Models of bacterial leaching

Silver, 1978, Metabolic mechanisms of iron-oxidizing Thiobacilli, 3 Norris, 1990, Acidophilic bacteria and their activity in mineral sulfide oxidation, 3 Torma, 1988, Leaching of metals, Vol. 6b, 368 Silverman, 1964, Microbial formation and degradation of minerals, Adv. Appl. Microbiol., 6, 153, 10.1016/S0065-2164(08)70626-9 Espejo, 1987, Growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on elemental sulfur, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 53, 1907, 10.1128/AEM.53.8.1907-1912.1987 Ralph, 1985, Biotechnology applied to raw minerals processing comprehensive biotechnology, 201 Espejo, 1987, Growth of free and attached Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in ore suspensions, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 30, 586, 10.1002/bit.260300416 Touvinen, 1990, Biological fundamental of mineral leaching processes, 55 Lundgren, 1986, Chemical reactions important in bioleaching and bioaccumulation, 16, 7 Lundgren, 1983, Microbial extraction and concentration of metals, 223 Silverman, 1967, Mechanism of bacterial pyrite oxidation, J. Bacteriol., 94, 1046, 10.1128/JB.94.4.1046-1051.1967 Silver, 1978, Metabolisms of iron oxidizing Thiobacilli, 3 Kargi, 1984, Microbial desulfurization of coal, Vol. 3, 242 Dugan, 1978, Microbiological desulfurization of coal, 223 Bos, 1990, Microbial treatment of coal, 343 Beyer, 1986, Influence of pulp density and bioreactor design on microbial desulfurization of coal, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 24, 342, 10.1007/BF00257061 Andrews, 1982, Bacterial coal desulfurization, 337 Uhl, 1989, Continuous microbial desulfurization of coal application of a multistage slurry reactor and analysis of the interactions of microbial and chemical kinetics, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 34, 1341, 10.1002/bit.260341102 Hoffmann, 1981, Kinetics of the removal of iron pyrite from coal by microbial catalysis, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 42, 259, 10.1128/AEM.42.2.259-271.1981 Bagdigian, 1986, The adsorption of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on coal surfaces, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 28, 467, 10.1002/bit.260280402 Hutchins, 1986, Microorganisms in reclamation of metals, Ann. Rev. Microbiol., 40, 311, 10.1146/annurev.mi.40.100186.001523 Kargi, 1984, A dynamic mathematical model for microbial removal of pyritic sulfur from coal, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 26, 604, 10.1002/bit.260260608 Myerson, 1983, The adsorption of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on solid particles, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 25, 1669, 10.1002/bit.260250621 Myerson, 1984, Continuous bacterial coal desulfurization employing Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 26, 92, 10.1002/bit.260260117 Konishi, 1990, Bacterial dissolution of pyrite by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, 5, 231 Wichlacz, 1985, Growth kinetics of attached iron-oxidizing bacteria, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 50, 460, 10.1128/AEM.50.2.460-467.1985 Dispirito, 1983, Sorption of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans to particulate material, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 25, 1163, 10.1002/bit.260250422 Wakao, 1984, Bacterial pyrite oxidation III. Adsorption of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cells on solid surfaces and its effect on iron release from pyrite, J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 30, 63, 10.2323/jgam.30.63 Bryant, 1984, The role of Thiobacillus albertis glycocalyx in the adhesion of cells to elemental sulfur, Can. J. Microbiol., 30, 81, 10.1139/m84-015 Takakuwa, 1979, Some properties of cell-sulfur adhesion in Thiobacillus thiooxidans, J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 25, 21, 10.2323/jgam.25.21 Larsson, 1993, Oxidation of pyrite by Acidianus brierleyi: Importance of close contact between the pyrite and the microorganisms, Biotechnol. Lett., 15, 99, 10.1007/BF00131561 Berry, 1978, Direct observations of bacteria and quantitative studies of their catalytic role in the leaching of low-grade, copper-bearing waste, 103 Grishin, 1989, Scanning electron microscopic examination of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on different support matrix materials in packed bed and fluidized bed bioreactors, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 31, 505, 10.1007/BF00270785 Andrews, 1988, Communications to the editor: The selective adsorption of thiobacilli to dilocation sites on pyrite surfaces, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 31, 378, 10.1002/bit.260310414 Ohgaki, 1977, Kinetics of attached microbial growth in a continuous stirred