Modeling the Effect of In Situ Nozzle-Integrated Compression Rolling on the Void Reduction and Filaments-Filament Adhesion in Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)
Tóm tắt
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most common additive manufacturing techniques, in which, continuously extruded semi-molten filaments are deposited in a layer-by-layer manner. The quality of the manufactured part heavily depends on filament-filament contact, filament-filament interfacial adhesion and overall void fraction. In our earlier work, we used a novel fabrication method that applied additional compression to newly deposited filaments using an in situ roller ball. We then studied the effect of in situ compression on the quality of adhesion, and subsequently, on the thermal and mechanical properties of the printed parts. Under an optimized set of experimental conditions, a significant improvement in material toughness and tensile strength was measured. Here, we have developed an integrated theoretical model that predicts the impact of in situ compression rolling on filament-filament contact during deposition. The impact of key parameters associated with the rolling process, such as ball weight, ball temperature and filament temperature on printed part height, void fraction and filament adhesion are studied. Based on the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) contact theory and the theory of elasticity, our mathematical model predicts the evolution of filament-to-filament contact width, the corresponding void fraction and part height in a representative volume element of the printed part. Our theoretical predictions are in good agreement with experimental measurements. Later, the theoretical model is used to optimize the filament temperature during the rolling process. Specifically, we find that isothermal contact between filaments results in optimal adhesion. We have concluded that parts fabricated from a system integrated with an in situ preheating and in situ post-rolling would yield 3D printed plastic parts with enhanced mechanical properties suitable for various structural applications.
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