Motor Issues in Specific Language Impairment: a Window into the Underlying Impairment

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Oral volitional movements in children with language impairments. Child Neuropsychol. 1997;3(2):81–97. DiDonato Brumbach AC, Goffman L. Interaction of language processing and motor skill in children with specific language impairment. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2014;57:158–71. This study examined the lip and jaw movement of children with SLI using the Optotrak Motion Camera system, a system designed to capture movement in three-dimensional space. This system provides highly accurate measures of speech-motor ability, which allow for the detection of small differences in variability between children with SLI and TD children. Folio M, Fewell R. Peabody developmental motor scales. 2nd ed. Austin: Pro-Ed; 2000. Botting N, Riches N, Gaynor M, et al. Gesture production and comprehension in children with specific language impairment. Br J Dev Psychol. 2010;28:51–69. Iverson JM, Braddock BA. Gesture and motor skill in relation to language in children with language impairment. 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Sequence-specific procedural learning deficits in children with specific language impairment. Dev Sci. 2014;17(3):352–65. This study is one of two studies to the authors’ knowledge that explored a non-sequence based measure of procedural learning in children with SLI. Their results suggested that the deficits in SLI are specific to sequence-based information. Lukacs A, Kemeny F. Domain-general sequence learning deficit in specific language impairment. Neuropsychology. 2014;28(3):472–83. Lum JAG, Gelgic C, Conti-Ramsden G. Procedural and declarative memory in children with and without specific language impairment. J Lang Commun Disord. 2010;45(10):96–107. Mayor-Dubois C, Zesiger P, Van der Linden M, et al. Nondeclarative learning in children with specific language impairment: predicting regularities in the visuomotor, phonological, and cognitive domains. Child Neuropsychol: J Norm Abnorm Dev Child Adolesc. 2014;20(1):14–22. Tomblin JB, Mainela-Arnold E, Zhang X. 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