tank reactor, Water Res., 12, 243, 10.1016/0043-1354(78)90093-3 Beyer, 1986, Influence of pulp density and bioreactor design on microbial desulphurization of coal, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 24, 342, 10.1007/BF00257061 Kargi, 1982, Removal of sulfur compounds from coal by the thermophilic organism Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 44, 878, 10.1128/AEM.44.4.878-883.1982 Torma, 1977, Oxidation of stibinite by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 43, 1, 10.1007/BF02316204 Torma, 1972, The effect of carbon dioxide and particle surface area on the microbiological leaching of a zinc sulphide concentrate, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 14, 471, 10.1002/bit.260140507 Guay, 1980, Uranium biohydrometallurgy, 8 Ahonen, 1989, Temperature effects on the microbiological leaching complex sulfide ore material in percolators containing chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pentlandite, and pyrrhotite as main minerals, Biotechnol. Lett., 11, 331, 10.1007/BF01024513 Brierley, 1986, Microbial mining using thermophilic microorganisms, 279 Kelley, 1986, Microbiological oxidation of minerals in mine tailings, 33 Karamanev, 1988, Influence of some physicochemical parameters on bacterial activity of biofilm: Ferrous iron oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 31, 295, 10.1002/bit.260310403 Brock, 1984, The microbe in its environment: Biology of microorganisms, 239 Lundgren, 1980, Ore leaching by bacteria, Ann. Rev. Microbiol., 34, 263, 10.1146/annurev.mi.34.100180.001403 Brierley, 1978, Bacterial leaching, Crit. Rev. Microbiol., 6, 207, 10.3109/10408417809090623 Torma, A.E. and Bosecker, J.A. Bacterial leaching. Prog. Ind. Microbiol. 16, 77–118 Ahonen, 1991, Temperature effects on bacterial leaching of sulfide minerals in shake flask experiments, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57, 138, 10.1128/AEM.57.1.138-145.1991 Ferroni, 1986, Isolation and temperature characterization of psychrotrophic strains of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans from the environment of a uranium mine, J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 32, 169, 10.2323/jgam.32.169 Ahonen, 1989, Microbiological oxidation of ferrous iron at low temperature, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 55, 312, 10.1128/AEM.55.2.312-316.1989 Torma, 1977, The role of Thiobacilluc ferrooxidans in hydrometallurgical processes, vol. 6, 1 Torma, 1984, Biotechnology in hydrometallurgical processes, Trends Biotechnol., 2, 13, 10.1016/0167-7799(84)90047-7 Dispirito, 1981, Inhibitory effect of particulate materials in growing cultures of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 23, 2761, 10.1002/bit.260231210 Ahonen, 1990, Kinetics of sulfur oxidation at suboptimal temperatures, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 56, 560, 10.1128/AEM.56.2.560-562.1990 Wichlacz, 1981, Acidophilic, heterophic bacteria of acidic mine waters, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 41, 1254, 10.1128/AEM.41.5.1254-1261.1981 Tributsch, 1981, Semiconductor-electrochemical aspects of bacterial leaching. I. Oxidation of metal sulphides with large energy gaps, J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol., 31, 565, 10.1002/jctb.280310176 Tributsch, 1981, Semiconductor-electrochemical aspects of bacterial leaching. Part 2. Survey of rate-controlling sulphide properties, J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol., 31, 627, 10.1002/jctb.280310186 Mustin, 1992, Corrosion and electrochemical oxidation of a pyrite by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 58, 1175, 10.1128/AEM.58.4.1175-1182.1992 Yunker, 1983, Enhancement of growth and ferrous iron oxidation rates of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans by electrochemical reduction of ferric iron, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 28, 1867, 10.1002/bit.260281214 Natarajan, 1988, Electrochemical aspects of bioleaching multisulfide minerals, 61 Natarajan, 1992, Effect of applied potentials on the activity and growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 39, 907, 10.1002/bit.260390905 Heckly, 1976, Free radicals in dry biological systems, 135 Natarajan, 1990, Electrochemical aspects of bioleaching of base-metal sulfides, 79 Berry, 1978, Galvanic interaction between chalcopyrite and pyrite during bacterial leaching of low-grade waste, Hydrometallurgy, 3, 309, 10.1016/0304-386X(78)90036-1 Gale, 1967, Evidence for the calvanic cycle and hexose monophosphate pathway in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, J. Bacteriol., 94, 1052, 10.1128/JB.94.4.1052-1059.1967 Metha, 1983, Fundamental studies of the contribution of galvanic interaction to acid-bacterial leaching of mixed metal