Modeling intraocular bacterial infections

Aizuss, 1985, The complement system and host defense against Pseudomonas endophthalmitis, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 26, 1262 Albrecht, 2011, Adjunctive use of intravitreal dexamethasone in presumed bacterial endophthalmitis; a randomized trial, Br. J. Ophthmol., 95, 1385, 10.1136/bjo.2010.187963 Alfaro, 1992, Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in penetrating ocular injuries. An experimental study, Retina, 17, 139, 10.1097/00006982-199703000-00010 Alfaro, 1996, Experimental Bacillus cereus post-traumatic endophthalmitis and treatment with ciprofloxacin, Br. J. Ophthalmol., 80, 755, 10.1136/bjo.80.8.755 Alfaro, 1996, The effect of trauma on the ocular penetration of intravenous ciprofloxacin, Am. J. Ophthalmol., 122, 678, 10.1016/S0002-9394(14)70486-6 Alfaro, 1997, Experimental pseudomonal posttraumatic endophthalmitis in a swine model. Treatment with ceftazidime, amikacin and imipenem, Retina, 17, 139, 10.1097/00006982-199703000-00010 Avent, 2011, Current use of aminoglycosides: indications, pharmacokinetics and monitoring for toxicity, Inter. Med. J., 41, 441, 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2011.02452.x Azad, 2003, Pars plana vitrectomy with or without silicone oil endotamponade in post-traumatic endophthalmitis, Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol., 241, 478, 10.1007/s00417-003-0670-4 Balzli, 2010, Sustained anti-staphylococcal effect of lysostaphin in the rabbit aqueous humor, Curr. Eye Res., 35, 480, 10.3109/02713681003664949 Barequet, 2009, Evaluation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa staphylolysin (LasA protease) in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis in a rat model, Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol., 247, 913, 10.1007/s00417-009-1061-2 Bayer, 1985, Role of the posterior capsule in the prevention of postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis: experimental primate studies and clinical implications, Br. J. Ophthalmol., 69, 841, 10.1136/bjo.69.11.841 Baum, 1982, Intravitreal administration of antibiotic in the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis III, Consens. Surv. Ophthalmol., 26, 204, 10.1016/0039-6257(82)90080-7 Beecher, 1995, Extracellular virulence factors in Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis: methods and implication of involvement of hemolysin BL, Infect. Immun., 63, 632, 10.1128/IAI.63.2.632-639.1995 Beecher, 2000, Evidence for contribution of tripartite hemolysin BL, phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase C and collagenase to virulence of Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis, Infect. Immun., 68, 5269, 10.1128/IAI.68.9.5269-5276.2000 Bennett, 1974, Use of tobramycin in eradicating experimental bacterial endophthalmitis, Albr. Von Graefes Arch. Kiln. Exp. Ophthalmol., 191, 93, 10.1007/BF00407823 Benz, 2004, Endophthalmitis isolates and antibiotic sensitivities: a 6-year review of culture-proven cases, Am. J. Ophthalmol., 137, 38, 10.1016/S0002-9394(03)00896-1 Bhagat, 2011, Post-traumatic infectious endophthalmitis, Surv. Ophthalmol., 56, 214, 10.1016/j.survophthal.2010.09.002 Bhoomibunchoo, 2013, Infectious endophthalmitis: review of 420 cases, Clin. Ophthalmol., 7, 247 Bispo, 2013, Emerging 8-methoxyfluoroquinolone resistance among methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates recovered from patients with endophthalmitis, J. Clin. Microbiol., 51, 2959, 10.1128/JCM.00846-13 Booth, 1995, Accessory gene regulator controls Staphylococcus virulence in endophthalmitis, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 36, 1828 Booth, 1997, Staphylococcal accessory regular (sar) in conjunction with agr contributes to Staphylococcus aureus virulence in endophthalmitis, Infect.. Immun., 65, 1550, 10.1128/IAI.65.4.1550-1556.1997 Brian, 2001, Cataract blindness-challenges for the 21st century, Bull. World Health Organ., 79, 249 Bucher, 2005, Effect of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide on susceptibility to experimental bacterial endophthalmitis and subsequent response to treatment, Arch. Ophthalmol., 123, 649, 10.1001/archopht.123.5.649 Bui, 2014, Evidence for and against intravitreous corticosteroids in addition to intravitreous antibiotics of acute endophthalmitis, Intern. Ophthalmol. Clin., 