Monitoring the occurrence of genetically modified soybean and maize around cultivated fields and at a grain receiving port in Korea
Tóm tắt
Increased imports of genetically modified (CM) soybean and maize might cause genetic contamination of those crops that are conventionally bred, as well as wild soybeans within Korea. Leaves of maize and both cultivated and wild soybeans were sampled in and near rural fields to detect the presence of transgenes. Roadsides around a major grain port in Incheon were also surveyed to monitor the occurrence of incoming CM soybean and maize. The amplificability of DNA extracted from the collected samples was determined by PCR using soybean- or maize-specific primers: lectin and zein genes, respectively. The presence or absence of transgenes was detected by primer sets for the 35S and nos genes. Transgenes were not found in the cultivated or wild soybean or in the maize collected from cultivated fields. However, we obtained one GM maize plant among seven along the roadsides around Incheon Port. Although the effect of a single GM maize plant would be negligible and would not pose any threat to natural environments, an increase in the import of GM plants might lead to future, unapproved cultivation of GM crops. Therefore, appropriate monitoring is necessary to detect the occurrence of GM plants in areas around grain receiving ports and within agroecosystems.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Agricultural Biosafety Clearing House (2006) Approval Status of CMO in Korea, (http://www.niab.go.kr/bio/)
Bruderer S, Leitner KE (2003) Genetically Modified (GM) Crops: Molecular and Regulatory Details. BATS, Basel
Crawley MJ, Brown SL (1995) Seed limitation and the dynamics of feral oilseed rape on the M25 motorway. Proc Roy Soc Lond B259: 49–54
Dorokhov D, Ignatov A, Deineko E, Serjapin A, Ala A, Skryabin K (2004) Potential for gene flow from herbicide-resistant GM soybeans to wild soya in the Russian far east,In HCM den Nijs, D Bartsch, J Sweet, eds, Introgression from Genetically Modified Plants into Wild Relatives. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 151–161
Forte VT, Di Pinto A, Martino C, Tantillo GM, Grasso G, Schena FP (2005) A general multiplex-PCR assay for the general detection of genetically modified soya and maize. Food Cont16: 535–539
Friesen LF, Nelson AG, van Acker RC (2003) Evidence of contamination of pedigreed canola (Brassica napus) seedlots in western Canada with genetically engineered herbicide resistance traits. Agron J95: 1342–1347
Jankiewicz A, Broil H, Zagon J (1999) The official method for the detection of genetically modified soybeans (German Food Act LMBG §35): A semi-quantitative study of sensitivity limits with glyphosate-tolerant soybeans (Roundup Ready) and insect-resistant Bt maize (Maximizer). Eur Food Res Technol209: 77–82
Jun SS, Yang JY, Choi HJ, Kim NR, Park MC, Hong YN (2005) Altered physiology in trehalose-producing transgenic tobacco plants: Enhanced tolerance to drought and salinity stresses. J Plant Biol48: 456–466
Kim KU, Kang TD, Lee JH, Lee IJ, Shin DH, Hwang YH, Kim SU, Kim HM (2003) Physio-ecological characteristics of wild soybeans (Glycine soja) collected throughout Korea and their response to glyphosate. Kor J Weed Sci23: 153–159
Kjellsson G, Strandberg M (2001) Monitoring and Surveillance of Genetically Modified Higher Plants: Guidelines for Procedures and Analysis of Environmental Effects. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel
Korea National Statistical Office (2005) Statistical Database (KOSIS). (http://www.nso.go.kr/eng/searchable/kosis-list.html)
Kwon SH, Im KH, Kim JR (1972) Studies on diversity of seed weight in the Korean soybean land races and wild soybean. Kor J Breed4: 70–74
Lin JJ, Fleming R, Kuo J, Matthews BF, Saunders JA (2000) Detection of plant genes using a rapid, nonorganic DNA purification method. Bio Techniques28: 346–350
Lübeck M (2002) Detection of Genetically Modified Plants: Methods to Sample and Analyse GMO Content in Plants and Plant Products. Ministry of Environment, The Danish Forest and Nature Agency, Copenhagen (http://www.sns.dk/erhvogadm/bioteck/detection.htm)
Macilwain C (2005) Stray seeds had antibiotic-resistance genes. Nature434: 548
Nakayama Y, Yamaguchi H (2002) Natural hybridization in wild soybean (Glycine max ssp.soja) by pollen flow from cultivated soybean (Glycine max ssp.max) in a designed population. Weed Biol Manage2: 25–30
NIES (2005) A Monitoring Survey Concerning the Environmental Impact Caused by Genetically Engineered Living Organisms (Canola). National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba (http://www.bch.biodic.go.jp/download/natane/rapeseed_report16.pdf)
OECD (2000) Consensus Document on the Biology ofGlycine max (L.) Merr. (Soybean). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris
OECD (2003) Consensus Document on the Biology of Zeamays subsp.mays (Maize). Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris
Querci M, Jermini M, van den Eede G (2004) Training Course on the Analysis of Food Samples for the Presence of Genetically Modified Organisms. User Manual. Joint Research Centre, European Commission
Saghai-Maroof MA, Soliman KM, Jorgensen RA, Allard RW (1984) Ribosomal DNA spacer-length polymorphisms in barley: Mendelian inheritance, chromosomal location, and population dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA81: 8014–8018
Shim SI, Lee BM, Kang BH (2001) Potential risk of genetically modified plants in Korean ecosystem: A proposal for unintended effects on Korean wild species. Kor J Crop Sci46: 157–163
Smith LM, Burgoyne LA (2004) Collecting, archiving and processing DNA from wildlife samples using FTA® databasing paper. BMC Ecology4: 4
Yamaguchi H, Sasaki K, Umetsu H, Kamada H (2003) Two detection methods of genetically modified maize and the state of its import into Japan. Food Control14: 201–206
Yoo SY (2004) Regulation of genetically recombinant food in Korea. Biosafety5: 22–32
Yun SO, Jeong SC, Yoon WK, Park S, Moon JS, Lee JH, Kim HM (2004) Performance evaluation of PCR kits for detecting genetically modified crop ingredients. J Toxicol Pub Health20: 101–108