Genomics, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand

Tóm tắt

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Abdelkrim, 2009, Fast, cost-effective development of species-specific microsatellite markers by genomic sequencing, Biotechniques, 46, 185, 10.2144/000113084

Akaike, 1981, A new look at the statistical-model identification. Eng, Technol. Appl. Sci., 19, 716

Amézquita, 2009, Calls, colours, shape, and genes: a multitrait approach to the study of geographic variation in the Amazonian frog Allobates femoralis, Biol. J. Lin. Soc., 98, 826, 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01324.x

Arbogast, 2002, Estimating divergence times from molecular data on phylogenetic and population genetic timescales. Annu. Rev. Ecol, Syst, 33, 707

Ávila-Pires, 2010, Notes on the Vertebrates of northern Pará, Brazil: a forgotten part of the Guianan Region, I. Herpetofauna, Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi, 5, 13

Avise, 2000, the history and formation of species, Cambridge

Avise, 2009, Phylogeography: retrospect and prospect, J. Biogeogr, 36, 3, 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.02032.x

Avise, 2008, In the light of evolution II, Biodiversity and extinction (an introduction), 105, 11453

Baird, 2008, Rapid SNP discovery and genetic mapping using sequenced RAD markers. PLoS One. 3:e3376

Balakrishnan, 2005, Species concepts, species boundaries and species identification: a view from the tropics, Syst. Biol., 54, 689, 10.1080/10635150590950308

Barbault, 1980, Observations sur la reproduction et la dynamique des populations de quelques anoures tropicaux. V. Phrynobatrachus calcaratus. Acta Oecol. Oecol, Gener, 1, 373

Barbault, 1978, Observations sur la reproduction et la dynamique des populations de quelques anoures tropicaux. I. Ptychadena maccarthyensis et Ptychadena oxyrhynchus, Terre Vie, 32, 441

Barbault, 1979, Observations sur la reproduction et la dynamique des populations de quelques anoures tropicaux. III. Arthroleptis poecilontus, Trop. Ecol, 20, 64

Bates, 2004, Avian mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence across as headwater stream of the Rio Tapajos, a major Amazonian river, J. Ornithol, 145, 199, 10.1007/s10336-004-0039-4

Beaumont, 2002, Approximate Bayesian computation in population genetics, Genetics, 162, 2025, 10.1093/genetics/162.4.2025

Beebee, 1992, Amphibian decline, Nature, 355, 120, 10.1038/355120a0

Beebee, 1996, Ecology and conservation of amphibians.

Bernard, 2008, Inventários biológicos rápidos no parque nacional montanhas do Tumucumaque, Amapá, Brasil. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 48

Blaustein, 1994, Amphibian declines—judging stability, persistence, and susceptibility of populations to local and global extinctions, Conserv. Biol., 8, 60, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08010060.x

Boisselier-Dubayle, 2010, Population structure of the Bromeliaceae Pitcairnia geyskesii from the French Guianan inselbergs: possible implications on past history of rainforests, Ecography, 33, 175, 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2009.05446.x

Brown, 2010, Bayesian dating of shallow phylogenies with a relaxed clock, Syst. Biol., 59, 119, 10.1093/sysbio/syp082

Buckley, 2009, Toward an organismal, integrative, and iterative phylogeography, BioEssays, 31, 784, 10.1002/bies.200800162

Buckley, 2007, Environmental and historical constraints on global patterns of amphibian richness, Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., 274, 1167, 10.1098/rspb.2006.0436

Bush, 1994, Amazonian speciation—a necessarily complex model, J. Biogeogr, 21, 5, 10.2307/2845600

Cabanne, 2008, d'Horta F.M., Sari E.H.R., Santos F.R., Miyaki C.Y, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 49, 760, 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.09.013

Carey, 2003, Climate change and amphibian declines: is there a link?, Divers. Distrib, 9, 111, 10.1046/j.1472-4642.2003.00011.x

