Molecular identification and characterization of Muscid flies (Diptera: Muscidae) of medico-veterinary importance from the Gangetic plains of Eastern India
Tóm tắt
The Muscid flies belonging to the order Diptera, Family Muscidae, are notoriously famous for their ability to transmit disease-causing organisms to humans, livestock, and even plants. The huge species count of this group not only makes the classical method of identification laborious but also error-prone. Therefore, in this study, we analysed cytochrome oxidase 1 (cox1) barcodes to test their ability to discriminate between studied taxonomic groups. In our study, we used a total of 42 specimens, excluding the outgroup, of 14 species belonging to 5 genera representing 4 subfamilies were used. 11 specimens were collected from the lower Gangetic Plains of West Bengal, India, including the vulnerable Sagar Islands, each showing a very high AT content (average = 69%), especially in the 1st codon position. Cox1 barcodes were able to distinguish between species with very high interspecific genetic divergence. The percentage of intraspecific genetic divergences ranges from 0% to 2.2% for the studied dataset, with the interspecific range being very high, from 0.58% to 28.8%. 1000 bootstrapped Maximum likelihood (ML) with Kimura-2-parameter phylogenetic tree and similar bootstrap-based IQ-Tree was constructed based on cox1 gene, for clarity. The ML tree is used to understand the delimitation of the species using Poisson Tree Process (PTP) analysis. The phylogenetic and delimitation study determined that most of the genus level clusters are monophyletic. The subfamily Muscinae showed non-monophyletic lineage as seen by the separation of genera Musca from genera Haematobia in both ML and IQ-Tree.
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