54, 215, 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000020 Busbee, 2004, Bleb-associated endophthalmitis: clinical characteristics and visual outcomes, Ophthalmology, 111, 1495, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.01.028 Callegan, 1999, Pathogenesis of Gram-positive bacterial endophthalmitis, Infect. Immun., 67, 3348, 10.1128/IAI.67.7.3348-3356.1999 Callegan, 1999, Role of hemolysin BL in the pathogenesis of extraintestinal Bacillus cereus infection assessed in an endophthalmitis model, Infect. Immun., 67, 3357, 10.1128/IAI.67.7.3357-3366.1999 Callegan, 2002, Contribution of membrane-damaging toxins to Bacillus endophthalmitis pathogenesis, Infect. Immun., 70, 5381, 10.1128/IAI.70.10.5381-5389.2002 Callegan, 2002, Bacterial endophthalmitis: epidemiology, therapeutics, and bacterium-host interactions, Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 15, 111, 10.1128/CMR.15.1.111-124.2002 Callegan, 2003, Relationship of plcR-regulated factors to Bacillus endophthalmitis virulence, Infect. Immun., 71, 3116, 10.1128/IAI.71.6.3116-3124.2003 Callegan, 2005, Bacillus endophthalmitis: roles of bacterial toxins and motility during infection, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 46, 3233, 10.1167/iovs.05-0410 Callegan, 2006, Role of swarming migration in the pathogenesis of Bacillus endophthalmitis, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 47, 4461, 10.1167/iovs.06-0301 Callegan, 2007, Bacterial endophthalmitis: therapeutic challenges and host-pathogen interactions, Prog. Retin. Eye Res., 26, 189, 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2006.12.001 Callegan, 2011, Efficacy of vitrectomy in improving the outcome of Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis, Retina, 31, 1518, 10.1097/IAE.0b013e318206d176 Campochiaro, 1994, Aminoglycoside toxicity in the treatment of endophthalmitis, Arch. Ophthalmol., 112, 48, 10.1001/archopht.1994.01090130058017 Clark, 1999, Treatment strategies and visual acuity outcomes in chronic postoperative Propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis, Ophthalmology, 106, 1665, 10.1016/S0161-6420(99)90348-2 Coburn, 2012, The diabetic ocular environment facilitates the development of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 53, 7426, 10.1167/iovs.12-10661 Coburn, 2015, Blood-retinal barrier compromise and endogenous Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 56, 7303, 10.1167/iovs.15-17488 Conley, 2010, Nanoparticles for retinal gene therapy, Prog. Retin. Eye Res., 29, 376, 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2010.04.004 Conway, 1986, Macular infarction after endophthalmitis treated with vitrectomy and intravitreal gentamicin, Arch. Ophthalmol., 104, 367, 10.1001/archopht.1986.01050150067028 Conway, 1989, Gentamicin toxicity in the primate retina, Arch. Ophthalmol., 107, 107, 10.1001/archopht.1989.01070010109037 Cottingham, 1976, Vitrectomy in endophthalmitis, Arch. Ophthalmol., 94, 2078, 10.1001/archopht.1976.03910040738007 Coutinho, 2011, The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids, recent developments and mechanistic insights, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 335, 2, 10.1016/j.mce.2010.04.005 Dajcs, 2001, Lysostaphin is effective in treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis in the rabbit, Curr. Eye Res., 22, 451, 10.1076/ceyr.22.6.451.5486 Das, 1999, Intravitreal dexamethasone in exogenous bacterial endophthalmitis: results of a prospective randomized study, Br. J. Ophthalmol., 53, 1050, 10.1136/bjo.83.9.1050 Demant, 1977, An experimental model of Candida endophthalmitis, Can. J. Ophthalmol., 12, 304 Deramo, 2006, Acute endophthalmitis in eyes treated prophylactically with gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin, Am. J. Ophthalmol., 142, 721, 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.05.044 Diago, 2009, Infectious endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of antiangiogenic agents, Retina, 29, 601, 10.1097/IAE.0b013e31819d2591 Diebold, 2010, Applications of nanoparticles in ophthalmology, Prog. Retin. Eye Res., 29, 596, 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2010.08.002 Eliopoulos, 2004, Quinolone resistance mechanisms in pneumococci, Clin. Infect. Dis., 38, S350, 10.1086/382709 Endophthalmitis Study Group European Society of Cataract & Refractive