Carnaval, 2009, Stability predicts genetic diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic forest hotspot, Science, 323, 785, 10.1126/science.1166955

Caron, 2000, Spatial and temporal distribution of chloroplast DNA polymorphism in a tropical tree species, Mol. Ecol, 9, 1089, 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00970.x

Carstens, 2005, Investigating the evolutionary history of the Pacific Northwest mesic forest ecosystem: hypothesis testing within a comparative phylogeographic framework, Evolution, 59, 1639, 10.1554/04-661.1

Carstens, 2007, Shifting distributions and speciation: species divergence during rapid climate change, Mol. Ecol, 16, 619, 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03167.x

Charles-Dominique, 1998, Forest perturbations and biodiversity during the last ten thousand years in French Guiana, Acta Oecol, 19, 295, 10.1016/S1146-609X(98)80033-7

Clapperton, 1993, Nature of environmental changes in South America at the Last Glacial Maximum, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol, 101, 189, 10.1016/0031-0182(93)90012-8

Clement, 2000, TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies, Mol. Ecol, 9, 1657, 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01020.x

Colinvaux, 2000, Amazonian and neotropical plant communities on glacial time-scales: the failure of the aridity and refuge hypotheses, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 19, 141, 10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00059-1

Colinvaux, 1996, A long pollen record from lowland Amazonia: forest and cooling in glacial times, Science, 274, 85, 10.1126/science.274.5284.85

Da Silva, 2005, The fate of the Amazonian areas of endemism, Conserv. Biol., 19, 689, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00705.x

Da Silva, 1998, Molecular phylogeography and the evolution and conservation of Amazonian mammals, Mol. Ecol, 7, 475, 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00276.x

de Granville, 1982, Rain forest and xeric flora refuges in French Guiana, Biological diversification in the tropics, 159

De la Riva I., Köhler J., Lötters S., Reichle S, 2000, Ten years of research on Bolivian amphibians: updated checklist, distribution, taxonomic problems, literature and iconography, Rev. Esp. Herp, 14, 19

de Sá, 2005, Are Leptodactylus didymus and L. mystaceus phylogenetically sibling species (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae)?

Descamps, 1978, Étude des écosystemes Guyanais. II. Données biogeographiques sur la partie orientale des Guyanes. C. R, Séances Soc. Biogéogr, 467, 55

Donnelly, 1999, Reproductive phenology of Eleutherodactylus bransfordii in northeastern Costa Rica, J. Herpetol, 33, 624, 10.2307/1565579

Drummond, 2003, .

Duellman, 1982, Quaternary climatic—ecological fluctuations in the lowland tropics: frogs and forests, Biological diversification in the tropics, 389

Duellman, 1999, Patterns of distribution of Amphibians: a global perspective

Duellman, 1986, Biology of amphibians.

Duputié, 2009, Population genetics of Manihot esculenta ssp flabellifolia gives insight into past distribution of xeric vegetation in a postulated forest refugium area in northern Amazonia., Mol. Ecol., 18, 2897, 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04231.x

Dutech, 2000, Chloroplast diversity in Vouacapoua americana (Caesalpiniaceae), a neotropical forest tree, Mol. Ecol, 9, 1427, 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01027.x

Dutech, 2003, Tracking a genetic signal of extinction-recolonization events in a neotropical tree species: Vouacapoua americana aublet in french guiana, Evolution, 57, 2753, 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb01517.x

Dutech, 2004, Gene flow, historical population dynamics and genetic diversity within French Guianan populations of a rainforest tree species, Vouacapoua americana, Heredity, 92, 69, 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800384

Edwards, 2000, Perspective: gene divergence, population divergence, and the variance in coalescence time in phylogeographic studies, Evolution, 54, 1839

Efron, 1979, 1977 Rietz lecture—bootstrap methods—another look at the jackknife, Ann. Stat, 7, 1, 10.1214/aos/1176344552

