Movement, posture and equilibrium: Interaction and coordination

Alexeief, 1972, The mechanisms of interrelationship between human muscle activity in complex motor tasks, Zh. Physiol. U.S.S.R., 58, 1721

Allen, 1974, Cerebro-cerebellar communication systems, Physiol. Rev., 54, 957, 10.1152/physrev.1974.54.4.957

Alstermark, 1987, Long C3–C5 propriospinal neurons in the cat, Brain Res., 404, 382, 10.1016/0006-8993(87)91400-4

Alstermark, 1987, Vestibular effects in long C3–C5 propriospinal neurones, Brain Res., 404, 389, 10.1016/0006-8993(87)91401-6

Alstermark, 1987, Subpopulations and function of long C3–C5 propriospinal neurones, Brain Res., 404, 395, 10.1016/0006-8993(87)91402-8

Alstermark, 1983, Electromyographic activity in fast and slow elbow extensors during a visually guided forelimb movement in cats, Brain Res., 259, 155, 10.1016/0006-8993(83)91080-6

Alstermark, 1985, Timing of postural adjustment in relation to forelimb target-reaching in cats, Acta physiol. scand., 125, 337, 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1985.tb07724.x

Amblard, 1990, From posture to gait: which sensory input for which function?, 168

Amblard, 1985, Lateral orientation and stabilization of human stance: static versus dynamic visual cues, Expl Brain Res., 61, 21, 10.1007/BF00235617

Arbib, 1981, Perceptual structures and distributed motor control, Vol. II, 1449

Asai, 1990, The influence of foot soles coding on standing postural control, 198

Assaiante, 1990, Head stabilization in space while walking: effect of visual deprivation in children and adults, 229

Assaiante, 1990, Head-trunk coordination and locomotor equilibrium in 3 to 8 year old children

Babinski, 1899, De l'asynergie cérébelleuse, Rev. Neurol., 7, 806

Bazalgette, 1986, Postural adjustments associated with rapid voluntary arm movements in patients with Parkinson's disease, Vol. 45, 371

Belenkiy, 1967, On elements of control of voluntary movements, Biofizica, 12, 135

Benis, 1990, Etude d'un mouvement d'ajustement postural chez l'homme normal et hémiplégique, Thèse de Docteur en Sciences, 127

Benvenuti, 1990, Kinematic and EMG analysis of postural adjustments associated with fast elbow flexion movements, 72

Bernstein, 1967

Berthoz, 1988, Intermittent head stabilization during postural and locomotory tasks in humans, 189

Biguer, 1988, Neck muscle vibration modifies the representation of visual motion and direction in man, Brain, 111, 1405, 10.1093/brain/111.6.1405

Birjukova, 1989, Role of the sensorimotor cortex in postural adjustments accompanying a conditioned paw lift in the standing cat, Expl Brain Res., 78, 588, 10.1007/BF00230246

Bouisset, 1981, A sequence of postural movements precedes voluntary movement, Neurosci. Lett., 22, 263, 10.1016/0304-3940(81)90117-8

Bouisset, 1986, Etude chronométrique de programme posturocinétique lié au mouvement volontaire, J. Physiol. (Paris), 81, 14

Bouisset, 1987, Postural muscular activities and intentional movements, Med. Sport Sci., 26, 163, 10.1159/000414715

Bouisset, 1987, Biomechanical study of the programming of anticipatory postural adjustments associated with voluntary movement, J. Biomech., 20, 735, 10.1016/0021-9290(87)90052-2

Bouisset, 1988, Anticipatory postural adjustments and dynamic assymmetry, 177

Bouisset, 1990, Segmental movement as a perturbation to balance? Facts and concepts, 498

Brinkman, 1984, Supplementary motor area of the monkey's cerebral cortex: short- and long-term deficits after unilateral ablation and the effects of subsequent callosal section, J. Neurosci., 4, 918, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.04-04-00918.1984

Brookhart, 1965, Postural stability in the dog, Am. J. Physiol., 208, 1047, 10.1152/ajplegacy.1965.208.6.1047

