Molecular model of interleukin 12 that highlights amino acid sequence homologies with adhesion domains and gastrointestinal peptides

Kobayashi, 1989, Identification and purification of natural killer cell stimulatory factor (NKSF), a cytokine with multiple biologic effects of human lymphocytes, J. Exp. Med., 170, 827, 10.1084/jem.170.3.827 Stern, 1990, Purification to homogeneity and partial characterization of cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor from human B-lymphoblastoid cells, 87, 6808 Trinchieri, 1995, Interleukin-12: A proinflammatory cytokine with immunoregulatory functions that bridge innate resistance and antigen-specific adaptive immunity, Annu. Rev. Immunol., 13, 251, 10.1146/annurev.iy.13.040195.001343 Clerici, 1993, Restoration of HIV-specific cell-mediated immune responses by interleukin-12 in vitro, Science, 262, 1721, 10.1126/science.7903123 Heinzel, 1993, Recombinant interleukin 12 cures mice infected with Leishmania major, J. Exp. Med., 177, 1505, 10.1084/jem.177.5.1505 Sypek, 1993, Resolution of cutaneous leishmaniasis: Interleukin 12 initiates a protective T helper type 1 immune response, J. Exp. Med., 177, 1797, 10.1084/jem.177.6.1797 Gazzinelli, 1993, Interleukin 12 is required for the T-lymphocyte-independent induction of interferon γ by an intracellular parasite and induces resistance in T-cell-deficient hosts, 90, 6115 Stevenson, 1995, IL-12-induced protection against blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi AS requires IFN-γ and TNF-α and occurs via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism, J. Immunol., 155, 2545, 10.4049/jimmunol.155.5.2545 Brunda, 1993, Antitumor and antimetastatic activity of interleukin 12 against murine tumors, J. Exp. Med., 178, 1223, 10.1084/jem.178.4.1223 D'Andrea, 1991, Production of natural killer cell stimulatory factor (interleukin 12) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, J. Exp. Med., 176, 1387, 10.1084/jem.176.5.1387 Wolf, 1991, Cloning of cDNA for natural killer cell stimulatory factor, a heterodimeric cytokine with multiple biologic effects on T and natural killer cells, J. Immunol., 146, 3074, 10.4049/jimmunol.146.9.3074 Gubler, 1991, Coexpression of two distinct genes is required to generate secreted bioactive cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor, 88, 4143 Merberg, 1992, Sequence similarity between NKSF and the IL-6/G-CSF family, Immunol. Today, 13, 77, 10.1016/0167-5699(92)90140-3 Gearing, 1991, Homology of the p40 subunit of natural killer cell stimulatory factor (NKSF) with the extracellular domain of the interleukin-6 receptor, Cell, 66, 9, 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90131-H Bazan, 1989, A novel family of growth factor receptors: A common binding domain in the growth hormone, prolactin, erythropoietin and IL-6 receptors, and the p75 IL-2 receptor β chain, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 164, 788, 10.1016/0006-291X(89)91528-3 Cosman, 1990, A new cytokine receptor superfamily, Trends Biochem. Sci., 15, 265, 10.1016/0968-0004(90)90051-C Dayhoff, 1983, Establishing homologies in protein sequences, Methods Enzymol, 91, 524, 10.1016/S0076-6879(83)91049-2 Chou, 1978, Prediction of the secondary structure of proteins from their amino acid sequence, Adv. Enzymol., 47, 45 Garnier, 1989, The GOR method for predicting secondary structures in proteins, 417 Bernstein, 1977, The Protein Data Bank: A computer-based archival file for macromolecular structures, J. Mol. Biol., 112, 535, 10.1016/S0022-2836(77)80200-3 Abola, 1987, Protein Data Bank, 107 de Vos, 1992, Human growth hormone and extracellular domain of its receptor: Crystal structure of the complex, Science, 255, 306, 10.1126/science.1549776 Wang, 1990, Atomic structure of a fragment of human CD4 containing two immunoglobulin-like domains, Nature (London), 348, 411, 10.1038/348411a0 Tangarone, 1995, The disulfide bond structure of recombinant human interleukin-12 Ling, 1995, Epitope mapping of inhibitory anti-human IL-12 antibodies by homolog-scanning mutagenesis, 302 Sasaki, 1988, Laminin, a multidomain protein: The A chain has a unique globular domain and homology with the basement membrane proteoglycan and the laminin B chains, J. Biol. Chem., 263, 16536, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)37424-6 