Emerson, 2001, Revealing the demographic histories of species using DNA sequences, Trends Ecol. Evol., 16, 707, 10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02305-9

Erixon, 2003, Reliability of Bayesian posterior probabilities and bootstrap frequencies in phylogenetics, Syst. Biol., 52, 665, 10.1080/10635150390235485

Excoffier, 2008, Surfing during population expansions promotes genetic revolutions and structuration, Trends Ecol. Evol., 23, 347, 10.1016/j.tree.2008.04.004

Felsenstein, 1985, Confidence limits on phylogenies—an approach using the bootstrap, Evolution, 39, 783, 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x

Fouquet, 2007, Description of two new species of Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from the lowlands of the Guiana shield, Zootaxa, 1663, 17, 10.11646/zootaxa.1663.1.2

Fouquet, 2007, Underestimation of species richness in Neotropical frogs revealed by mtDNA analyses. PLoS One. 2:e1109

Fouquet, 2011, Phylogenetic position of Dendropsophus gaucheri (Lescure and Marty 2000) highlights the need for an in-depth investigation of the phylogenetic relationships of Dendropsophus (Anura: Hylidae), Zootaxa, 3035, 59, 10.11646/zootaxa.3035.1.3

Fouquet, 2007, Revealing cryptic diversity using molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography in frogs of the Scinax ruber and Rhinella margaritifera species groups, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 43, 567, 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.12.006

Fu, 1997, Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection, Genetics, 147, 915, 10.1093/genetics/147.2.915

Galatti, 1992, Population biology of the frog Leptodactylus pentadactylus in a central Amazonian rainforest, J. Herpetol, 26, 23, 10.2307/1565017

Gascon, 1998, Patterns of genetic population differentiation in four species of Amazonian frogs: a test of the riverine barrier hypothesis, Biotropica, 30, 104, 10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00373.x

Gemmell, 1996, An efficient method for the extraction of DNA from vertebrate tissues, Trends Genet., 12, 338, 10.1016/S0168-9525(96)80005-9

Gond, 2011, Broad-scale spatial pattern of forest landscape types in the Guiana Shield, Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf, 13, 357, 10.1016/j.jag.2011.01.004

Gramapurohit, 2004, Growth, sexual maturation and body size dimorphism in the Indian bullfrog, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Daud, Herpetologica, 60, 414, 10.1655/03-97

Grant, 2006, Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat, Hist, 299, 1

Haffer, 1969, Speciation in Amazonian forest birds, Science, 165, 131, 10.1126/science.165.3889.131

Haffer, 2008, Hypotheses to explain the origin of species in Amazonia, Braz. J. Biol., 68, 917, 10.1590/S1519-69842008000500003

Halliday, 1995, Intrasexual selection and alternative mating behaviour

Hammond, 2005, Tropical forests of the Guiana Shield: ancient forests in a modern world. Cambridge (MA): CABI publishing. p. 528

Harvey, 1994, Phylogenies without fossils, Evolution, 48, 523, 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1994.tb01341.x

Heard, 2002, The signatures of random and selective mass extinctions in phylogenetic tree balance, Syst. Biol., 51, 889, 10.1080/10635150290102591

Heinicke, 2007, Major Caribbean and Central American frog faunas originated by ancient oceanic dispersal. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 104, 10092

Hey, 2007, Integration within the Felsenstein equation for improved Markov chain Monte Carlo methods in population genetics, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 104, 2785, 10.1073/pnas.0611164104

Hickerson, 2010, Phylogeography's past, present, and future: 10 years after Avise, 2000, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 54, 291, 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.09.016

Hillis, 1993, An empirical-test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis, Syst. Biol., 42, 182, 10.1093/sysbio/42.2.182

Hooghiemstra, 1997, Tropical rain forest versus savanna; two sides of a precious medal? A comment. The Hague (the Netherlands): NWO/Huygenslezing. p. 32–43