sulfides, Hydrometallurgy, 9, 235, 10.1016/0304-386X(83)90025-7 Holuigue, 1987, CO2 fixation by mineral leaching bacteria: Characteristics of the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem., 9, 497, 10.1111/j.1470-8744.1987.tb00493.x Torma, 1986, Biotechnology as an emerging technology, 16, 49 Haddadin, 1993, Effect of different carbon dioxide concentrations on ferrous iron and pyrite oxidation by a mixed culture of iron and/or sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 15, 832, 10.1016/0141-0229(93)90094-I Kelly, 1978, Factors affecting metabolism and ferrous iron oxidation in suspensions and batch cultures of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans: Relevance to ferric iron leach solution regeneration, 19 Tuovinen, 1971, Effect of mineral nutrients and organic substances on the development of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 13, 517, 10.1002/bit.260130406 Ingledew, 1982, Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans/the bioenergetics of an acidophilic chemolithotroph, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 683, 89, 10.1016/0304-4173(82)90007-6 Vuorinen, 1987, Analysis of soluble iron compounds in the bacterial oxidation of pyrite, J. Ferment. Technol., 65, 37, 10.1016/0385-6380(87)90063-X Lodi, 1989, Biological leaching of inorganic materials, 133 Grishin, 1988, Characterization of jarosite formed upon bacterial oxidation of ferrous sulfate in a packed-bed reactor, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 54, 3101, 10.1128/AEM.54.12.3101-3106.1988 Curutchet, 1992, Effect of iron (III) and its hydrolysis products (jarosites) on Thiobacillus ferrooxidans growth and on bacterial leaching, Biotechnol. Lett., 14, 329, 10.1007/BF01022333 Kumar, 1990, Modelling of Fe2+ oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 33, 524, 10.1007/BF00172545 Lacey, 1970, Kinetics of the liquid-phase oxidation of acid ferrous sulfate by the bacterium Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 12, 29, 10.1002/bit.260120104 Paponetti, 1988, Precipitation formation in the oxidation of Fe2+ in the presence of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Hydrometallurgy, 20, 1, 10.1016/0304-386X(88)90023-0 Petrova, 1985, A study of growth and development of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans w.r.t. oxidation of Fe2+ and sulfide minerals by means of mathematical modeling, 64 Blancarte-Zurita, 1985, Particle size effects in the microbiological leaching of sulfide concentrates by T. ferrooxidans, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 28, 751, 10.1002/bit.260280516 Sanmugasunderam, 1984, A growth model for the continuous microbiological leaching of a zinc sulfide concentrate by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 27, 1173, 10.1002/bit.260270812 Gormely, 1975, Continuous culture of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on a zinc sulfide concentrate, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 17, 31, 10.1002/bit.260170104 Hanson, 1989, Kinetic model of the bacterial leaching of chalcopyrite concentrates, 25 Chang, 1982, Growth models of the continuous bacterial leaching of iron pyrite by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 24, 889, 10.1002/bit.260240411 Kargi, 1986, Kinetics parameter estimation in microbial desulfurization of coal, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 30, 1063, 10.1002/bit.260300909 Andrews, 1989, An examination of the kinetics of bacterial pyrite decomposition, 87 Hansford, 1992, Batch and continuous biooxidation kinetics of a refractory gold-bearing pyrite concentrate, Minerals Eng., 5, 597, 10.1016/0892-6875(92)90057-G Pinches, 1987, The performance of bacterial leach reactors for the preoxidation of refractory gold-bearing sulfide concentrates, 329 Miller, 1992, The use of the logistic equation for modelling the performance of a biooxidation pilot plant treating a gold-bearing arsenopyrite concentrate, Minerals Eng., 5, 737, 10.1016/0892-6875(92)90243-3 Andrews, 1991, Aerobic waste water process models, vol. 4, 409 Hao, 1990, Biological fixed film system, Res. J. WPCF, 62, 406 Park, 1983, Analysis of a continuous aerobic fixed film bioreactor. I. Steady state behavior, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 26, 457, 10.1002/bit.260260509 Pirt, 1982, Maintenance energy: A general model for energy limited and energy sufficient growth, Arch. Microbiol., 133, 300, 10.1007/BF00521294 Karamanev, 1991, Model of the biofilm structure of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, J. Biotechnol., 20, 51, 10.1016/0168-1656(91)90034-S Christensen, 1989, The role of extracellular polysaccharides in biofilms, J. Biotechnol., 10, 181, 10.1016/0168-1656(89)90064-3 Wilderer, 1989, Structure and function of biofilms, 5