Surgeons, 2007, Prophylaxis of postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: results of the ESCRS multicenter study and identification of risk factors, J. Cataract. Refract. Surg., 33, 978, 10.1016/j.jcrs.2007.02.032 Engelbert, 2003, Intravenous treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis: imipenem verses the combination of ceftazidime and amikacin, Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol., 241, 1029, 10.1007/s00417-003-0768-8 Engelbert, 2004, Contribution of gelatinase, serine protease, and fsr to the pathogenesis of Enterococcus faecalis endophthalmitis, Infect. Immun., 72, 3628, 10.1128/IAI.72.6.3628-3633.2004 Engelbert, 2004, Intravitreal vancomycin and amikacin versus intravenous imipenem in the treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis, Graefe's Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol., 242, 313, 10.1007/s00417-003-0767-9 Engelbert, 2005, Fas ligand but not complement is critical for control of experimental Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 46, 2479, 10.1167/iovs.04-1139 Ermis, 2005, Treatment of Staphylococcus Epidermidis endophthalmitis with intravitreal moxifloxacin in a rabbit model, Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 205, 223, 10.1620/tjem.205.223 Ermis, 2007, Effects of intravitreal moxifloxacin and dexamethasone in experimental Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis, Curr. Eye Res., 32, 337, 10.1080/02713680701215595 Fischetti, 2010, Bacteriophage endolysins: a novel anti-infective to control Gram-positive pathogens, Int. J. Med. Microbiol., 300, 357, 10.1016/j.ijmm.2010.04.002 Fischetti, 2011, Exploiting what phage have evolved to control gram-positive pathogens, Bacteriophage, 1, 188, 10.4161/bact.1.4.17747 Forster, 1992, Experimental postoperative endophthalmitis, Tr. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc., 90, 505 Forster, 1995, Endophthalmitis vitrectomy study, Arch. Ophthalmol., 113, 1555, 10.1001/archopht.1995.01100120085015 Gaidt, 2016, Human Monocytes engage an alternative inflammasome pathway, Immunity, 44, 1, 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.01.012 Gan, 2005, Intravitreal dexamethasone as adjuvant in the treatment of postoperative endophthalmitis: a prospective randomized trial, Graefe's Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol., 243, 1200, 10.1007/s00417-005-0133-1 Gaudio, 2004, A review of evidence guiding the use of corticosteroids in the treatment of intraocular inflammation, Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm., 12, 169, 10.1080/092739490500192 Gentile, 2014, Microbiological spectrum and antibiotic sensitivity in endophthalmitis, Ophthalmology, 121, 1634, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.02.001 Giese, 1994, Complement system and host defense against staphylococcal endophthalmitis, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 35, 1026 Giese, 1998, Cytokine expression in a rat model of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 39, 2785 Giese, 2000, Adhesion molecule expression in a rat model of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 41, 145 Giese, 2003, Mitigation of neutrophil infiltration in a rat model of early Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 44, 3077, 10.1167/iovs.02-1250 Graham, 1974, Intravitreal injection of dexamethasone: treatment of experimentally induced endophthalmitis, Arch. Ophthalmol., 92, 149, 10.1001/archopht.1974.01010010155016 Hall, 2008, Adjunctive intravitreal dexamethasone in the treatment of acute endophthalmitis following cataract surgery, J. Clin. Ophthalmol., 2, 139 Han, 2004, Intravitreal human immune globulin in a rabbit model of Staphylococcus aureus toxin-mediated endophthalmitis: a potential adjunct in the treatment of endophthalmitis, Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc., 102, 305 Herrero-Vanrell, 2014, The potential of using biodegradable microspheres in retinal diseases and other intraocular pathologies, Prog. Retin. Eye Res., 42, 27, 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.04.002 Hosseini, 2009, Effect of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of experimental Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis, Curr. Eye Res., 34, 145, 10.1080/02713680802585938 Hunt, 2011, Contribution of mucoviscosity associated gene A (magA) to virulence in experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 52, 6860, 10.1167/iovs.11-7798 Hunt, 2011, The pathogenesis of infectious endophthalmitis Hunt, 2014, TLR4 contributes to the host response to Klebsiella intraocular infection, Curr. Eye Res., 39, 790, 10.3109/02713683.2014.883412 Ishii, 2011, Successful treatment of endogenous Klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis: a case report, Int. Ophthalmol., 31, 29, 10.1007/s10792-010-9387-7 Jackson, 2014, Systematic review of 342 cases of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis, Surv. Ophthalmol., 59, 627, 10.1016/j.survophthal.2014.06.002 Jensen, 2008, Third- and fourth-generation fluoroquinolones: retrospective comparison of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery performed over 10 years, J. Cataract. Refract. Surg., 34, 1460, 10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.05.045 Jett, 1992, Contribution of the pAD1-encoded cytolysin to the severity of experimental Enterococcus faecalis endophthalmitis, Infect. Immun., 60, 244, 10.1128/IAI.60.6.2445-2452.1992 Jett, 1995, Evaluation of therapeutic measures for treating endophthalmitis caused by isogenic toxin-producing and toxin-nonproducing Enterococcus faecalis strains, Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 36, 9 Josephberg, 2006, Endophthalmitis: the latest in current management, Retina, 26, S47, 10.1097/01.iae.0000236457.08393.3f Kasbeer, 1975, Penetration of amikacin into the aphakic eye, Graefes Arch. Klin. Exp. Ophthalmol., 196, 85, 10.1007/BF00410030 Khan, 2007, Candida endophthalmitis: focus on current and future antifungal treatment options, Pharmocotherapy, 27, 1711, 10.1592/phco.27.12.1711 Kim, 1996, Efficacy of ciprofloxacin and dexamethasone in experimental Pseudomonas endophthalmitis, Korean J. Ophthalmol., 10, 8, 10.3341/kjo.1996.10.1.8 Klein, 2009, Endophthalmitis after anti-VEGF injections, Ophthalmology, 116, 1225.e1, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.02.031 Krause, 2009, Incidence and outcome of endophthalmitis over a 13-year period, Can. J. Ophthalmol., 44, 88, 10.3129/i08-160 Kotra, 2000, Aminoglycosides: perspectives on mechanisms of action and resistance and strategies to counter resistance, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 44, 3249, 10.1128/AAC.44.12.3249-3256.2000 Kowalski, 2008, A comparison of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin topical prophylaxis fluoroquinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus rabbit model, Jpn. J. Ophthalmol., 52, 211, 10.1007/s10384-008-0530-1 Kowalski, 2004, Topical prophylaxis with moxifloxacin prevents endophthalmitis in a rabbit model, Am. J. Ophthalmol., 138, 33, 10.1016/j.ajo.2004.02.051 Kowalski, 2012, The comparison of fluoroquinolones to nonfluoroquinolone antibacterial agents for the prevention of endophthalmitis in a rabbit model, J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther., 28, 604, 10.1089/jop.2012.0073 Kuhn, 2005, Ten years after…are findings of the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study still relevant today?, Graefe's Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol., 243, 1197, 10.1007/s00417-005-0082-8 Kumar, 2010, Toll-like receptor 2 ligand-induced protection against bacterial endophthalmitis, J. Infect. Dis., 201, 255, 10.1086/649589 Kumar, 2015, Role of Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors in inducing inflammation and vascular permeability in a mouse model of bacterial endophthalmitis, PLoS ONE, 10, 1 Kuriyan, 2014, Endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus faecalis: clinical features, antibiotic sensitivities, and outcomes, Am. J. Ophthalmol., 158, 1018, 10.1016/j.ajo.2014.07.038 Lee, 2008, Efficacy of intravitreal gatifloxacin in experimental Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis, J. Korean Ophthalmol. Soc., 49, 651, 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.4.651 Lemley, 2007, Endophthalmitis: a review of current evaluation and management, Retina, 27, 662, 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3180323f96 Leopold, 1945, Intravitreal penetration of penicillin and penicillin therapy of infections of the vitreous, Arch. Ophthalmol., 33, 211, 10.1001/archopht.1945.00890150055008 Leopold, 1946, Intraocular penetration of streptomycin following systemic