Molecular responses of cells to 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-mmi: investigations of histone methylation changes

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 16 - Trang 1-13 - 2014
Arianna Polverino1, Angela Longo2, Aldo Donizetti3, Denise Drongitis3, Maria Frucci1,4, Loredana Schiavo2, Gianfranco Carotenuto2, Luigi Nicolais5, Marina Piscopo3, Emilia Vitale1,6, Laura Fucci3
1Institute of Cybernetics, National Research Council (CNR) of Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
2Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
3Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
4Institute for High-Performance Computing and Networking, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
5Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Engineering DICMAPI, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
6Institute of Protein Biochemistry (IBP), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy

Tóm tắt

While nanomedicine has an enormous potential to improve the precision of specific therapy, the ability to efficiently deliver these materials to regions of disease in vivo remains limited. In this study, we describe analyses of (AuNPs)-mmi cellular intake via fluorescence microscopy and its effects on H3K4 and H3K9 histone dimethylation. Specifically, we studied the level of H3K4 dimethylation in serving the role of an epigenetic marker of euchromatin, and of H3K9 dimethylation as a marker of transcriptional repression in four different cell lines. We analyzed histone di-methyl-H3K4 and di-methyl-H3K9 using either variable concentrations of nanoparticles or variable time points after cellular uptake. The observed methylation effects decreased consistently with decreasing (AuNPs)-mmi concentrations. Fluorescent microscopy and a binarization algorithm based on a thresholding process with RGB input images demonstrated the continued presence of (AuNPs)-mmi in cells at the lowest concentration used. Furthermore, our results show that the treated cell line used is able to rescue the untreated cell phenotype.

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