Hoạt tính diệt muỗi và kháng Plasmodium của Senna occidentalis (Cassiae) và Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae) từ đồi Maruthamalai đối với Anopheles stephensi và Plasmodium falciparum

Parasitology Research - Tập 114 - Trang 3657-3664 - 2015
Kadarkarai Murugan1, Narayanan Aarthi1, Kalimuthu Kovendan1, Chellasamy Panneerselvam1, Balamurugan Chandramohan1, Palanisamy Mahesh Kumar1, Duraisamy Amerasan1, Manickam Paulpandi1, Ramachandran Chandirasekar1, Devakumar Dinesh1, Udaiyan Suresh1, Jayapal Subramaniam1, Akon Higuchi2, Abdullah A. Alarfaj3, Marcello Nicoletti4, Heinz Mehlhorn5, Giovanni Benelli6
1Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
2Department of Reproduction, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
3Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
4Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
5Department of Parasitology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
6Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

Tóm tắt

Hàng năm, các bệnh do muỗi truyền nhiễm đến gần 700 triệu người, dẫn đến hơn 1 triệu ca tử vong. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã đánh giá hoạt tính diệt ấu trùng, diệt nhộng và độc tính khói của chiết xuất lá Senna occidentalis và Ocimum basilicum đối với vector sốt rét Anopheles stephensi. Hơn nữa, hoạt tính chống plasmodium của các chiết xuất thực vật được đánh giá đối với các chủng Plasmodium falciparum kháng chloroquine (CQ-r) và nhạy cảm với chloroquine (CQ-s). Trong các thí nghiệm diệt ấu trùng và diệt nhộng, LC50 của S. occidentalis dao động từ 31.05 (ấu trùng instar I) đến 75.15 ppm (nhộng), và LC50 của O. basilicum dao động từ 29.69 (ấu trùng instar I) đến 69 ppm (nhộng). Các thí nghiệm độc tính khói được thực hiện trên người trưởng thành cho thấy rằng các cuộn S. occidentalis và O. basilicum tạo ra tỷ lệ tử vong tương đương với đối chứng dương tính dựa trên pyrethrin (38, 52 và 42%, tương ứng). Trong các thử nghiệm chống plasmodium, nồng độ ức chế 50% (IC50) của Senna occidentalis là 48.80 μg/ml (CQ-s) và 54.28 μg/ml (CQ-r), trong khi IC50 của O. basilicum là 68.14 μg/ml (CQ-s) và 67.27 μg/ml (CQ-r). Tóm lại, các loại thảo dược này có thể được coi là nguồn tiềm năng của các chất chuyển hóa để xây dựng các công cụ kiểm soát sốt rét mới và an toàn hơn.

Từ khóa

#sốt rét #Senna occidentalis #Ocimum basilicum #Anopheles stephensi #Plasmodium falciparum #diệt ấu trùng #độc tính khói #kháng chloroquine

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