Modifiable risk factors, sleep environment, developmental physiology and common polymorphisms: Understanding and preventing sudden infant deaths

Rognum, 1995, The story of the “Stavanger definition”, 21 Fleming, 2004, Investigating sudden unexpected deaths in infancy and childhood and caring for bereaved families : an integrated multiagency approach, BMJ, 328, 331, 10.1136/bmj.328.7435.331 Kennedy, 2004, Sudden unexpected death in infancy. A multi-agency protocol for care and investigation 2006 Fleming, 2000 Krous, 2004, Sudden infant death and unclassified sudden infant deaths: a definitional and diagnostic approach, Pediatrics, 114, 234, 10.1542/peds.114.1.234 Leach, 1999, Sudden unexpected deaths in infancy: similarities and differences in the Epidemiology of SIDS and explained deaths, Pediatrics, 104, 10.1542/peds.104.4.e43 Blair, 2006, Major changes in the epidemiology of sudden infant death syndrome: a 20-year population based study of all unexpected deaths in infancy, Lancet, 367, 314, 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)67968-3 Willcox, 1904, Infantile mortality from “overlaying”, BMJ, 1 Templeman, 1892, Two hundred and fifty eight cases of suffocation of infants, Edinb Med J, 38, 322 American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement, 2005, The changing concept of sudden infant death syndrome: diagnostic coding shifts, controversies regarding the sleeping environment, and new variables to consider in reducing risk, Pediatrics, 116, 1245, 10.1542/peds.2005-1499 Gessner, 2006, Bed sharing with unimpaired parents is not an important risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome, Pediatrics, 117, 990, 10.1542/peds.2005-2727 Kattwinkel, 2006, In reply, Pediatrics, 117, 994, 10.1542/peds.2005-2994 Vennemann MMT, Bajanowski T, Butterfass-Bahloul T, Sauerland C, Jorch G, Brinkmann B, et. al. Do risk fctors differ between explained sudden death in infancy (SUDI) and SIDS? Arch Dis Child. Published online 25 Aug 2006. doi:10.1136/adc.2006101337 [http://www.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/abstract/adc2006.101337v1]. Mitchell, 1995, Smoking: the next major and modifiable risk factor, 114 Blair, 1996, Smoking and sudden infant death syndrome: results of 1993-5 case-control study for confidential enquiry into stillbirths and deaths in infancy, BMJ, 313, 195, 10.1136/bmj.313.7051.195 Fleming, 2001, The accelerated immunisation programme in the UK and sudden unexpected death in infancy, BMJ, 322, 822, 10.1136/bmj.322.7290.822 Mitchell, 1995, Immunisation and the sudden infant death syndrome, Arch Dis Child, 73, 498, 10.1136/adc.73.6.498 Blair, 2006, Sudden infant death syndrome and sleeping position in preterm and low birthweight infants: an opportunity for targeted intervention, Arch Dis Child, 91, 101, 10.1136/adc.2004.070391 Fleming, 1999, Pacifier use and SIDS — results from the CESDI SUDI case-control study, Arch Dis Child, 81, 112, 10.1136/adc.81.2.112 Mitcell, 2006, Should pacifiers be recommended to prevent SIDS?, Pediatrics, 117, 1755, 10.1542/peds.2005-1625 Blair, 1999, Babies sleeping with parents: case-control study of factors influencing the risk of the sudden infant death syndrome, BMJ, 319, 1457, 10.1136/bmj.319.7223.1457 Carpenter, 2004, Sudden unexplained infant death in 20 regions in Europe: case control study, Lancet, 363, 185, 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15323-8 Wailoo, 2004, Infants bedsharing with mothers: helpful, harmful or don't know?, Arch Dis Child, 89, 1082, 10.1136/adc.2004.054312 Fleming, 2006, New knowledge, new insights and new recommendations: Scientific controversy and media hype in unexpected infant deaths, Arch Dis Child, 91, 799, 10.1136/adc.2005.092304 McGarvey, 2006, An eight year study of risk factors for SIDS: bedsharing vs non bedsharing, Arch Dis Child, 91, 318, 10.1136/adc.2005.074674 Chen, 2004, Breastfeeding and the risk of postneonatal death in the United States, Pediatrics, 113, 435, 10.1542/peds.113.5.e435 Blair PS, Ward Platt M, Smith IJ, Fleming PJ. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and the time of death. Characteristics and risk factors associated with night-time and day-time deaths. Int J Epidemiol in press. Hunt, 1997, Does the supine sleeping position have any adverse effects on the child? (I) Health in the first 6 months, Pediatrics, 100, 1, 10.1542/peds.100.1.e11 Dewey, 1998, Does the supine position have any adverse effects on the child? II development in the first 18 months, Pediatrics, 101, 1, 10.1542/peds.101.1.e5 Meny, 1994, Cardiorespiratory recordings from infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly at home, Pediatrics, 93, 44, 10.1542/peds.93.1.44 Morris, 1999, The common bacterial toxins hypothesis of sudden infant death syndrome, FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol., 25, 11, 10.1111/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01322.x Fleming, 1990, The interaction between bedding and sleeping position in sudden infant death syndrome: a population-based case-control study, BMJ, 301, 85, 10.1136/bmj.301.6743.85 McGarvey, 2006, An 8 year study of risk factors for SIDS: bedsharing vs non-bedsharing, Arch Dis Child, 91, 318, 10.1136/adc.2005.074674 Gilbert, 1992, Combined effect of infection and heavy wrapping on the risk of sudden infant death, Arch Dis Child, 67, 272, 10.1136/adc.67.2.171 Fleming, 1994, Thermal Balance and metabolic rate during upper respiratory tract infection in infants, Arch Dis Child, 70, 187, 10.1136/adc.70.3.187 Azaz, 1992, The relationship between environmental temperature, metabolic rate, sleep state and evaporative water loss in infants from birth to three months, Pediatr Res, 32, 417, 10.1203/00006450-199210000-00010 Arkell S, Blair P, Henderson AJ, Fleming PJ. Is the mattress important in helping babies keep warm? — Paradoxical effects of a sleeping surface with negligible thermal resistance. Acta Paediatr in press. Wigfield, 1993, How much wrapping do babies need at night?, Arch Dis Child, 69, 181, 10.1136/adc.69.2.181 Fleming, 2006, The importance of Mother–baby interactions in determining night time thermal conditions for sleeping infants: observations from the home and the sleep laboratory, Paediatr Child Health, 11, 7A Lodemore, 1992, Factors affecting the development of night time temperature rhythms, Arch Dis Child, 67, 1259, 10.1136/adc.67.10.1259 Tsogt, 2006, The development of thermoregulation in a harsh environment: a prospective controlled study of the effects of swaddling on infants’ thermal balance in a Mongolian winter, Early Hum Dev, 82, 621 Tsogt B. PhD Thesis. University of the West of England 2006. Morris, 2004, Common bacterial toxins and physiological vulnerability to sudden infant death: the role of deleterious genetic mutations, FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 42, 42, 10.1016/j.femsim.2004.06.016 Blackwell, 1999, The role of infection in sudden infant death syndrome, FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 25, 1, 10.1111/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01320.x Dashash, 2006, Association of sudden infant death syndrome with VEGF and IL-6 gene polymorphisms, Hum Immunol, 67, 627, 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.05.002 Vege, 1995, SIDS cases have increased levels of interleukin-6 in cerebrospinal fluid, Acta Paediatr, 84, 193, 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13608.x Moscovis, 2004, Interleukin1-β responses to bacterial toxins and sudden infant death syndrome, FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 42, 139, 10.1016/j.femsim.2004.06.005 Gunteroth, 2002, The triple risk hypotheses in sudden infant death syndrome, Pediatrics, 110