and local administration, Arch. Ophthalmol., 35, 33, 10.1001/archopht.1946.00890200037007 Leopold, 1952, Surgery of ocular trauma, Arch. Ophthalmol., 48, 738, 10.1001/archopht.1952.00920010750010 Lieb, 2003, Open globe injuries with positive intraocular cultures: factors influencing final visual acuity outcomes, Ophthalmol, 110, 1560, 10.1016/S0161-6420(03)00497-4 Lopez-Cabezas, 2010, Antibiotics in endophthalmitis: microbiological and pharmacokinetic considerations, Curr. Clin. Pharm., 5, 47, 10.2174/157488410790410597 Low, 2004, Quinolone resistance among pneumococci: therapeutic and diagnostic implications, Clin. Infect. Dis., 38, S357, 10.1086/382694 Malecaze, 1988, Immunological analysis of the aqueous humour in candida endophthalmitis. I: experimental study, Br. J. Ophthalmol., 72, 309, 10.1136/bjo.72.4.309 Maylath, 1955, Study of experimental intraocular Infection, Am. J. Ophthalmol., 40, 86, 10.1016/0002-9394(55)92126-7 McCormick, 2006, The effectiveness of lysostaphin therapy for experimental coagulase-negative Staphylococcus endophthalmitis, Curr. Eye Res., 31, 225, 10.1080/02713680500536753 Merani, 2015, Endophthalmitis following intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection; a comprehensive review, Int. J. Retin. Vitr., 1, 1, 10.1186/s40942-015-0010-y Meredith, 1990, Comparative treatment of experimental Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis, Arch. Ophthalmol., 108, 857, 10.1001/archopht.1990.01070080101043 Meredith, 1996, Intraocular dexamethasone produces a harmful effect on treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis, Tr. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc., 94, 241 Meredith, 1999, Posttraumatic endophthalmitis, Arch. Ophthalmol., 117, 520, 10.1001/archopht.117.4.520 Miller, 2006, In vitro fluoroquinolone resistance in staphylococcal endophthalmitis isolates, Arch. Ophthalmol., 124, 479, 10.1001/archopht.124.4.479 Miller, 2013, Comparative in vitro susceptibility of besifloxacin and seven comparators against ciprofloxacin- and methicillin-susceptible/nonsusceptible staphylococci, J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther., 29, 339, 10.1089/jop.2012.0081 Mingeot-Leclercq, 1999, Aminoglycosides: activity and resistance, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43, 727, 10.1128/AAC.43.4.727 Mittra, 1999, Controversies in the management of open-globe injuries involving the posterior segment, Surv. Ophthalmol., 44, 215, 10.1016/S0039-6257(99)00104-6 Moshirfar, 2007, Endophthalmitis after uncomplicated cataract surgery with the use of fourth-generation fluoroquinolones, Ophthalmology, 114, 686, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.08.038 Moyer, 2009, Bacillus cereus-induced permeability of the blood-ocular barrier during experimental endophthalmitis, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 50, 3783, 10.1167/iovs.08-3051 Moynagh, 2003, Toll-like receptor signaling pathways as key targets for mediating the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids, J. Endocrinol., 179, 139, 10.1677/joe.0.1790139 Mylonakis, 2002, The Enterococcus faecalis fsrB gene, a key component of the frs quorum-sensing system, is associated with virulence in the rabbit endophthalmitis model, Infect. Immun., 70, 4678, 10.1128/IAI.70.8.4678-4681.2002 Nazir, 2004, Quinolone-resistance Haemophilus influenzae in a long-term care facility: clinical and molecular epidemiology, Clin. Infect. Dis., 38, 1564, 10.1086/420820 Ness, 2007, Endogenous endophthalmitis: microorganisms, disposition and prognosis, Acta Ophthalmol. Scand., 85, 852, 10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.00982.x Ng, 1997, Implication of pneumolysin as a virulence factor in Streptococcus pneumoniae endophthalmitis, Retina, 17, 521, 10.1097/00006982-199711000-00006 Ng, 2002, Contribution of pneumolysin and autolysin to the pathogenesis of experimental pneumococcal endophthalmitis, Retina, 22, 622, 10.1097/00006982-200210000-00014 Ng, 2005, Management and outcomes of postoperative endophthalmitis since the endophthalmitis vitrectomy study; the Endophthalmitis Population Study of Western Australia (EPSWA)’s fifth report, Ophthalmology, 112, 1199, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.01.050 Novosad, 2011, Role of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 in