Hoorn, 2010, Amazonia through time: Andean uplift, climate change, landscape evolution, and biodiversity, Science, 330, 927, 10.1126/science.1194585

Huang, 2011, MTML-msBayes: approximate Bayesian comparative phylogeographic inference from multiple taxa and multiple loci with rate heterogeneity, BMC Bioinformatics, 12, 1, 10.1186/1471-2105-12-1

Huber, 2003, Conservation priorities for the Guyana Shield

Hubert, 2006, Historical biogeography of South American freshwater fishes, J. Biogeogr, 33, 1414, 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01518.x

Hudson, 2003, Stochasticity overrules the “three-times rule”: genetic drift, genetic draft, and coalescence times for nuclear loci versus mitochondrial DNA, Evolution, 57, 182

Huelsenbeck, 2001, MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees, Bioinformatics, 17, 754, 10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754

Igawa, 2008, Complete mitochondrial genomes of three neobatrachian anurans: a case study of divergence time estimation using different data and calibration settings, Gene, 407, 116, 10.1016/j.gene.2007.10.001

Irwin, 2002, Phylogeographic breaks without geographic barriers to gene flow, Evolution, 56, 2383, 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00164.x

Jablonski, 2006, Out of the tropics: evolutionary dynamics of the latitudinal diversity gradient, Science, 314, 102, 10.1126/science.1130880

Knowles, 2004, The burgeoning field of statistical phylogeography, J. Evolution. Biol., 17, 1, 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00644.x

Knowles, 2009, Statistical phylogeography, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst, 40, 593, 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095702

Knowles, 2002, Statistical phylogeography, Mol. Ecol, 11, 2623, 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01637.x

Kok, 2006, A new species of Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from French Guiana with a redescription of Colostethus beebei (Noble, 1923) from its type locality, Phyllomedusa, 5, 43, 10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v5i1p43-66

Kumbar, 2001, Determination of age, longevity and age at reproduction of the frog Microhyla ornata by skeletochronology, J. Biosci, 26, 265, 10.1007/BF02703650

Kuo, 2005, Phylogeographic breaks in low-dispersal species: the emergence of concordance across gene trees, Genetica, 124, 179, 10.1007/s10709-005-2095-y

Laurance, 2007, Have we overstated the tropical biodiversity crisis?, Trends Ecol. Evol., 22, 65, 10.1016/j.tree.2006.09.014

Laurance, 2002, Predictors of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon, J. Biogeogr, 29, 737, 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00721.x

Ledru, 2000, Reconstitution de l'écosystème forestier guyanais au cours de l'Holocène supérieur: apport de la palynologie, Dynamique à long terme des écosystèmes forestiers intertropicaux, 199

Librado, 2009, DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data, Bioinformatics, 25, 1451, 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp187

Lötters, 2010, Reinforcing and expanding the predictions of the disturbance vicariance hypothesis in Amazonian harlequin frogs: a molecular phylogenetic and climate envelope modelling approach, Biodivers. Conserv, 19, 2125, 10.1007/s10531-010-9869-y

Lougheed, 1999, Ridges and rivers: a test of competing hypotheses of Amazonian diversification using a dart-poison frog (Epipedobates femoralis), Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., 266, 1829, 10.1098/rspb.1999.0853

Lundberg, 1998, The stage for neotropical fish diversification: a history of South American rivers, Phylogeny and classification of neotropical fishes, 13

Lyles, 1988, A long and rocky road to reversing rainforest destruction, Nature, 333, 491, 10.1038/333491b0

Magallon, 2001, Absolute diversification rates in angiosperm clades, Evolution, 55, 1762, 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00826.x

Marková, 2010, Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data reveal the evolutionary history of Barbus (Cyprinidae) in the ancient lake systems of the Balkans., Mol. Phylogenet. Evol, 55, 488, 10.1016/j.ympev.2010.01.030