Brooks, 1986, The Neural Basis of Motor Control, 330

Brown, 1987, Influence of event anticipation of postural actions accompanying voluntary movement, Expl Brain Res., 67, 645, 10.1007/BF00247295

Caminiti, 1990, Shift of preferred directions of premotor cortical cells with arm movements performed across the workspace, Expl Brain Res., 83, 228, 10.1007/BF00232214

Clement, 1985, Motor behavior underlying the control of an upside-down vertical posture, Expl Brain Res., 59, 478, 10.1007/BF00261337

Clement, 1984, Adaptation of postural control to weightlessness, Expl Brain Res., 57, 61, 10.1007/BF00231132

Clement, 1988, Contribution of eye positioning to control of the upside-down standing posture, Expl Brain Res., 73, 569, 10.1007/BF00406615

Cohen, 1961, Role of the eye and neck proprioceptive mechanisms in body orientation and motor coordination, J. Neurophysiol., 24, 1, 10.1152/jn.1961.24.1.1

Cordo, 1982, Properties of postural adjustments associated with rapid arm movements, J. Neurophysiol., 47, 287, 10.1152/jn.1982.47.2.287

Crenna, 1987, Forward and backward axial synergies in man, Expl Brain Res., 65, 538, 10.1007/BF00235977

Crenna, 1988, Forward and backward axial movements: two modes of central control, 195

de Waele, 1988, Vestibular control of skeletal geometry, 423

Dichgans, 1972, Moving visual scenes influence the apparent direction of gravity, Science, 178, 1217, 10.1126/science.178.4066.1217

Dick, 1986, Associated postural adjustments in Parkinson's disease, J. neurol. neurosurg. Psychiat., 49, 1378, 10.1136/jnnp.49.12.1378

Diener, 1986, Long loop reflexes and posture, 41

Diener, 1988, Pathophysiology of posture, 229

Diener, 1989, Disturbances of motor preparation in basal ganglia and cerebellar disorders, Vol. 80, 481

Diener, 1990, Associated postural adjustments with body movement in normal subjects and patients with Parkinsonism and cerebellar disease, Rev. Neurol., 146, 555

Dietz, 1989, Interlimb coordination of leg-muscle activation during perturbation of stance in humans, J. Neurophysiol., 62, 680, 10.1152/jn.1989.62.3.680

Dietz, 1989, Human postural reflexes and gravity—an under water simulation, Neursci. Lett., 106, 350, 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90189-4

Droulez, 1988, Topological aspects of sensori-motor control, 251

Droulez, 1986, Servo-controlled (conservative) versus topological (projective) mode of sensory motor control, 83

Dufosse, 1982, Biomechanical and electromyographical comparison of two postural supporting mechanisms in the cat, Expl Brain Res., 45, 38, 10.1007/BF00235761

Dufosse, 1985, Postural forearm changes induced by predictable in time or voluntary triggered unloading in man, Expl Brain Res., 60, 330, 10.1007/BF00235928

Dufosse, 1985, The postural reaction to the drop of a hindlimb support in the standing cat remains following sensori-motor cortical ablation, Neurosci. Lett., 55, 297, 10.1016/0304-3940(85)90452-5

Dufosse, 1988, Two modes of adaptative change to perturbations of forearm posture, 217

Dyhre-Poulsen, 1984, Programmed electromyographic activity and negative incremental muscle stiffness in monkeys jumping downward, J. Physiol. Lond., 350, 121, 10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015192

Eklund, 1972, Position sense and state of contraction: the effect of vibration, J. neurol. neurosurg. Psychiat., 41, 433

Forget, 1990, Anticipatory postural adjustment in the absence of normal peripheral feedback, Brain Res., 508, 176, 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91135-4

Friedli, 1984, Postural adjustments associated with rapid voluntary arm movements. I. Electromyographic data, J. neurol. neurosurg. Psychiat., 47, 611, 10.1136/jnnp.47.6.611

