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Phát hiện và xác định vi khuẩn kỵ khí bằng phương pháp phân tử
Tóm tắt
Vi khuẩn kỵ khí là những sinh vật bị inactivate khi tiếp xúc với không khí, và một số loài phát triển rất chậm. Do đó, chúng là những ứng viên tốt cho việc phát hiện trực tiếp và xác nhận nuôi cấy thông qua các kỹ thuật chẩn đoán phân tử. Trong các loài vi khuẩn clostridia, các kỹ thuật khuếch đại chuỗi polymerase (PCR) đã được sử dụng để chứng minh một đoạn gen mã hóa cho neurotoxins, enterotoxins hoặc cytotoxins. Sử dụng các kỹ thuật này, các chủng Clostridium botulinum đã được tách trực tiếp và phân loại độc tố từ các mẫu thực phẩm. Các chủng Clostridium tetani đã được xác định, và các chủng Clostridium difficile sản sinh độc tố cùng với các chủng Clostridium perfringens sản sinh enterotoxin đã được xác nhận trong các nghiên cứu nuôi cấy hoặc được phát hiện trực tiếp từ mẫu phân hoặc thực phẩm. Trong số các vi khuẩn kỵ khí không clostridia, Propionibacterium acnes, Mobiluncus, các tác nhân gây bệnh định kỳ gram âm bao gồm Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Bacteroides forsythus, Bacterioides fragilis và B. fragilis sản sinh enterotoxin, Fusobacterium prausnitzii (một thành phần phổ biến của hệ vi sinh vật phân), và Bilophila wadsworthia đã được nghiên cứu ở mức độ phân tử bằng cách sử dụng các probe oligonucleotide và phương pháp PCR. Các mồi PCR phổ quát có thể là lựa chọn cho việc phân biệt các vi khuẩn kỵ khí thường gặp trong các nhiễm trùng đa vi sinh và công nghệ khuếch đại axit nucleic định lượng đã được sử dụng rộng rãi trong những tình huống này. Tuy nhiên, một số nghiên cứu thiếu một số lượng đủ các chủng vi khuẩn đã được kiểm tra để đánh giá độ tin cậy của các phương pháp phân tử này. Việc tích lũy thêm dữ liệu sử dụng các kỹ thuật này là rất quan trọng cho việc sử dụng rộng rãi của chúng hoặc để ước lượng các giới hạn của chúng.
Từ khóa
#vi khuẩn kỵ khí #Clostridium #phát hiện phân tử #PCRTài liệu tham khảo
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