Mayle, 2004, Responses of Amazonian ecosystems to climatic and atmospheric carbon dioxide changes since the last glacial maximum, Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., 359, 499, 10.1098/rstb.2003.1434

McLachlan, 2000, Finite mixture models. Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics

Mendelson, 2006, Biodiversity—confronting amphibian declines and extinctions, Science, 313, 48, 10.1126/science.1128396

Miaud, 2000, Age, size, and growth of the alpine newt, Triturus alpestris (Urodela: Salamandridae), at high altitude and a review of life-history trait variation throughout its range, Herpetologica, 56, 135

Mohr, 1947, Table of equivalent populations of North American mammals, Am. Midl. Nat, 37, 223, 10.2307/2421652

Morrison, 2003, Altitudinal variation in growth and development rates of tadpoles of Litora chloris and Litoria pearsoniana in southeast Queensland, Australia, J. Herpetol, 37, 59, 10.1670/0022-1511(2003)037[0059:AVIGAD]2.0.CO;2

Morrison, 2004, Altitudinal variation in the age at maturity, longevity, and reproductive lifespan of anurans in subtropical Queensland, Herpetologica, 60, 34, 10.1655/02-68

Moritz, 1998, Comparative phylogeography and the identification of genetically divergent areas for conservation, Mol. Ecol, 7, 419, 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00317.x

Moritz, 2000, Diversification of rainforest faunas: an integrated molecular approach. Annu. Rev. Ecol, Syst, 31, 533

Moussalli, 2009, Variable responses of skinks to a common history of rainforest fluctuation: concordance between phylogeography and palaeo-distribution models, Mol. Ecol, 18, 483, 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.04035.x

Nee, 1994, The reconstructed evolutionary process, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., 344, 305, 10.1098/rstb.1994.0068

Noonan, 2005, Phylogeography and demography of Guianan harlequin toads (Atelopus): diversification within a refuge, Mol. Ecol, 14, 3017, 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02624.x

Noonan, 2006, Refugial isolation and secondary contact in the dyeing poison frog Dendrobates tinctorius, Mol. Ecol, 15, 4425, 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03074.x

Noonan, 2006, Neotropical diversification: the effects of a complex history on diversity within the poison frog genus Dendrobates, J. Biogeogr, 33, 1007, 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01483.x

Nyári, 2007, Phylogeographic patterns, molecular and vocal differentiation, and species limits in Schiffornis turdina (Aves), Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 44, 154, 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.020

Panchal, 2007, The automation and evaluation of nested clade phylogeographic analysis, Evolution, 61, 1466, 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00124.x

Pennington, 2000, Neotropical seasonally dry forests and Quaternary vegetation changes, J. Biogeogr, 27, 261, 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00397.x

Penny, 1985, The use of tree comparison metrics. Syst, Zool, 34, 75

Petit, 2008, The coup de grace for the nested clade phylogeographic analysis?, Mol. Ecol, 17, 516, 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03692.x

Pimm, 1995, The future of biodiversity, Science, 269, 347, 10.1126/science.269.5222.347

Posada, 1998, MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution, Bioinformatics, 14, 817, 10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817

Pounds, 2001, Climate and amphibian declines, Nature, 410, 639, 10.1038/35070683

Pounds, 1994, Amphibian declines and climate disturbance—the case of the golden toad and the harlequin frog, Conserv. Biol., 8, 72, 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08010072.x

Pounds, 1999, Biological response to climate change on a tropical mountain, Nature, 398, 611, 10.1038/19297

Pramuk, 2007, Around the world in 10 million years: biogeography of the nearly cosmopolitan true toads (Anura: Bufonidae). Global Ecol, Biogeogr, 17, 72, 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00348.x

Pybus, 2000, Testing macro-evolutionary models using incomplete molecular phylogenies, Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., 267, 2267, 10.1098/rspb.2000.1278