Tomasini, 1991, Prog. Hemostasis Thromb., 10, 269 de Bruijn, 1985, Human complement component C3: cDNA coding sequence and derived primary structure, 82, 708 Schwarzbauer, 1983, Three different fibronectin mRNAs arise by alternative splicing within the coding region, Cell, 35, 421, 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90175-7 Schoenhaut, 1992, Cloning and expression of murine IL-12, J. Immunol., 148, 3340, 10.4049/jimmunol.148.11.3433 Plow, 1984, Evidence that three adhesive proteins interact with a common recognition site on activated platelets, J. Biol. Chem., 259, 5388, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)91019-7 Goundis, 1988, Properdin, the terminal complement components, thrombospondin and the circumsporozoite protein of malaria parasites contain similar sequence motifs, Nature (London), 335, 82, 10.1038/335082a0 Robson, 1988, A highly conserved amino-acid sequence in thrombospondin, properdin and in proteins from sporozoites from blood stages of a human malaria parasite, Nature (London), 335, 79, 10.1038/335079a0 Jörnvall, 1981, Structural homologies between prealbumin, gastrointestinal prohormones and other proteins, Nature (London), 291, 261, 10.1038/291261a0 Tatemoto, 1982, Neuropeptide Y: Complete amino acid sequence of the brain peptide, 79, 5485 Ruoslahti, 1987, New perspectives in cell adhesion: RGD and integrins, Science, 238, 491, 10.1126/science.2821619 Patthy, 1990, Homology of a domain of the growth hormone/prolactin receptor family with type III modules of fibronectin, Cell, 61, 13, 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90208-V Yamada, 1991, Adhesive recognition sequences, J. Biol. Chem., 266, 12809, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98761-2 Kopin, 1990, The secretin gene: Evolutionary history, alternative splicing, and developmental regulation, 87, 2299 Bell, 1983, Exon duplication and divergence in the human preproglucagon gene, Nature (London), 304, 368, 10.1038/304368a0 Wrighton, 1992, The murine interleukin-4 receptor gene: Genomic structure, expression and potential for alternative splicing, Growth Factors, 6, 103, 10.3109/08977199209011014 Shibuya, 1990, The human interleukin-2 receptor β chain gene: Genomic organization, promoter analysis and chromosomal assignment, Nucleic Acids Res., 18, 3697, 10.1093/nar/18.13.3697 Godowski, 1989, Characterization of the human growth hormone receptor gene and demonstration of a partial gene deletion in two patients with Laron-type dwarfism, 86, 8083 Withka, 1993, Structure of the glycosylated adhesion domain of human T lymphocyte glycoprotein CD2, Structure, 1, 69, 10.1016/0969-2126(93)90009-6 Walter, 1995, Crystal structure of a soluble complex between interferon-γ and its soluble high-affinity receptor, Nature (London), 376, 230, 10.1038/376230a0 Doolittle, 1989, Redundancies in protein sequences, 599 Bazan, 1990, Structural design and molecular evolution of a cytokine receptor superfamily, 87, 6934 Adelson, 1971, Enterosecretory proteins, Nature (London), 229, 321, 10.1038/229321a0 Holt, 1990, Properdin binds to sulfatide [Gal(3-SO4)β 1 - 1Cer] and has a sequence homology with other proteins that bind sulfated glycoconjugates, J. Biol. Chem., 265, 2852, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)39879-5 Tuszynski, 1987, Thrombospondin, a potentiator of tumor cell metastasis, Cancer Res., 47, 4130 Humphries, 1986, A synthetic peptide from fibronectin inhibits experimental metastasis of murine melanoma cells, Science, 233, 467, 10.1126/science.3726541 Gehlsen, 1988, Inhibition of in vitro tumor cell invasion by Arg-Gly-Asp-containing synthetic peptides, J. Cell Biol., 106, 925, 10.1083/jcb.106.3.925 Rola-Pleszczynski, 1985, The effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on human natural killer cell function, J. Immunol., 135, 2569, 10.4049/jimmunol.135.4.2569 Stanisz, 1986, Differential effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide, substance P and somatostatin on immunoglobulin synthesis and proliferations by lymphoctyes from Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen, J. Immunol., 136, 152, 10.4049/jimmunol.136.1.152 Dwyer, 1995, Interleukin-12 displays segmental homology with cell adhesion sequences in thrombospondin and circumsporozote proteins and with gastrointestinal peptides, 298