Friedli, 1988, Postural adjustments associated with rapid voluntary arm movements. II. Biomechanical analysis, J. neurol neurosurg. Psychiat., 51, 232, 10.1136/jnnp.51.2.232

Frolov, 1988, On the influence of movement kinematics on the support pressure pattern during postural adjustment of quadrupeds, 227

Gahery, 1987, Associate movements, postural adjustments and synergie: some comments about the history and significance of three motor concepts, Archs Ital Biol., 125, 345

Gahery, 1981, Coordination between posture and movement, TINS, 4, 199

Gahery, 1978, Postural and kinetic coordination following cortical stimuli which induce flexion movements in the cat's limbs, Brain Res., 155, 25, 10.1016/0006-8993(78)90585-1

Gahery, 1982, Déplacements verticaux du centre de gravité chez le chat lors de mouvements de flexion des membres provoqués par des stimulations du cortex moteur, C.R. Acad Sci, Paris, 295, 393

Gahery, 1980, The postural support of movement in cats and dogs, Acta neurobiol. exp., 40, 741

Gelfand, 1971, Some problems in movement analysis, 329

Gollhofer, 1989, Compensation of translational and rotational perturbations in human posture: stabilization of the centre of gravity, Neurosci. Lett., 105, 73, 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90014-1

Gray, 1944, Studies in the mechanics of the tetrapod skeleton, J. exp. Biol., 20, 88, 10.1242/jeb.20.2.88

Greenwood, 1976, Muscle responses during sudden falls in man, J. Physiol., Lond., 254, 507, 10.1113/jphysiol.1976.sp011242

Gurfinkel, 1973, Physical foundations of stabilography, Agressologie, 14, 9

Gurfinkel, 1973, On two types of static disturbances in patients with local lesions of the brain, Agressologie, 14D, 65

Gurfinkel, 1988, Participation of secondary motor area of the frontal lobe in organization of postural components of voluntary movements in man, Neurophysiology, 20, 7, 10.1007/BF02198418

Gurfinkel, 1981, Stabilization of body position as the main task of postural regulation, Fiziologya Cheloveka, 7, 400

Gurfinkel, 1988, Body scheme in the control of postural activity, 185

Gurfinkel, 1988, Anticipatory neck muscle activity associated with rapid arm movements, Neurosci. Lett., 94, 104, 10.1016/0304-3940(88)90278-9

Haas, 1989, Development of feedback and feedforward control of upright stance, Dev. Med. 1 Child Neurol., 31, 481, 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1989.tb04026.x

Head, 1920

Hess, 1943, Teleokinetisches und ereismatisches Kräftesystem in der Biomotorik, Helv. Physiol. Pharmac. Acta, 1, C62

Hein, 1967, Dissociation of the visual placing response into elicited and guided components, Science, 158, 390, 10.1126/science.158.3799.390

Hollerbach, 1982, Computers, brain and the control of movement, TINS, 5, 189

Holmes, 1939, The cerebellum of man, Brain, 62, 1, 10.1093/brain/62.1.1

Horak, 1986, Central programming of postural movements: adaptation to altered support surface configurations, J. Neurophysiol., 55, 1369, 10.1152/jn.1986.55.6.1369

Horak, 1984, The effects of movement velocity, mass displaced and task certainty on associated postural adjustments made by normal and hemiplegic individuals, J. neurol. neurosurg. Psychiat., 47, 1020, 10.1136/jnnp.47.9.1020

Horak, 1989, Influence of central set on human postural responses, J. Neurophysiol., 62, 841, 10.1152/jn.1989.62.4.841

Horak, 1989, Components of postural dyscontrol in the elderly: a review, Neurobiol. Aging, 10, 727, 10.1016/0197-4580(89)90010-9

Hugon, 1982, Anticipatory postural changes induced by active unloading and comparison with passive unloading in man, Pflügers Arch., 393, 292, 10.1007/BF00581412

Ioffé, 1973, Pyramidal influences in establishment of new motor coordinations in dogs, Physiol. Behav., 11, 145, 10.1016/0031-9384(73)90343-0

