Morphofunctional Maturation of Preschool Children during Early Systematic Education

Human Physiology - Tập 29 - Trang 295-300 - 2003
M. V. Antropova1, L. M. Kuznetsova1, T. M. Paranicheva1, N. I. Smirnova1
1Institute of Developmental Physiology, Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia

Tóm tắt

Experimental physiological, psychological, and hygienic longitudinal studies were carried out with children who began systematic developing education in the first childhood period (from 4 years) at preschool educational institutions. The results enabled the authors to evaluate the course of biological development at the fifth and sixth years of life. A two-year period at a “preschool gymnasium” or a kindergarten (teaching and upbringing complex) did not have a negative impact on the development of the children or their health. Developing lessons with their intellectual and static loads caused a notable fatigue in the children. The most manifest functional tension was found in the children with some developmental lag, mainly boys, whose development is delayed as compared to girls.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Program of the Development of New Forms of Russian Preschool Education under the Present Socioeconomic Conditions, Vestn. Obraz., 2000, no. 7, p. 35. Stepanova, M.I., Kuindzhi, N.N., Sazanyuk, Z.I., et al., Hygienic Problems of the Regulation of Educational Exercise in Preschool Children, in Vserossiiskaya nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya “Gigiena detei i podrostkov” (All-Russian Scientific-Practical Conference “Hygiene of Children and Adolescents”), Moscow, 1999, p. 135. Fiziologiya razvitiya rebenka (Physiology of Children's Development), Kozlova, V.I. and Farber, D.A., Eds., Moscow: Pedagogika, 1983. Morfofunktsional'noe sozrevanie osnovnykh fiziologi-cheskikh sistem organizma detei doshkol'nogo vozrasta (Morphofunctional Maturation of the Main Physiological Systems in Preschool Children), Antropova, M.V. and Kol'tsova, M.M., Eds., Moscow: Pedagogika, 1983. Farber, D.A. and Alferova, V.V., Elektroentsefalo-gramma detei i podrostkov (Electroencephalogram in Children and Adolescents), Moscow, 1972. Kol'tsova, M.M., Razvitie signal'nykh sistem deistvi-tel'nosti u detei (Development of Reality Signal Systems in Children), Moscow, 1980. Arshavskii, I.A., Ocherki po vozrastnoi fiziologii (Essays in Developmental Physiology), Moscow, 1967. Bezrukikh, M.M., Age-related Features of the Development of Voluntary Movements in Children and Adolescents, in Fiziologiya rosta i razvitiya detei i podrostkov (Physiology of Children's and Adolescents' Growth and Development), Baranov, A.A., Ed., Moscow, 2000, p. 222. Fiziologiya razvitiya rebenka (Physiology of Children's Development), Bezrukikh, M.M. and Farber, D.A., Eds., Moscow, 2000. Frukht, E.L. and Pankova-Yampol'skaya, R.V., Some Features of the Development and Behavior of Children with Perinatal Injuries of the Nervous System, Ross. Pediatr. Zh., 2000, no. 1, p. 9. Baranov, A.A., Health Condition of Children and Adolescents at Present: Problems and Ways toward Their Solution, Ross. Pediatr. Zh., 1998, no. 1, p. 5. Hygienic Requirements to Preschool Children's Maximum Load in the Organizational Forms of Education, Vestn. Obraz., 2000, no. 6, p. 27. Kalashnikova, T.P., Koryukina, I.P., and Kravtsova, Yu.I., Neurological and Neurophysiological Manifestations of School Maladaptation, Ross. Pediatr. Zh., 2000, no. 1, p. 12. Sidorenko, E.I. and Paramei, O.V., Condition of the Visual Organ in Three-Year-old Children with Arravated Perinatal History, Ross. Pediatr. Zh., 2001, no. 2, p. 27. Terekhova, N.T., Influence of the Features of Pedagogic Process on the Optimization of Task Performance in Pre-school Children, Funktsional'nye i adaptivnye vozmozh-nosti detei i podrostkov (Children's and Adolescents' Functional and Adaptive Capacities), Moscow, 1974, vol. 1, p. 195. Loginova, E.S., Intellectual Development Features in Children during Early Systematic Learning, in Materialy mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii “Fiziologiya razvitiya cheloveka” (Papers Int. Conf. “Human Development Physiology”), Moscow, 2000, p. 276. Bezrukikh, M.M., Machinskaya, R.I., and Sugrobova, G.A., Differentiated Influence of Functional Maturity of the Brain Cortex and Regulatory Structures on Cognitive Activity Indices in Seven-to Eight-Year-old Children, Fiziol. Chel., 1999, vol. 25, no. 5, p. 14. Sanitarnye pravila: gigienicheskie trebovaniya k uslovi-yam obucheniya shkol'nikov razlichnykh vidov sovre-mennykh obshcheobrazovatel'nykh uchrezhdenii (Sanitary Rules: Hygienic Requirements to Schoolchildren's Learning Conditions at Various Kinds of Contemporary General Education Institutions), Moscow: SP-2.4.2.782-99. Baevskii, R.M., Prognozirovanie sostoyaniya na grani normy i patologii (Prognosis of a Borderline State between Norm and Pathology), Moscow, 1979. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii po fiziologo-gigieni-cheskomu izucheniyu uchebnoi nagruzki uchashchikh-sya (Methodological Recommendations on the Physiologohygienic Examination of Pupils' Learning Load), Moscow, 1984. Physical Development and Criteria of Moscow Children's and Adolescents' Somatic Maturity, in Materialy po fizicheskomu razvitiyu detei i podrostkov gorodov i sel'skoi mestnosti SSSR (Materials on the Physical Development of Children and Adolescents in the Urban and Rural Areas of the USSR), Moscow, 1979, issue 3, p. 66. Panasyuk, T.V., Anatomo-antropometricheskie osoben-nosti detei grudnogo, rannego i doshkol'nogo vozrasta (Anatomoanthropometric Features of Infants and Children of Early and Preschool Age), Moscow, 1998. Notkina, N.A., Kuz'mina, L.I., and Baikovich, N.N., Otsenka fizicheskogo i nervno-psikhicheskogo razvitiya detei rannego i doshkol'nogo vozrasta (Estimation of the Physical and Neuromental Development of Children at Early and Preschool Age), St. Petersburg, 1999. Kmit', G.V., Morphofunctional Development of the Left Ventricular Myocardium in Five-to Seven-Year-old Children, in Materialy mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii “Fiziologiya razvitiya cheloveka” (Papers Int. Conf. “Human Development Physiology”), Moscow, 2000, p. 211. Adaptatsiya organizma uchashchikhsya k uchebnoi i fizi-cheskoi nagruzkam (Adaptation of Pupils to Learning Program and Physical Exercise), Khripkova, A.G. and Antropova, M.V., Eds., Moscow: Pedagogika, 1982. Batenkova, I.V., Features of the Functioning of the Cardiovascular System in Junior Schoolchildren during the Realization of Various Pedagogic Systems, Cand. Sci. (Biol.) Dissertation, Kazan, 2001.