Morphological systematics of the relief and its implications for geography and geoecology

Pleiades Publishing Ltd - Tập 38 - Trang 30-37 - 2017
D. V. Lopatin1, A. I. Zhirov1
1St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia

Tóm tắt

We examine the issue concerning the determination of the line of demarcation between geomorphology and the related Earth sciences which is associated with elementarization of continual topographic surface of the planet’s relief. We present our view of the progression along this direction that relies on the theory of the system-morphological foundation of Earth sciences. We established the existence of the synenergy effect in the use of the system-morphological approach in all particular geographical sciences: in microclimatology, it provides a means of referencing microclimates and “local climates” to topographic features; in soil science, it revitalizes the notion of an elementary soil area thus simplifying the process of soil mapping. In geobotany and biogeocenology, this approach helps to make results from studying phytocenose productivity and from dendroindication investigations more representative. We determined a direct practical importance of landscape geophysics and assessments of the significance of geotopes on land surface as well as on the bottom of the World Ocean and beneath mainland glaciers. It is suggested that the system-morphological approach be used in the interests of a further development not only of traditional analytical geomorphology but also its new, synthetic direction that relates geomorphology with social sciences. It is established that in such a case the symmetry tools can be sued to define the relief as the set of locations with anthropogenic objects, processes and phenomena.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Lee, E.M., Geomorphological Mapping, Geological Society Engineering Geology Special Publication, vol. 18, Land Surface Evaluation for Engineering Practice, J.S. Griffith, Ed., London: The Geological Society, 2001, pp. 53–56. Timofeev, D.A., Fundamentals of Geomorphology: Degree of Understanding, and Prospects for Study, in Deliberations on the Fundamental Problems in Geomorphology: Selected Works, Moscow: Media-PRESS, 2011, pp. 13–14 [in Russian]. Huggett, R.J., Fundamentals of Geomorphology, 3rd Ed. (Routledge Fundamentals of Physical Geography), New York: Routledge, 2011. Markov, K.K., On the Geomorphological Map, Geol. Vestn., 1929, vol. 17, issues 1–3, pp. 34–41 [in Russian]. Lastochkin, A.N., Morphodynamical Analysis, Leningrad: Nedra, 1987 [in Russian]. Lastochkin, A.N., The System-Morphological Foundation of Earth’s Sciences, St. Petersburg: Sankt-Peterb. Univ., 2002 [in Russian]. Lastochkin, A.N. and Zinchenko, A.G., Methods of Geomorphological Mapping of the Shelf and Continental Slope of the Russian Federation (With Applications to the Goals of Gosgeolkarta-1000), Moscow: Geoinformmark, 2001 [in Russian]. Khudyakov, G.I., The Principles of Morphostructural Analysis and Reconstruction of the Development History of the Terrestrial Relief, in The South of the Far East, G.I. Khudyakov, Ed., Moscow: Nauka, 1972 [in Russian]. Lopatin, D.V., Morphotectonics of Northeast Asia, Geomorfologiya, 2003, no. 2, pp. 3–9 [in Russian]. Geomorphology Manual, A.N. and Lastochkin D.V. Lopatin, Eds., Moscow: Akademiya, 2005 [in Russian]. Geomorphology Manual, A.N. and Lastochkin D.V., Lopatin, Eds., 2nd Ed., Moscow: Akademiya, 2011 [in Russian]. Dynamical and Engineering Geomorphology, D.V. Lopatin, Ed., St. Petersburg: Sankt-Peterb. Univ., 2013 [in Russian]. Lopatin, D.V., Theory and Methodology of Geomorphology, St. Petersburg: Sankt-Peterb. Univ., 2013 [in Russian]. Neef, E., Die theoretischen Grundlagen der Landschaftslehre, Leipzig: VEB Hermann Haack, Geographisch-Kartographische Anstalt Gotha, 1967. Geomorphological Atlas of the Antarctic, A.N. Lastochkin, Ed., St. Petersburg: Sankt-Peterb. Univ. and Karta, 2011 [in Russian]. Lastochkin, A.N. and Zhirov, A.I., The Possibilities of Using the Geotope-Logical Technique in Microclimate Research, Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Geogr., 1995, no. 4, pp. 48–56 [in Russian]. Zhirov, A.I. and Strelkov, A.S., The Map of Topographic Plasticity of Leningrad Oblast and Its Soil-Ecological Interpretation, Regional’naya Ekologiya, 2005, nos. 3–4, pp. 189–195 [in Russian]. Zhirov, A.I., Monakhov, A.K. and Shubina, M.A., Phytomass Assessment of High Productive Pine Stands Based on Radar Mapping Data, Lesnoi Zhurnal, 