Ioffé, 1969, Inter-extremeties coordination in local motor conditioned reactions of dogs, Zh. Vyssh. Nervn. Deyat. Pavlova, 19, 557

Ioffé, 1988, On the role of motor cortex in the learned rearrangement of postural coordinations, 213

Ito, 1990, A new physiological concept of cerebellum, Rev. Neurol., 146, 564

Jeannerod, 1988

Johansson, 1988, Programmed and triggered actions to rapid load changes during precision grip, Expl Brain Res., 71, 72, 10.1007/BF00247523

Jung, 1960, The extrapyramidal motor system, Vol. 2

Lackner, 1988, Some proprioceptive influences on the perceptual representation of body shape and orientation, Brain, 111, 281, 10.1093/brain/111.2.281

Lacquaniti, 1989, The role of preparation in tuning anticipatory and reflex responses during catching, J. Neurosci., 9, 134, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.09-01-00134.1989

Lacquaniti, 1989, Adaptation to suppression of visual information during catching, J. Neurosci., 9, 149, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.09-01-00149.1989

Lacquaniti, 1990, The control of limb geometry in cat posture, J. Physiol., Lond., 426, 177, 10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp018132

Layne, 1990, EMG analysis of human postural responses during parabolic flight microgravity episodes, Aviat. Space envir. Med., 61, 994

Lee, 1980, Anticipatory control of postural and task muscles during rapid arm flexion, J. Motor Behav., 12, 185, 10.1080/00222895.1980.10735219

Lee, 1984, Neuromotor synergies as a basis for coordinated intentional action, J. Motor Behav., 16, 135, 10.1080/00222895.1984.10735316

Lee, 1987, Effects of arm acceleration and behavioural conditions on the organization of postural adjustments during arm flexion, Expl Brain Res., 66, 257, 10.1007/BF00243303

Lee, 1990, The organization of torque and EMG activity during bilateral handle pulls by standing humans, Expl Brain Res., 82, 304, 10.1007/BF00231250

Lestienne, 1988, Postural control in weightlessness: a dual process underlying adaptation to an unusual environment, TINS, 11, 359

Lestienne, 1977, Postural readjustment induced by linear motion of visual scenes, Expl Brain Res., 28, 363, 10.1007/BF00235717

Lipshits, 1981, Quantitative analysis of anticipatory postural components of a complex voluntary movement, Fiziologiya Cheloveka, 7, 411

Luccarini, 1990, Cholinoceptive pontine reticular structures modify the postural adjustments during the limb movements induced by cortical stimulation, Archs Ital. Biol., 128, 19

Lund, 1983, Effects of different head positions on postural sway in man induced by a reproducible vestibular error signal, Acta physiol. scand., 117, 307, 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1983.tb07212.x

Macpherson, 1988, The neural organization of postural control, 381

Macpherson, 1991, How flexible are muscle synergies?, 33

Magnus, 1924

Magnusson, 1990, The importance of somatosensory information from the feet of postural control in man, 190

Manzoni, 1979, Tonic cervical influences on posture and reflex movements, Arch. Ital. Biol., 117, 81

Marsden, 1981, Human postural responses, Brain, 104, 513, 10.1093/brain/104.3.513

Martin, 1967

Massion, 1976, Postural function of respiratory muscles, 175

Massion, 1984, Postural changes accompanying voluntary movements, 2, 261

Massion, 1960, Fonction posturale des muscles respiratoires, Archs Int. Physiol. Bioch., 68, 314, 10.3109/13813456009083552

Massion, 1989, La région de l'aire motrice supplémentaire est impliquée dans la coordination entre posture et mouvement chez l'homme, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 308, 417

Massion, 1991, Axial synergies under microgravity conditions, Expl Brain Res.

