Models for Studying Myelination, Demyelination and Remyelination
Tóm tắt
One of the most widely studied demyelinating diseases is multiple sclerosis, which is characterised by the appearance of demyelinating plaques, followed by myelin regeneration. Nevertheless, with disease progression, remyelination tends to fail, increasing the characteristic neurodegeneration of the disease. It is essential to understand the mechanisms that operate in the processes of myelination, demyelination and remyelination to develop treatments that promote the production of new myelin, thereby protecting the central nervous system. A huge variety of models have been developed to help improve our understanding of these processes. Nevertheless, no single model allows us to study all the processes involved in remyelination and usually more than one is needed to provide a full picture of related mechanisms. In this review, we summarise the most commonly used models for studying myelination, demyelination and remyelination and we analyse them critically to outline the most suitable ways of using them.
Tài liệu tham khảo
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citation_journal_title=The Journal of Experimental Medicine; citation_title=Optic neuritis, a new variant of experimental encephalomyelitis, a durable model for all seasons, now in its seventieth year; citation_author=L Steinman; citation_volume=197; citation_issue=9; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=1065-1071; citation_doi=10.1084/jem.20030320; citation_id=CR77
citation_journal_title=Trends in Immunology.; citation_title=Virtues and pitfalls of EAE for the development of therapies for multiple sclerosis; citation_author=L Steinman, SS Zamvil; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_id=CR78
citation_journal_title=Experimental Neurology; citation_title=Rolipram promotes remyelination possibly via MEK-ERK signal pathway in cuprizone-induced demyelination mouse; citation_author=X Sun, Y Liu, B Liu, Z Xiao, L Zhang; citation_volume=237; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=304-311; citation_doi=10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.07.011; citation_id=CR79
citation_journal_title=EMBO Molecular Medicine; citation_title=Inhibition of phosphodiesterase-4 promotes oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and enhances CNS remyelination; citation_author=YA Syed, A Baer, MP Hofer, GA González, J Rundle, S Myrta; citation_volume=5; citation_issue=12; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_pages=1918-1934; citation_doi=10.1002/emmm.201303123; citation_id=CR80
citation_journal_title=Science; citation_title=Spontaneous encephalomyelitis of mice. A new virus disease; citation_author=M Theiler; citation_volume=80; citation_issue=2066; citation_publication_date=1934; citation_pages=122; citation_doi=10.1126/science.80.2066.122-a; citation_id=CR81
citation_journal_title=Journal of Neuroscience Research; citation_title=Spinal AMPA receptor inhibition attenuates mechanical allodynia and neuronal hyperexcitability following spinal cord injury in rats; citation_author=CE Thomson, AM Hunter, IR Griffiths, JM Edgar, MC McCulloch; citation_volume=84; citation_issue=11; citation_publication_date=2006; citation_pages=1703-1715; citation_doi=10.1002/jnr.21084; citation_id=CR82
citation_journal_title=Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum; citation_title=The cuprizone model for demyelination; citation_author=O Torkildsen, LA Brunborg, KM Myhr, L Bo, Ø Torkildsen, B La; citation_volume=188; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=72-76; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01036.x; citation_id=CR83
citation_journal_title=Glia; citation_title=An in vitro model for de- and remyelination using lysophosphatidyl choline in rodent whole brain spheroid cultures; citation_author=EJF Vereyken, DM Fluitsma, MJ Bolijn, CD Dijkstra, CE Teunissen; citation_volume=57; citation_issue=12; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=1326-1340; citation_doi=10.1002/glia.20852; citation_id=CR84
citation_journal_title=Journal of Neuroscience Research; citation_title=Differentiation of proliferated NG2-positive glial progenitor cells in a remyelinating lesion; citation_author=M Watanabe, Y Toyama, A Nishiyama; citation_volume=69; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=826-836; citation_doi=10.1002/jnr.10338; citation_id=CR85
citation_journal_title=Neuron; citation_title=Distinct stages of myelination regulated by γ-secretase and astrocytes in a rapidly myelinating CNS coculture system; citation_author=TA Watkins, B Emery, S Mulinyawe, BA Barres; citation_volume=60; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=555-569; citation_doi=10.1016/j.neuron.2008.09.011; citation_id=CR86
citation_journal_title=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences; citation_title=Neurons derived from reprogrammed fibroblasts functionally integrate into the fetal brain and improve symptoms of rats with Parkinson’s disease; citation_author=M Wernig, J-P Zhao, J Pruszak, E Hedlund, D Fu, F Soldner; citation_volume=105; citation_issue=15; citation_publication_date=2008; citation_pages=5856-5861; citation_doi=10.1073/pnas.0801677105; citation_id=CR87
citation_journal_title=Nature; citation_title=T-cell epitope of the autoantigen myelin basic protein that induces encephalomyelitis; citation_author=SS Zamvil, DJ Mitchell, AC Moore, K Kitamura, L Steinman, JB Rothbard; citation_volume=324; citation_issue=6094; citation_publication_date=1986; citation_pages=258-260; citation_doi=10.1038/324258a0; citation_id=CR88
citation_journal_title=Experimental Neurology; citation_title=Central nervous system remyelination in culture—a tool for multiple sclerosis research; citation_author=H Zhang, AA Jarjour, A Boyd, A Williams; citation_volume=230; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=138-148; citation_doi=10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.04.009; citation_id=CR89