experimental Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis, PLoS One, 6, 1, 10.1371/journal.pone.0028619 Nishida, 2015, An eleven-year retrospective study of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis, J. Ophthalmol., 2015, 1, 10.1155/2015/261310 Omuta, 2007, Histopathological study on experimental endophthalmitis induced by bloodstream infection with Candida albicans, Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 60, 33 Ozturk, 1999, Penetration of topical and oral ciprofloxacin into the aqueous and vitreous humor in inflamed eyes, Retina, 19, 218, 10.1097/00006982-199905000-00007 Ozturk, 2000, Penetration of topical and oral ofloxacin into the aqueous and vitreous humor of inflamed rabbit eyes, Intern. J. Pharm., 204, 91, 10.1016/S0378-5173(00)00482-8 Papadimitriou, 1986, The pathogenesis of acute systemic candidiasis in a susceptible inbred mouse strain, J. Pathol., 150, 257, 10.1002/path.1711500405 Park, 1995, Effect of intravitreal dexamethasone in treatment of pneumococcal endophthalmitis in rabbits, Arch. Ophthalmol., 113, 1324, 10.1001/archopht.1995.01100100112040 Park, 1999, Intravitreal dexamethasone effect on intravitreal vancomycin elimination in endophthalmitis, Arch. Ophthalmol., 117, 1058, 10.1001/archopht.117.8.1058 Parkunan, 2014, Role of TLR5 and flagella in Bacillus intraocular infection, PLoS ONE, 9, 1, 10.1371/journal.pone.0100543 Parkunan, 2015, Unexpected roles for Toll-like receptor 4 and TRIF in intraocular infection with Gram-positive bacteria, Infect. Immun., 83, 3926, 10.1128/IAI.00502-15 Parrish, 1987, Traumatic endophthalmitis, Int. Ophthalmol. Clin., 27, 112, 10.1097/00004397-198702720-00008 Pastagia, 2013, Lysins: the arrival of pathogen-directed anti-infectives, J. Med. Microbiol., 62, 1506, 10.1099/jmm.0.061028-0 Perkins, 2004, Intravitreally injected human immunoglobulin attenuates the effects of Staphylococcus aureus culture supernatant in a rabbit model of toxin-mediated endophthalmitis, Arch. Ophthalmol., 122, 1499, 10.1001/archopht.122.10.1499 Petropoulos, 2006, Expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in Staphylococcus epidermidis slime-positive experimental endophthalmitis is closely related to clinical inflammatory scores, Graefe's Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol., 244, 1322, 10.1007/s00417-006-0261-2 Peyman, 1975, The experimental and clinical use of intravitreal antibiotics to treat bacterial and fungal endophthalmitis, Doc. Ophthalmol., 39, 183, 10.1007/BF00578762 Peyman, 2009, Intravitreal injection of therapeutic agents, Retina, 29, 875, 10.1097/IAE.0b013e3181a94f01 Pfaller, 2007, Antimicrobial activity of cefepime tested against ceftazidime-resistant Gram-negative clinical strains from North American hospitals: report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1998-2004), Diagn. Microbiol. Inf. Dis., 57, 63, 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.02.003 Pharmakakis, 2008, Apoptotic mechanisms within the retina in Staphylococcus epidermidis experimental endophthalmitis, Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol., 247, 667, 10.1007/s00417-008-0996-z Phillips, 1981, Ceftazidime: in vitro antibacterial activity and susceptibility to β-lactamases compared with that of cefotaxime, moxalactam and other β-lactam antibiotics, J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 8, 23, 10.1093/jac/8.suppl_B.23 Picot, 1898, Recherches experimentales sur l’inoculation de micro-organismes dans la chamber anterieure de l'oeil du lapin, Arch. d'Ophthalmol., 18, 341 Pollack, 2004, Failure of intravitreal dexamethasone to diminish inflammation or retinal toxicity in an experimental model of Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis, Curr. Eye Res., 29, 253, 10.1080/02713680490516701 Ravindranath, 1997, Immunopathologic features of Staphylococcus epidermidis-induced endophthalmitis in the rat, Curr. Eye Res., 16, 1036, 10.1076/ceyr.16.10.1036.9015 Ramadan, 2006, Acute inflammation and loss of retinal architecture and function during experimental Bacillus endophthalmitis, Curr. Eye Res., 31, 955, 10.1080/02713680600976925 Ramadan, 2008, A role for Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in experimental Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis pathogenesis, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 49, 4482, 10.1167/iovs.08-2085 Relhan, 2015, Endophthalmitis