Pybus, 2002, New inferences from tree shapes: numbers of missing taxa and population growth rates, Syst. Biol., 51, 881, 10.1080/10635150290102582

Rabosky, 2006, Likelihood methods for detecting temporal shifts in diversification rates, Evolution, 60, 1152, 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb01194.x

Rambaut, 2003

Ramirez, 1998, Population biology of a neotropical frog (Rana vaillanti), J. Herpetol, 32, 338, 10.2307/1565447

R Development Core Team., 2010, . R: a language and environment for statistical computing [Internet], Vienna (Austria): R Foundation for Statistical Computing

Reading, 1991, The relationship between body length, age and sexual maturity in the common toad, Bufo bufo, Holarctic Ecol, 12, 245

Reading, 2003, Reproduction in the nest building vizcacheras frog Leptodactylus bufonius in central Argentina, Amphibia-Reptilia, 24, 415, 10.1163/156853803322763882

Roelants, 2007, Global patterns of diversification in the history of modern amphibians, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 104, 887, 10.1073/pnas.0608378104

Rowe, 2006, Comparative phylogeography of eastern chipmunks and white-footed mice in relation to the individualistic nature of species, Mol. Ecol, 15, 4003, 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03063.x

Rull, 2004, Biogeography of the `Lost World': a palaeoecological perspective, Earth Sci. Rev., 67, 125, 10.1016/j.earscirev.2004.02.004

Rull, 2008, Speciation timing and neotropical biodiversity: the Tertiary-Quaternary debate in the light of molecular phylogenetic evidence, Mol. Ecol, 17, 2722, 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03789.x

Rull, 2006, Unexpected biodiversity loss under global warming in the Neotropical Guayana Highlands: a preliminary appraisal, Glob. Change Biol., 12, 1, 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001080.x

Saether, 2005, Generation time and temporal scaling of bird population dynamics, Nature, 436, 99, 10.1038/nature03666

Salducci, 2005, Phylogenetic relationships and biodiversity in hylids (Anura: Hylidae) from French Guiana. C. R, Biol., 328, 1009

San Mauro, 2005, Initial diversification of living amphibians predated the breakup of, Pangaea. Am. Nat, 165, 590, 10.1086/429523

Santos, 2009, Amazonian amphibian diversity is primarily derived from late Miocene Andean lineages, PLoS Biol., 7, 448, 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000056

Sarthou, 2001, Genetic structure of the saxicole Pitcairnia geyskesii (Bromeliaceae) on inselbergs in French Guiana. Am. J, Bot, 88, 861, 10.2307/2657038

Sastre, 1976, Quelques aspects de la phytogéographie des milieux ouverts guyanais, Biogéographie et évolution en Amérique tropicale, 67

Servant, 2000, Diversité actuelle de la forêt tropicale et changements passés du climat: Le programme écosystèmes et paléoécosystèmes des forêts intertropicales (ECOFIT). Bilan et perspectives, Dynamique à long terme des écosystèmes forestiers intertropicaux, 13

Simões, 2010, The description of a cryptic species related to the pan-Amazonian frog Allobates femoralis (Boulenger 1883) (Anura: Aromobatidae), Zootaxa, 2406, 1, 10.11646/zootaxa.2406.1.1

Slatkin, 1991, Pairwise comparisons of mitochondrial DNA sequences in stable and exponentially growing populations, Genetics, 1291, 555, 10.1093/genetics/129.2.555

Solomon, 2008, Paleodistributions and comparative molecular phylogeography of leafcutter ants (Atta spp.) provide new insight into the origins of Amazonian diversity. PLoS One. 3(7):e2738

Steiner, 2003, Mitochondrial diversity and morphological variation of Marmosa murina (Didelphidae) in French Guiana, J. Mammal, 84, 822, 10.1644/BME-019

Stephens, 2003, A comparison of Bayesian methods for haplotype reconstruction, Am. J. Hum. Genet., 73, 1162, 10.1086/379378

