Moments with the edgewise appliance: Incisor torque control

Rauch, 1959, Torque and its application to orthodontics, Am J Orthod, 45, 817, 10.1016/0002-9416(59)90222-2 Schrody, 1974, A mechanical evaluation of buccal segment reaction to edgewise torque, Angle Orthod, 44, 120 Strang, 1950, A textbook of orthodontia, 439 Renfroe, 1960, Technique training in orthodontics, 201 Smith, 1984, Mechanics of tooth movement, Am J Orthod, 85, 294, 10.1016/0002-9416(84)90187-8 Demange, 1990, Equilibrium situations in bend force systems, Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop, 98, 333, 10.1016/S0889-5406(05)81490-8 Mulligan, 1979, Common sense mechanics. 2. Forces and moments, J Clin Orthod, 13, 676 Nikolai, 1985, Bioengineering analysis of orthodontic mechanics, 272 Yoshikawa, 1981, Biomechanical principles of tooth movement, Dent Clin North Am, 25, 19, 10.1016/S0011-8532(22)02821-X Burstone, 1962, Rationale of the segmented arch, Am J Orthod, 48, 805, 10.1016/0002-9416(62)90001-5 Burstone, 1966, The mechanics of the segmented arch techniques, Angle Orthod, 36, 99 Burstone, 1974, Force systems from an ideal arch, Am J Orthod, 65, 270, 10.1016/S0002-9416(74)90332-7 Mulligan, 1982 Burstone, 1976, Optimizing anterior and canine retraction, Am J Orthod, 70, 1, 10.1016/0002-9416(76)90257-8 Burstone, 1988, Creative wire bending-the force system from step and V bends, Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop, 93, 59, 10.1016/0889-5406(88)90194-1 Burstone, 1977, Deep overbite correction by intrusion, Am J Orthod, 72, 1, 10.1016/0002-9416(77)90121-X Ricketts, 1974, Development of the utility arch, Found Orthod Res Newsl, 5, 37 Ricketts, 1976, Bioprogressive therapy as an answer to orthodontic needs, Am J Orthod, 70, 241, 10.1016/0002-9416(76)90332-8 Burstone, 1982, The segmented arch approach to space closure, Am J Orthod, 82, 361, 10.1016/0002-9416(82)90185-3 Holt, 1991, Fracture resistance of ceramic brackets during arch wire torsion, Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop, 99, 287, 10.1016/0889-5406(91)70010-T