caused by Gram-positive organisms with reduced vancomycin susceptibility; literature review and options for treatment, Br. J. Ophthalmol. Remtulla, 1985, A schematic eye for the mouse, and comparisons with the rat, Vis. Res., 25, 21, 10.1016/0042-6989(85)90076-8 Rodrigues, 2009, Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in ophthalmology, Prog. Retin. Eye Res., 28, 117, 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2008.11.005 Roth, 1997, Antibiotic selection in the treatment of endophthalmitis: the significance of drug combinations and synergy, Surv. Ophthalmol., 41, 395, 10.1016/S0039-6257(97)00005-2 Roy, 2013, Endophthalmitis caused by Acinetobacter baumannii: a case series, Eye, 27, 450, 10.1038/eye.2012.277 Rosenzweig, 2012, The NLRP3 inflammasome is active but not essential in endotoxin-induced uveitis, Inflamm. Res., 61, 225, 10.1007/s00011-011-0404-8 Sadaka, 2012, Bacterial endophthalmitis in the age of outpatient intravitreal therapies and cataract surgeries: host-microbe interactions in intraocular infection, Prog. Retin. Eye Res., 31, 316, 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.03.004 Sadaka, 2014, In vitro and in vivo models of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis implicate specific nutrients in ocular infection, PLoS One, 9, 1, 10.1371/journal.pone.0110872 Sadaka, 2015, Staphylococcus aureus and its bearing on ophthalmic disease, Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm., 17, 1, 10.3109/09273948.2015.1075559 Sakalar, 2011, Treatment of experimental Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis using intravitreal moxifloxacin with or without dexamethasone, J. Ocul. Pharmacol.. Ther., 27, 593, 10.1089/jop.2011.0021 Sampat, 2010, Complications of intravitreal injections, Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol., 21, 178, 10.1097/ICU.0b013e328338679a Sanders, 2008, A comparison of pneumolysin activity and concentration in vitro and in vivo in a rabbit endophthalmitis model, Clin. Ophthalmol., 2, 793, 10.2147/OPTH.S3941 Sanders, 2010, Immunization with pneumolysin protects against both retinal and global damage caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae endophthalmitis, J. Ocul. Pharm. Ther., 26, 571, 10.1089/jop.2010.0077 Sanders, 2011, The Streptococcus pneumoniae capsule is required for full virulence in pneumococcal endophthalmitis, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 52, 865, 10.1167/iovs.10-5513 Schech, 1997, Intravenous gentamicin and ceftazidime in penetrating ocular trauma: a swine model, Retina, 17, 28, 10.1097/00006982-199701000-00006 Schimel, 2012, Evolving fluoroquinolone resistance among coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates causing endophthalmitis, Arch. Ophthalmol., 130, 1617, 10.1001/archophthalmol.2012.2348 Scoper, 2008, Review of third- and fourth-generation fluoroquinolones in ophthalmology: in-vitro and in-vivo efficacy, Adv. Ther., 25, 979, 10.1007/s12325-008-0107-x Seok, 2013, Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 110, 3507, 10.1073/pnas.1222878110 Shah, 2008, Ocular candidiasis: a review, Br. J. Ophthalmol., 98, 466, 10.1136/bjo.2007.133405 Shah, 2000, Visual outcomes following the use of intravitreal steroids in the treatment of postoperative endophthalmitis, Ophthalmology, 107, 486, 10.1016/S0161-6420(99)00139-6 Singh, 2014, Intravitreal injection of chimeric phage endolysin Ply187 protects mice from Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 58, 4621, 10.1128/AAC.00126-14 Silverstein, 1959, Immunogenic endophthalmitis produced in the guinea pig by different pathogenetic mechanisms, Am. J. Ophthalmol., 48, 435, 10.1016/0002-9394(59)90596-3 Slijkerman, 2015, The pros and cons of vertebrate animal models for functional and therapeutic research on inherited retinal dystrophies, Prog. Retin. Eye Res., 48, 137, 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.04.004 Smith, 1997, Treatment of experimental methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis with intravitreal vancomycin and intravitreal dexamethasone, J. Inf. Dis., 175, 462, 10.1093/infdis/175.2.462 Stevens, 1992, A hemolysin-encoding plasmid contributes to bacterial virulence in experimental Enterococcus faecalis endophthalmitis, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 33, 1650 Sugi, 2013, Increased resistance to Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis in BALB/c mice: Fas ligand is required for resolution of inflammation but not for bacterial clearance, Infect. Immun., 81, 2217, 10.1128/IAI.00405-12 Suzuki, 2011, Role of wall teichoic acids in Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 52, 3187, 10.1167/iovs.10-6558 Taban, 2005, Acute endophthalmitis following cataract surgery: a systemic review of the literature, Arch. Ophthalmol., 123, 613, 10.1001/archopht.123.5.613 Talley, 1987, The role of vitrectomy in the treatment of postoperative bacterial endophthalmitis: an experimental study, Arch. Ophthalmol., 105, 1699, 10.1001/archopht.1987.01060120097034 Talreja, 2014, Pathogenicity of ocular isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in a mouse model of bacterial endophthalmitis, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 55, 2392, 10.1167/iovs.13-13401 Talreja, 2015, In vivo role of TLR2 and MyD88 signaling in eliciting innate immune responses in staphylococcal endophthalmitis, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 56, 1719, 10.1167/iovs.14-16087 Tucker, 1972, Experimental bacterial endophthalmitis, Arch. Ophthalmol., 88, 647, 10.1001/archopht.1972.01000030649016 Tasaka, 2013, Moxifloxacin as postoperative prophylaxis for Enterococcus faecalis-induced endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in aphakic rabbits, J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther., 29, 403, 10.1089/jop.2012.0149 Thronton, 2015, Differential bacterial gene expression during experimental pneumococcal endophthalmitis, Ophthalmic Res., 53, 149, 10.1159/000371713 VEGF Inhibition Study in Ocular Neovascularization (V.I.S.I.O.N.) Clinical Trial Group, 2006, Pegaptanib sodium for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year safety results of the two prospective, multicenter, controlled clinical trials, Ophthalmology, 113, 992, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.02.027 Von Sallmann, 1943, Penicillin and sulfadiazine in the treatment of experimental intraocular infection with Pneumococcus, Arch. Ophthalmol., 30, 426, 10.1001/archopht.1943.00880220018002 Von Sallmann, 1944, Penetration of penicillin into the eye, Arch. Ophthalmol., 31, 1, 10.1001/archopht.1944.00890010019001 Von Sallmann, 1944, Experimental study on penicillin treatment of ectogenous infection of vitreous, Arch. Ophthalmol., 32, 179, 10.1001/archopht.1944.00890090029003 Von Sallmann, 1947, Controversial points in ocular penicillin therapy, Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc., 45, 570 Waheed, 1998, New patterns of infecting organisms in late bleb-related endophthalmitis: a ten year review, Eye, 12, 910, 10.1038/eye.1998.237 West, 2005, The incidence of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery among the US Medicare population increased between 1994 and 2001, Ophthalmology, 112, 1388, 10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.02.028 Whiston, 2008, αB-crystallin protects retinal tissue during Staphylococcus aureus-induced endophthalmitis, Infect. Immun., 76, 1781, 10.1128/IAI.01285-07 Willermain, 2012, Interplay between innate and adaptive immunity in the development of non-infectious uveitis, Prog. Retin. Eye Res., 31, 182, 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.11.004 Winward, 1993, Postoperative Propionibacterium endophthalmitis. treatment strategies and long-term results, Ophthalmol, 100, 447, 10.1016/S0161-6420(93)31624-6 Wiskur, 2008, Hypermucoviscosity as a virulence factor in experimental Klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 49, 4931, 10.1167/iovs.08-2276 Wiskur, 2008, Toward improving therapeutic regimens for Bacillus endophthalmitis, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 49, 1480, 10.1167/iovs.07-1303 Wiskur, 2009, Update on improvements for therapy of severe bacterial endophthalmitis, 8th Int. Symp. Ocul. Pharm. Ther., 25 Wong, 2000, An East Asian experience and a reappraisal of a severe ocular affliction, Ophthalmol, 107, 1483, 10.1016/S0161-6420(00)00216-5 Yoshizumi, 1998, Timing of dexamethasone treatment in experimental Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis, Retina, 18, 130, 10.1097/00006982-199818020-00006 Yu, 2006, Oxygen distribution in the mouse retina, Investig.. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 47, 1109, 10.1167/iovs.05-1118