Modulation of leukocyte populations and immune responses in sheep experimentally infected with Anaplasma (formerly Ehrlichia) phagocytophilum

Amadori, 1995, Role of a distinct population of bovine gamma delta T cells in the immune response to viral agents, Viral. Immunol., 8, 81, 10.1089/vim.1995.8.81 Avrameas, 1969, Glutaraldehyde, cyanuric chloride and tetraazotized O-dianisidine as coupling reagent in the passive hemagglutination test, Immuno-chemistry, 6, 67, 10.1016/0019-2791(69)90179-7 Barnewall, 1994, Abrogation of gamma interferon-induced inhibition of Ehrlichia chaffeensis infection in human monocytes with iron-transferrin, Infect. Immun., 62, 4804, 10.1128/IAI.62.11.4804-4810.1994 Batungbacal, 1982, Lymphocytopaenia in tick-borne fever, J. Comp. Pathol., 92, 403, 10.1016/0021-9975(82)90026-3 Batungbacal, 1982, Suppression of the immune response to clostridial vaccine by tick-borne fever, J. Comp. Pathol., 92, 409, 10.1016/0021-9975(82)90027-5 Berton, 1996, Neutrophil activation by adhesion: mechanisms and pathophysiological implications, Int. J. Clin. Lab. Res., 26, 160, 10.1007/BF02592978 Borjesson, 2002, Kinetics of CD11b/CD18 up-regulation during infection with the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in mice, Lab. Invest., 82, 303, 10.1038/labinvest.3780424 Brodersen, 1998, Analysis of the immunological cross reactivities of 213 well characterized monoclonal antibodies with specificities against various leucocyte surface antigens of human and 11 animal species, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 64, 1, 10.1016/S0165-2427(98)00117-2 Caldwell, 1996, Apoptosis og gamma/delta T cells in human ehrlichiosis, Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 105, 640 Carbonari, 1994, Detection and characterization of apoptotic peripheral blood lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus infection and cancer chemotherapy by a novel flow immunocytometric method, Blood, 83, 1268, 10.1182/blood.V83.5.1268.1268 Chevallier, 1998, B-1-like cells exist in sheep. Characterization of their phenotype and behaviour, Immunology, 95, 178, 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1998.00599.x Chevallier, 1998, Bovine leukemia virus-induced lymphocytosis and increased cell survival mainly involve the CD11b+ B-lymphocyte subset in sheep, J. Virol., 72, 4413, 10.1128/JVI.72.5.4413-4420.1998 Chiodini, 1992, The cellular immunology of bovine paratuberculosis: the predominant response is mediated by cytotoxic gamma/delta T lymphocytes which prevent CD4+ activity, Microb. Pathog., 13, 447, 10.1016/0882-4010(92)90012-D Clevers, 1990, Identification of a bovine surface antigen uniquely expressed on CD4−CD8− T cell receptor gamma/delta+ T lymphocytes, Eur. J. Immunol., 20, 809, 10.1002/eji.1830200415 Collins, 1996, Bovine gamma/delta TcR+ T lymphocytes are stimulated to proliferate by autologous Theileria annulata-infected cells in the presence of interleukin-2, Scand. J. Immunol., 44, 444, 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-332.x Davis, 1989, Genetic markers identified by immunogenetic methods, Am. Fish. Soc. Symp., 7, 521 Davis, 1996, Analysis of monoclonal antibodies specific for the gamma delta TcR, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 52, 275, 10.1016/0165-2427(96)05578-X Feng, 1994, Depletion of gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha in mice with Rickettsia conorii-infected endothelium: impairment of rickettsicidal nitric oxide production resulting in fatal, overwhelming rickettsial disease, Infect. Immun., 62, 1952, 10.1128/IAI.62.5.1952-1960.1994 Foggie, 1951, Studies on the infectious agent of tick-borne fever in sheep, J. Pathol. Bact., 63, 1, 10.1002/path.1700630103 Foggie, 1956, The effect of tick-borne fever on the resistance of lambs to staphylococci, J. Comp. Pathol., 66, 278, 10.1016/S0368-1742(56)80029-5 Fowke, 1997, Immunologic and virologic evaluation after influenza vaccination of HIV-1-infected patients, Aids, 11, 1013, 10.1097/00002030-199708000-00010 Frank, 1999, A retrospective study of ehrlichiosis in 62 dogs from North Carolina and Virginia, J. Vet. Intern. Med., 13, 194, 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1999.tb02178.x Hopkins, 1986, Monoclonal antibodies to sheep lymphocytes. I. Identification of MHC class II molecules on lymphoid tissue and changes in the level of class II expression on lymph-borne cells following antigen stimulation in vivo, Immunology, 59, 433 Jacobsen, 1993, Reactivities of 20 anti-human monoclonal antibodies with leucocytes from ten different animal species, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 