2001, no. 4, pp. 37–40 [in Russian]. Zhirov, A.I. and Solodov, A.A., Comprehensive Ecological Assessment of Forest-Growing Conditions on the Geotopological Basis, Lesnoi Zhurnal, 2000, no. 3, pp. 43–50 [in Russian]. Kolbovskii, Yu.E., Landscape Science, Moscow: Akademiya, 2006 [in Russian]. Dmitriev, V.V., Zhirov, A.I. and Lastochkin, A.N., Applied Ecology, Moscow: Akademiya, 2008 [in Russian]. Kugler, H., Die geomorphologische Reliefanalyse als Grundlage großmaßstäbiger geomorphologisher Kartierung, Wiss.Veröff. Deut. Inst. f. Länderkunde, N. F. 21/22, Leipzig, 1964, pp. 541–655. Butvilovskii, V.V., Introduction to Theoretical Geomorphology–Alternative Views, Novokuznetsk: Kuzbas. Ped. Akad., 2009 [in Russian]. Minár, J. and Evans, I.S., Elementary Forms for Land Surface Segmentation: The Theoretical Basis of Terrain Analysis and Geomorphological Mapping, Geomorphology, 2008, vol. 95, issues 3–4, pp. 236–259. Antarctic. Geomorphologic Atlas. International Issue, A.N. Lastochkin, Ed., St. Petersburg: SPbSU, JSC Karta, 2013. Dramis, F., The Antarctic. Geomorphologic Atlas, Book Reviews–recensioni, Torino: The Italian Glaciological Committee, 2013, p.385. Zwolinski, Z., Boltramovich, S., Kejna, M., Lastochkin, A., and Zhirov A., Environmental Impact on Contemporary Solute and Sedimentary Fluxes in Antarctica: Current Knowledge, in Source-to-Sink Fluxes in Undisturbed Cold Environments, A.A. Beylich, Ed., Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2016, pp. 163–182. Varshanina, T.P., Koretskii, V.V., Plisenko O.A., Teploukhov, S.V., and Shekhov, Z.A., The Possibilities for an Automated Ordination of Geomorphosystems on the Basis of an Empirically Objective Information-Mathematical 3D Model of Geometric Surface of Relief, Proc. 35th Jubilee Plenary Meeting of the Geomorphology Commission of RAS (October 3–8, 2016, Simferopol), Simferopol, 2016, in 2 vol., vol. 1, pp. 331–335 [in Russian]. Applied Geomorphology on the Basis of General Theory of Geosystems, A.N. Lastochkin, Ed., St. Petersburg: Sankt-Peterb. Univ., 2008 [in Russian]. Proc. IAG/AIG International Workshop “Objective Geomorphological Representation on Models Breaking Through a New Geomorphological Mapping Frontier” (October 15–19, 2012, Salerno), Salerno, 2012. Lastochkin, A.N., Egorov, I.V. and Kuznetsov, T.V., Investigation of the Subaquatic Surface and Disjunctive Morphotectonic Structure of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge Axial Zone, Vestnik Sankt-Peterb. Univ., Ser. 7, 2012, issue 1, pp. 50–63 [in Russian]. Zhirov, A.I. and Shavel, I.I., Algorithm of Engineering-Geomorphological Investigations for Assessing Geomorphological Risks, Vestnik Sankt-Peterb. Univ., Ser. 7, 2008, issue 1, pp. 62–72 [in Russian]. Zhirov, A.I. and Kalygin, M.N., Topographic Features of the Usa River Basin and Its Engineering-Geomorphological Assessment in Connection With Development of Oil Fields, Vestnik Sankt-Peterb. Univ., Ser. 7, 2011, issue 3, pp. 109–118 [in Russian]. Lastochkin, A.N., Geoecology of Landscape: Ecological Research Into Environment on the Topological Basis, St. Petersburg: Sankt-Peterb. Univ., 1995 [in Russian]. Zhirov, A.I. and Solodov, A.A., Ecological-Geomorphological Assessment Mapping on the Geotopological Basis, Proc. 23rd Plenary Meeting of the Geomorphology Commission of RAS “Problems of Specialized Geomorphological Mapping” (October 7–11, 1996, Volgograd), Volgograd: Peremena, 1996, pp. 89–91 [in Russian]. Church, M., The Trajectory of Geomorphology, Prog. Phys. Geog., 2010, vol. 34, issue 3, pp. 265–286. Summerfield, M.A., The Changing Landscape of Geomorphology, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 2005, vol. 30, issue 6, pp. 779–781. Slaymaker, O., The Future of Geomorphology, Geogr. Compass, 2009, vol. 3, issue 1, pp. 329–349. Nevskii, V.N., Geomorphology and Post-Modernism, Nauchnyi Dialog, 2015, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 6–20 [in Russian]. Dadson, S., Geomorphology and Earth System Science, Progr. Phys. Geog., 2010, vol. 34, issue 3, pp. 385–398. Sherman, D.J., Fashion in Geomorphology, Proc. 27th Binghamton Symp. in Geomorphology “The Scientific Nature of Geomorphology” (September 27–29, 1996, Urbana-Champaign), B.L. Rhoads and C.E. Thorn, Eds., Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 1996, pp. 87–114. Bishop, M.P., James, L.A., Shroder, J.F., and Walsh, S.J., Geospatial Technologies and Digital Geomorphological Mapping: Concepts, Issues and Research, Geomorphology, 2012, vol. 137, issue 1, pp. 5–26.