Modelling and measuring evapotranspiration in a daily drip irrigated cotton field
Tóm tắt
An eddy correlation system (ECS) was used to estimate evapotranspiration (E) in a daily drip irrigated cotton field. Cotton yield, water use, and their ratio (Water use efficiency; WUE) were compared in four irrigation treatments. Three treatments were irrigated at levels of 85, 100, and 115% of E, while the fourth was irrigated according to grower's usual practice. E data were used to verify a one dimensional numerical model which simulates, in real time, the different energy fluxes existing in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. The model requires input of vegetation parameters (leaf area index, photometric properties, shading factor, root density distribution), soil parameters texture, hydraulic and photo-metric properties, temporal micrometeorological data (solar radiation, wind speed, air temperature and humidity) measured above the field, and irrigation quantities. The verification study was carried out during a cotton growing season in Hula Valley, Northern Israel. Results show that E rates are strongly affected by the intensity and arrival time of the inland penetrating Mediterranean sea breeze. WUE in the treatment which was irrigated according to the ECS was highest. Accurate estimations were also made by the model.
Tài liệu tham khảo
citation_journal_title=Agric Forest Meteorol; citation_title=A model to simulate response of plant stomata to environmental conditions; citation_author=R Avissar, P Avissar, Y Mahrer, BA Bravdo; citation_volume=34; citation_publication_date=1985; citation_pages=21-29; citation_id=CR1
citation_journal_title=J Appl Meteorol; citation_title=Mapping frost sensitive areas with a three dimensional local scale numerical model, Part I. Physical and numerical aspects; citation_author=R Avissar, Y Mahrer; citation_volume=27; citation_publication_date=1988; citation_pages=400-413; citation_id=CR2
citation_title=Evaporation into the Atmosphere. Theory History and Applications; citation_publication_date=1982; citation_id=CR3; citation_author=W Brutsaert; citation_publisher=D Reidel Publishing Company
citation_journal_title=J Atmos Sci; citation_title=Flux-profile relationships in the atmospheric surface layer; citation_author=JA Businger, JC Wyngaard, Y Izumi, EF Bradley; citation_volume=28; citation_publication_date=1971; citation_pages=181-189; citation_id=CR4
citation_title=A Krypton hygrometer for measurement of atmospheric water vapor concentration. Moisture and Humidity; citation_publication_date=1985; citation_id=CR5; citation_author=GS Campbell; citation_author=BD Tanner; citation_publisher=ISA
citation_title=Thermal properties of soil; citation_inbook_title=Physics of plant environment; citation_publication_date=1963; citation_pages=210-235; citation_id=CR6; citation_author=DA Vries; citation_publisher=North Holland Pub Co
citation_journal_title=Water Resour Res; citation_title=Canopy temperature as a crop water stress indicator; citation_author=RD Jackson, SB Idso, RJ Reginato, PJ Pinter; citation_volume=17; citation_publication_date=1981; citation_pages=1133-1138; citation_id=CR7
citation_journal_title=Boundary Layer Meteorol; citation_title=On the measurement of vertical humidity transport over land; citation_author=M Miyake, G McBean; citation_volume=1; citation_publication_date=1970; citation_pages=88-101; citation_id=CR8
citation_journal_title=Boundary Layer Meteorol; citation_title=Modelling microclimate environment: A verifications study; citation_author=O Naot, Y Mahrer; citation_volume=46; citation_publication_date=1989; citation_pages=333-354; citation_id=CR9
citation_title=Comparison of Bowen ratio estimates from two sets of sensors; citation_inbook_title=Proc 16th Conf Agric Forest Meteorol; citation_publication_date=1983; citation_pages=77-78; citation_id=CR10; citation_author=Z Osmolski; citation_author=LW Gay; citation_publisher=Am Meteorol Soc
citation_title=Determination of water deficit and irrigation timing by meteorological indices as compared to soil and plant based methods; citation_publication_date=1986; citation_id=CR11; citation_author=AL Orchansky; citation_publisher=Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture
citation_journal_title=Trans Am Geophys Union; citation_title=Moisture movement in porous material under temperature gradients; citation_author=JR Phillip, DA Vries; citation_volume=38; citation_publication_date=1957; citation_pages=222-231; citation_id=CR12
Ravikovitch S (1981) The soils of Israel. Formation, Nature and Properties. Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House (in Hebrew), 489 pp
citation_journal_title=Science; citation_title=Sap pressure in vascular plants; citation_author=PF Scholander, HT Hammel, ED Bradstreet, EA Hemminsger; citation_volume=148; citation_publication_date=1965; citation_pages=339-346; citation_id=CR14
citation_journal_title=Boundary Layer Meteorol; citation_title=A switched continuous wave sonic anemometer for measuring surface heat fluxes; citation_author=WJ Shuttleworth, DD McNeil, CJ Moore; citation_volume=23; citation_publication_date=1982; citation_pages=425-448; citation_id=CR15
citation_title=Practical Micrometeorology; citation_publication_date=1961; citation_id=CR16; citation_author=RO Slatyer; citation_author=IC McIlroy; citation_publisher=CSIRO
citation_title=Micrometeorology; citation_publication_date=1953; citation_id=CR17; citation_author=OG Sutton; citation_publisher=McGraw Hill
citation_journal_title=J Meteorol; citation_title=The measurement of vertical transfer of heat and water vapor by eddies in lower atmosphere; citation_author=WC Swinbank; citation_volume=23; citation_publication_date=1951; citation_pages=425-448; citation_id=CR18
Tanner BD (1984) Measurements with a portable eddy correlation system. Resume for the International Sym. in memory of Frank Sauberer, Vienna, Austria
Tanner B, Tanner M, Dugas W, Campbell E, Bland B (1985) Evaluation of an operational eddy correlation system for evapotranspiration measurements. National Conference on Advances on ET Am Soc Agr Eng Chicago Ill
citation_journal_title=World Oil; citation_title=The generalized Kozeny-Carman equation; citation_author=MRJ Wyllie, GHF Gardner; citation_volume=146; citation_publication_date=1958; citation_pages=210-228; citation_id=CR21
citation_journal_title=J Appl Meteorol; citation_title=Calibration and tests of a yaw sphere-thermometer system for sensible heat flux measurements; citation_author=D Yap, TA Black, TR Oke; citation_volume=13; citation_publication_date=1974; citation_pages=40-45; citation_id=CR22