Multilocus sequence typing: A portable approach to the identification of clones within populations of pathogenic microorganisms

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - Tập 95 Số 6 - Trang 3140-3145 - 1998
Martin Maiden1, Jane A. Bygraves1, Edward J. Feil1, Giovanna Morelli1, John Russell1, Rachel Urwin1, Qing Zhang1, Jiaji Zhou1, Kerstin Zurth1, Dominique A. Caugant1, Ian M. Feavers1,2, Mark Achtman1, Brian G. Spratt3,1
1Wellcome Trust Centre for the Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom; Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Controls, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, United Kingdom; School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Genetik, Ihnestrasse 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany; and World Health Organization Collaborating...
2World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Meningococci, National Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404, Torshov, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
3School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom

Tóm tắt

Traditional and molecular typing schemes for the characterization of pathogenic microorganisms are poorly portable because they index variation that is difficult to compare among laboratories. To overcome these problems, we propose multilocus sequence typing (MLST), which exploits the unambiguous nature and electronic portability of nucleotide sequence data for the characterization of microorganisms. To evaluate MLST, we determined the sequences of ≈470-bp fragments from 11 housekeeping genes in a reference set of 107 isolates of Neisseria meningitidis from invasive disease and healthy carriers. For each locus, alleles were assigned arbitrary numbers and dendrograms were constructed from the pairwise differences in multilocus allelic profiles by cluster analysis. The strain associations obtained were consistent with clonal groupings previously determined by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. A subset of six gene fragments was chosen that retained the resolution and congruence achieved by using all 11 loci. Most isolates from hyper-virulent lineages of serogroups A, B, and C meningococci were identical for all loci or differed from the majority type at only a single locus. MLST using six loci therefore reliably identified the major meningococcal lineages associated with invasive disease. MLST can be applied to almost all bacterial species and other haploid organisms, including those that are difficult to cultivate. The overwhelming advantage of MLST over other molecular typing methods is that sequence data are truly portable between laboratories, permitting one expanding global database per species to be placed on a World-Wide Web site, thus enabling exchange of molecular typing data for global epidemiology via the Internet.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

M Achtman Molecular Medical Microbiology, ed M Sussman (Academic, London, , in press. (1998).

R K Selander, P Beltran, N H Smith, R Helmuth, F A Rubin, D J Kopecko, K Ferris, B T Tall, A Cravioto, J M Musser Infect Immun 58, 2262–2275 (1990).

F Navarro, T Llovet, M A Echeita, P Coll, A Aladueña, M A Usera, G Prats J Clin Microbiol 34, 2831–2834 (1996).

R K Selander, J M Musser, D A Caugant, M N Gilmour, T S Whittam Microb Pathog 3, 1–7 (1987).

D A Caugant, K Bøvre, P Gaustad, K Bryn, E Holten, E A Høiby, L O Frøholm J Gen Microbiol 132, 641–652 (1986).

J Wang, D A Caugant, G Morelli, B Koumaré, M Achtman J Infect Dis 167, 1320–1329 (1993).

J Wang, D A Caugant, X Li, X Hu, J T Poolman, B A Crowe, M Achtman Infect Immun 60, 5267–5282 (1992).

A Seiler, R Reinhardt, J Sarkari, D A Caugant, M Achtman Mol Microbiol 19, 841–856 (1996).

R J P M Scholten, J T Poolman, H A Valkenburg, H A Bijlmer, J Dankert, D A Caugant J Infect Dis 169, 673–676 (1994).

R J P M Scholten, H A Bijlmer, J T Poolman, B Kuipers, D A Caugant, L van Alphen, J Dankert, H A Valkenburg J Infect Dis 16, 237–246 (1993).

D A Caugant, E A Høiby, P Magnus, O Scheel, T Hoel, G Bjune, E Wedege, J Eng, L O Frøholm J Clin Microbiol 32, 323–330 (1994).

J A F Dempsey, A B Wallace, J G Cannon J Bacteriol 177, 6390–6400 (1995).

G Morelli, B Malorny, K Müller, A Seiler, J Wang, J del Valle, M Achtman Mol Microbiol 25, 1047–1064 (1997).

J J Zhou, L D Bowler, B G Spratt Mol Microbiol 23, 799–812 (1997).

B G Spratt, N H Smith, J Zhou, M O’Rourke, E Feil The Population Genetics of the Pathogenic Neisseria, eds S Baumberg, J P W Young, J R Saunders, E M H Wellington (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.), pp. 143–160 (1995).

M Achtman Meningococcal Disease, ed K Cartwright (Wiley, New York), pp. 159–175 (1995).

M C J Maiden, B Malorny, M Achtman Mol Microbiol 21, 1297–1298 (1996).

J S Swartley, A A Marfin, S Edupuganti, L J Liu, P Cieslak, B Perkins, J D Wenger, D S Stephens Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94, 271–276 (1997).

M Tibayrenc Annu Rev Microbiol 50, 401–429 (1996).

B G Spratt, E Feil, N H Smith Molecular Medical Microbiology, ed M Sussman (Academic, London, , in press. (1998).

E F Boyd, F-S Wang, T S Whittam, R K Selander Appl Environ Microbiol 62, 804–808 (1996).

J Maynard Smith J Mol Evol 34, 126–129 (1992).

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Tập 95 Số 6

3140-3145

Thông tin tác giả