39, 461, 10.1016/0165-2427(93)90075-F Kantor, 1991, The development and repertoire of B-1 cells (CD5 B cells), Immunol. Today, 12, 389, 10.1016/0167-5699(91)90136-H Larsen, 1994, Immunosuppression in sheep experimentally infected with Ehrlichia phagocytophila, Res. Vet. Sci., 56, 216, 10.1016/0034-5288(94)90107-4 Lu, 1997, LFA-1 is sufficient in mediating neutrophil emigration in Mac-1-deficient mice, J. Clin. Invest., 99, 1340, 10.1172/JCI119293 Lund, 1993, Expression of T19 (WC1) molecules by ovine lymphocytes, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 39, 145, 10.1016/0165-2427(93)90175-4 MacHugh, 1993, Clustering of monoclonal antibodies recognizing different members of the WC1 gene family, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 39, 155, 10.1016/0165-2427(93)90176-5 Mackay, 1989, A large proportion of bovine T cells express the gamma delta T cell receptor and show a distinct tissue distribution and surface phenotype, Int. Immunol., 1, 540, 10.1093/intimm/1.5.540 Mackay, 1986, Three distinct subpopulations of sheep T lymphocytes, Eur. J. Immunol., 16, 19, 10.1002/eji.1830160105 Mackay, 1989, Gamma/delta T cells express a unique surface molecule appearing late during thymic development, Eur. J. Immunol., 19, 1477, 10.1002/eji.1830190820 Maddox, 1985, Surface antigens, SBU-T4 and SBU-T8, of sheep T lymphocyte subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies, Immunology, 55, 739 Maloy, 2001, Regulatory T cells in the control of immune pathology, Nat. Immunol., 2, 816, 10.1038/ni0901-816 Martin, 2001, Immunopathology and ehrlichial propagation are regulated by interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 in a murine model of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Am. J. Pathol., 158, 1881, 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64145-4 Naessens, 1992, Characterization and measurement of CD5+ B cells in normal and Trypanosoma congolense-infected cattle, Eur. J. Immunol., 22, 1713, 10.1002/eji.1830220708 Park, 1992, l-arginine-dependent killing of intracellular Ehrlichia risticii by macrophages treated with gamma interferon, Infect. Immun., 60, 3504, 10.1128/IAI.60.9.3504-3508.1992 Paxton, 1989, Detection of antibodies to the agent of tick-borne fever by indirect immunofluorescence, Vet. Microbiol., 21, 133, 10.1016/0378-1135(89)90025-4 Piccirillo, 2001, Cutting edge: control of CD8+ T cell activation by CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory cells, J. Immunol., 167, 1137, 10.4049/jimmunol.167.3.1137 Schutt, 1999, Fighting infection: the role of lipopolysaccharide binding proteins CD14 and LBP, Pathobiology, 67, 227, 10.1159/000028097 Simon, 1992, Neutrophil aggregation is beta 2-integrin- and l-selectin-dependent in blood and isolated cells, J. Immunol., 149, 2765, 10.4049/jimmunol.149.8.2765 Smyth, 2001, In vitro responsiveness of gammadelta T cells from Mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle to mycobacterial antigens: predominant involvement of WC1(+) cells, Infect. Immun., 69, 89, 10.1128/IAI.69.1.89-96.2001 Storset, 2001, Subclinical paratuberculosis in goats following experimental infection. An immunological and microbiological study, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 80, 271, 10.1016/S0165-2427(01)00294-X Taylor, 1941, Attempts to reproduce the pyaemia associated with tick-bite, Vet. Rec., 24, 337 Uehara, 1992, Apoptotic cell death of primed CD45RO+ T lymphocytes in Epstein-Barr virus-induced infectious mononucleosis, Blood, 80, 452, 10.1182/blood.V80.2.452.452 Verhagen, 1993, Characterization of the ovine interleukin-2 receptor-alpha chain: differential induction on precultured alpha beta and gamma delta T cells, Immunology, 79, 471 Whist, 2000, The use of interleukin-2 receptor expression as a marker of cell-mediated immunity in goats experimentally infected with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 73, 207, 10.1016/S0165-2427(00)00155-0 Whist, 2002, Functions of neutrophils in sheep experimentally infected with Ehrlichia phagocytophila, Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 86, 183, 10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00038-7 Woldehiwet, 1987, Depression of lymphocyte response to mitogens in sheep infected with tick-borne fever, J. Comp. Pathol., 97, 637, 10.1016/0021-9975(87)90075-2 Woldehiwet, 1991, Lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood of sheep experimentally infected with tick-borne fever, Res. Vet. Sci., 51, 40, 10.1016/0034-5288(91)90028-M Woldehiwet, 1982, Tick-borne fever: leucocyte migration inhibition, Vet. Microbiol., 7, 437, 10.1016/0378-1135(82)90060-8