McKinley, 1983, Visual and vestibular contributions to prelanding EMG during jump-down in cats, Expl Brain Res., 52, 439, 10.1007/BF00238037

Melvill Jones, 1971, Observations on the control of stepping and hopping movements in man, J. Physiol., Lond., 219, 709, 10.1113/jphysiol.1971.sp009684

Meulders, 1960, Influence du lobe antérieur du cervelet sur l'activité tonique et respiratoire des muscle intercostaux, Archs Ital Biol., 98, 430

Mittelstaedt, 1964, Basic control patterns of orientational homeostasis, 18, 365

Mittelstaedt, 1983, A new solution to the problem of the subjective vertical, Naturwissenschaften, 70, 272, 10.1007/BF00404833

Mittelestaedt, 1990, The role of saccule-type receptors in gravity orientation, 148

Mittelstaedt, 1988, The relative effect of saccular and somatosensory information on spatial perception and control, Adv. Oto-Rhino-Laring, 42, 24, 10.1159/000416072

Mori, 1987, Integration of posture and locomotion in acute decerebrate cats and in awake, freely moving cats, Progr. Neurobiol., 28, 161, 10.1016/0301-0082(87)90010-4

Mori, 1989, Contribution of postural muscle tone to full expression of posture and locomotor movements: multi-faceted analyses of its setting brainstem-spinal cord mechanisms in the cat, Jap. J. Physiol., 39, 785, 10.2170/jjphysiol.39.785

Mouchnino, 1990, Coordinated control of posture and equilibrium during leg movement, 68

Nardone, 1988, Postural adjustments associated with voluntary contraction of leg muscles in standing man, Expl Brain Res., 69, 469, 10.1007/BF00247301

Nashner, 1977, Fixed patterns of rapid postural responses among leg muscles during stance, Expl Brain Res., 30, 13, 10.1007/BF00237855

Nashner, 1981, Relation of automatic postural responses and reaction-time voluntary movements of human leg muscles, Expl Brain Res., 43, 395, 10.1007/BF00238382

Nashner, 1986, Phase-dependent organization of postural adjustments associated with arm movements while walking, J. Neurophysiol., 55, 1382, 10.1152/jn.1986.55.6.1382

Nashner, 1985, The organization of human postural movements: a formal basis and experimental synthesis, Behav. Brain. Sci., 8, 135, 10.1017/S0140525X00020008

Nashner, 1979, Organization of rapid responses to postural and locomotor-like perturbations of standing man, Expl Brain Res., 36, 463, 10.1007/BF00238516

Nashner, 1983, Stance posture control in select groups of children with cerebral palsy: deficits in sensory organization and muscular coordination, Expl Brain Res., 49, 393, 10.1007/BF00238781

Nashner, 1988, Head-trunk movement coordination in the standing posture, Vol. 76, 243

Nashner, 1989, Organization of posture controls: an analysis of sensory and mechanical constraints, Vol. 80, 411

Oddsson, 1988, Coordination of a simple voluntary multijoint movement with postural demands: trunk extension in standing man, Acta physiol. scand., 134, 109, 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1988.tb08466.x

Oddsson, 1990, Control of voluntary trunk movements in man, 140

Oddsson, 1986, Fast voluntary trunk flexion movements in standing: primary movements and associated postural adjustments, Acta physiol. scand., 128, 341, 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1986.tb07987.x

Oddsson, 1987, Fast voluntary trunk flexion movements in standing: motor patterns, Acta physiol. scand., 129, 93, 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1987.tb08044.x

Oddsson, 1987, Co-ordinative movements of the pelvis and trunk are controlled by task specific motor programmes in man, J. Physiol. Lond., 390, 136

Paillard, 1971, Les déterminants moteurs de l'organisation de l'espace, Cahiers Psychol., 14, 261

Paillard, 1990, Motor neglect: issues and prospects, Rev. Neurol., 146, 600

Paulignan, 1989, Acquisition of co-ordination between posture and movement in a bimanual task, Expl Brain Res., 77, 337, 10.1007/BF00274991

Pedotti, 1989, Postural synergies in axial movements: short and long-term adaptation, Expl Brain Res., 74, 3, 10.1007/BF00248275