Stephens, 2001, A new statistical method for haplotype reconstruction from population data, Am. J. Hum. Genet., 68, 978, 10.1086/319501

Stuart, 2004, Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide, Science, 306, 1783, 10.1126/science.1103538

Swenson, 2005, Clustering of contact zones, hybrid zones, and phylogeographic breaks in North America, Am. Nat, 166, 581, 10.1086/491688

Swofford, 1993, Paup—a computer-program for phylogenetic inference using maximum parsimony, J. Gen. Physiol, 102, A9

Tajima, 1989, Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism, Genetics, 123, 585, 10.1093/genetics/123.3.585

Templeton, 1998, Nested clade analyses of phylogeographic data: testing hypotheses about gene flow and population history, Mol. Ecol, 7, 381, 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1998.00308.x

Thompson, 1997, The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools, Nucleic Acids Res., 25, 4876, 10.1093/nar/25.24.4876

Tilley, 1980, Life histories and comparative demography of two salamander populations, Copeia, 1980, 806, 10.2307/1444460

Toledo, 2005, Recognition and distribution of Leptodactylus mystaceus (Anura; Leptodactylidae) in the state of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, Biota Neotrop, 5, 57, 10.1590/S1676-06032005000100006

Turcq, 2002, Carbon storage in Amazonia during the Last Glacial Maximum: secondary data and uncertainties, Chemosphere, 49, 821, 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00383-1

Van der Hammen, 1994, Amazonia during the last glacial, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol, 109, 247, 10.1016/0031-0182(94)90178-3

Van der Hammen, 2000, Neogene and Quaternary history of vegetation, climate, and plant diversity in Amazonia, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 19, 725, 10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00024-4

Van Vuuren, 2004, Geographic patterns of genetic variation in four Neotropical rodents: conservation implications for small game mammals in French Guiana. Biol. J. Lin. Soc., 81, 203

Vitt, 1996, Behaviour ecology of Tropidurus hispidus on isolated rock outcrops in Amazonia, J. Trop. Ecol, 12, 747, 10.1017/S0266467400009329

Wakeley, 1997, Estimating ancestral population parameters, Genetics, 145, 847, 10.1093/genetics/145.3.847

Wallace, 1852, The monkeys of the, Amazon. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond, 20, 107

Wand, 1995, Kernel smoothing, 10.1007/978-1-4899-4493-1

Weir, 2006, Divergent timing and patterns of species accumulation in lowland and highland Neotropical birds, Evolution, 60, 842, 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2006.tb01161.x

Wells, 2007, The ecology and behavior of Amphibians, 10.7208/chicago/9780226893334.001.0001

White, 2008, Revealing the hidden complexities of mtDNA inheritance, Mol. Ecol, 17, 4925, 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03982.x

Wiens, 2005, Hylid frog phylogeny and sampling strategies for speciose clades, Syst. Biol., 54, 778, 10.1080/10635150500234625

Wilgenbusch, 2004, . AWTY: a system for graphical exploration of MCMC convergence in Bayesian phylogenetic inference [Internet]

Won, 2006, Dating dispersal and radiation in the gymnosperm Gnetum (Gnetales)—clock calibration when outgroup relationships are uncertain, Syst. Biol., 55, 610, 10.1080/10635150600812619

Wüster, 2005, Tracing an invasion: landbridges, refugia, and the phylogeography of the Neotropical rattlesnake (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus durissus), Mol. Ecol, 14, 1095, 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02471.x

Yanek, 2006, Genetic resolution of the enigmatic Lesser Antillean distribution of the frog Leptodactylus validus (Anura, Leptodactylidae), S. Am. J. Herpetol, 1, 192, 10.2994/1808-9798(2006)1[192:GROTEL]2.0.CO;2

Zeisset, 2008, Amphibian phylogeography: a model for understanding historical aspects of species distributions, Heredity, 101, 109, 10.1038/hdy.2008.30