Petrovici, 1968, Apraxia of gait and of trunk movements, J. neurol. Sci., 7, 229, 10.1016/0022-510X(68)90145-7

Pozzo, 1989, Head kinematic during various motor tasks in humans, Vol. 80, 377

Prochazka, 1989, Sensorimotor gain control: a basic strategy of motor systems?, Prog. Neurobiol., 33, 281, 10.1016/0301-0082(89)90004-X

Quoniam, 1990, Proprioceptive induced interactions between segmental and whole body posture, 194

Rademaker, 1931

Ramos, 1990, Simulation experiments can shed light on the functional aspects of postural adjustments related to voluntary movements, 507

Rispal-Padel, 1982, Cerebellar nuclear topography of simple and synergistic movements in the alert baboon (Papio papio), Expl Brain Res., 47, 365, 10.1007/BF00239355

Roberts, 1978

Rogers, 1990, Dynamic transitions in stance support accompanying leg flexion movements in man, Expl Brain Res., 81, 398, 10.1007/BF00228132

Rogers, 1987, Postural adjustments preceding rapid arm movements in parkinsonian subjects, Neurosci. Lett., 75, 246, 10.1016/0304-3940(87)90305-3

Roll, 1981, Contribution de la proprioception musculaire à la perception et au contrôle du mouvement chez l'homme, Thèse de Doctoratés-Sciences, 194

Roll, 1988, Extraocular proprioception and body postural references, 23

Roll, 1989, Eye, head and skeletal muscle spindle feedback in the elaboration of body references, Vol. 80, 113

Rondot, 1979, Physiopathology of cerebellar movement, 203

Sherrington, 1906

Soechting, 1989, Sensorimotor representations for pointing to targets in three-diamensional space, J. Neurophysiol., 62, 582, 10.1152/jn.1989.62.2.582

Soechting, 1989, Errors in pointing are due to approximations in sensorimotor transformations, J. Neurophysiol., 62, 595, 10.1152/jn.1989.62.2.595

Stelmach, 1989, Age, functional postural reflexes, and voluntary sway, J. Gerontol., 44, B100, 10.1093/geronj/44.4.B100

Thomas, 1940

Traub, 1980, Anticipatory postural reflexes in Parkinson's disease and other akinetic-rigid syndromes and in cerebellar ataxia, Brain, 103, 393, 10.1093/brain/103.2.393

Viallet, 1987, Performance of a bimanual load-lifting task by Parkinsonian patients, J. neurol. neurosurg. Psychiat., 50, 1274, 10.1136/jnnp.50.10.1274

Viallet, 1991, Coordination between posture and movement in a bimanual load lifting task: putative role of a mesial region including the supplementary motor area, Expl Brain Res.

Vidal, 1986, The orientation of the cervical vertebral column in unrestrained awake animals. I. Resting position, Expl Brain Res., 61, 549, 10.1007/BF00237580

Wiesendanger, 1987, Input and output organization of the supplementary motor area, 132, 40

Windhorst, 1991, What are the output units of motor behavior and how are they controlled?, 101

Wise, 1984, Anatomical and physiological organization of the non-primary motor cortex, TINS, 7, 442

Woollacott, 1990, Changes in postural control and the integration of postural responses into voluntary movements with aging: is border line pathology a contributor?, 221

Woollacott, 1984, Preparatory process for anticipatory postural adjustments: modulation of leg muscls reflex pathways during preparation for arm movements in standing man, Expl Brain Res., 55, 263, 10.1007/BF00237277

Woollacott, 1987, Children's development of posture and balance control: changes in motor coordination and sensory integration, Vol. II, 211

Woollacott, 1988, Response preparation and posture control, Vol. 15, 42

Zattara, 1986, Etude chronométrique du programme posturo-cinétique lié au mouvement volontaire, J. Physiol., Paris, 81, 14

Zattara, 1986, Chronometric analysis of the posturo-kinetic programming of voluntary movement, J. Motor Behav., 18, 215, 10.1080/00222895.1986.10735378