Modeling and monitoring in a soft argillaceous shale tunnel

Acta Geotechnica - Tập 4 - Trang 273-282 - 2009
Lin-chong Huang1, Zhi-sheng Xu2, Cui-ying Zhou1
1School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
2School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China

Tóm tắt

Taking advantage of measurements from an in situ monitoring program and an elastoplastic model using the finite-difference method, this paper simulates and evaluates the deformation and stability of a tunnel in soft argillaceous shale. The elastoplastic model is implemented in FLAC3D program to simulate the deformation and the stress of the soft argillaceous shale during construction. In situ tests performed in the soft argillaceous shale tunnel show that the results from numerical simulations are in good quantitative agreement with the measured in situ data. Results of the simulations also suggest that deformation rate is high during the initial phase of tunnel excavation, compared with the later phase, but the time to reach a steady state remains long. Entire primary support has been undergoing plastic deformation before construction of the secondary lining, which takes the form of so-called “shear yield” from the middle to the bottom of the arch. Some auxiliary measures, especially the anchor, should be applied to enhance stabilization because of the large compressive stress located at the arch springing of the tunnel. The methodology applied in this article can be used to investigate the effect of construction on the performance of tunnels in soft argillaceous shale.

Tài liệu tham khảo

Andrade JE, Borja RI (2007) Modeling deformation banding in dense and loose fluid-saturated sands. Finite Elem Anal Des 43:361–383 Attewell PB, Woodman JP (1982) Predicting the dynamics of ground settlement and its deriving caused by tunneling in soil. Ground Eng 15:13–22 Bhalla S, Yang YW, Zhao J, Soh CK (2000) Structural health monitoring of underground facilities technological issues and challenges. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 20(5):487–500 Bizjak KF, Petkovsek B (2004) Displacement analysis of tunnel support in soft rock around a shallow highway tunnel at Golovec. Eng Geol 75:89–106 Bobet A (2001) Analytical solutions for shallow tunnels in saturated ground. J Eng Mech 127:1258–1266 Borja RI (1994) Elastoplastic consolidation at finite strain. In: Siriwardane HJ, Zaman MM (eds) Computer methods and advances in geomechanics, pp 753–758 Borja RI, Alarcrn E (1995) A mathematical framework for finite strain elastoplastic consolidation. Part 1: Balance laws, variational formulation, and linearization. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 122(14):5–171 Borja RI, Andrade JE (2006) Critical state plasticity, Part VI: Meso-scale finite element simulation of strain localization in discrete granular materials. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 195:5115–5140 Borja RI, Tamagnini C (1998) Cam-clay plasticity. Part III. Extension of the infinitesimal model to include finite strains. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 155:73–95 Borja RI, Tamagnini C, Amorosi A (1997) Coupling plasticity and energy conserving elasticity models for clays. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 123:948–957 Brown ET, Bray JW, Ladanyi B, Hoek E (1983) Ground response curves for rock tunnels. J Geotech Eng ASCE 109:15–39 Design Group (2005). Survey and design data of Guan Kouya Tunnel. China RAILWAY Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co., Ltd, Wuahn, China Exadaktylos GE, Lioilios PA, Stavropoulou MC (2003) A semianalytical elastic stress displacement solution for notched circular openings in rocks. Int J Solids Struct 40:1165–1187 Hejazi Y, Dias D, Kastner R (2008) Impact of constitutive models on the numerical analysis of underground constructions. Acta Geotech 3(4):251–258 Hoek E, Brown ET (1980) Underground excavations in rock. Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London Höfle R, Fillibeck J, Vogt N (2008) Time dependent deformations during tunneling and stability of tunnel faces in fine-grained soils under groundwater. Acta Geotech 3(4):309–316 Itasca Consulting Group (2000) Fast Lagrangrian analysis of continua (FLAC) user’s guide. Version 3.00. Itasca Consulting Group Inc, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA Kamatah H, Mashimo H (2003) Centrifuge model test of tunnel face reinforcement by bolting. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 18:205–212 Kasper T, Meschke G (2004) A 3D finite element simulation model for TBM tunneling in soft ground. Int J Numer Anal Meth Geomech 28:1441–1460 Labra C, Rojek J, Oñate E, Zarate F (2008) Advances in discrete element modelling of underground excavations. Acta Geotech 3(4):317–322 Liu HY, Small JC, Carter JP (2008) Full 3D modeling for effects of tunneling on existing support systems in the Sydney region. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 23:399–420 Loganathan N, Poulos HG (1998) Analytical prediction for tunneling induced ground movements in clays. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 124:846–856 Maekawa K, Pimanmas A, Okamura H (2003) Nonlinear mechanics of reinforced concrete. Spon Press, London Maranha JR, Vieira A (2008) Influence of initial plastic anisotropy of overconsolidated clays on ground behaviour during tunneling. Acta Geotech 3(4):259–271 Ministry of Transport of China (2004) Design specification for highway tunnel (JTG D70-2004), Beijing Park SH, Adachi T (2002) Laboratory tests and FE analyses on tunneling in the unconsolidated ground with inclined layers. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 17:181–193 Park KH, Kim YJ (2006) Analytical solution for a circular opening in an elasto-brittle-plastic rock. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 43:616–622 Peck RB (1969) Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground. In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on soil mechanics and foundation engineering, state of the art volume, vol 3. Mexican Society of Soil Mechanics, Mexico, pp 225–290 Pichler B, Scheiner S, Hellmich C (2008) From micron-sized needle-shaped hydrates to meter-sized shotcrete tunnel shells: micromechanical upscaling of stiffness and strength of hydrating shotcrete. Acta Geotech 3(4):273–294 Rowe RK, Kack GJ (1983) A theoretical examination of the settlements induced by tunneling four case histories. Can Geotech J 20:299–314 Rowe RK, Lee KM (1990) Finite element modeling of the three-dimensional ground deformations due to tunneling in soft cohesive soils. Part I - method of analysis. Comput Geotech 2:87–109 Shahrour I, Mroueh H (1997) Three-dimensional non linear analysis of a closely twin tunnels. Sixth Int Symp Numer Models Geomech Montreal 2:481–487 Sharan SK (2005) Exact and approximate solutions for displacements around circular openings in elastic–brittle–plastic Hoek–Brown rock. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 42:542–549 Strack OE, Verruijt A (2002) A complex variable solution for a deforming buoyant tunnel in a heavy elastic half-plane. Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech 26:1235–1252 Sun GZ (1989) Rock structure mechanics. Science Press, Beijing Tsuchiyama S, Hayakawa M, Shinokawa T, Konno H (1988). Deformation behaviour of the tunnel under the excavation of crossing tunnel. In: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on numerical methods in geomechanics, Innsbruck, pp 1591–1596 Waversik WR, Brace WF (1971) Post-failure behaviour of granite and diabase. Rock Mech Rock Eng 3:61–85 Wu BR, Lee CJ (2003) Ground movements and collapse mechanism induced by tunneling in clayey soil. Int J Phys Model Geotechnol 4:15–29 Zeiml M, Lackner R, Mang HA (2008) Experimental insight into spalling behaviour of concrete tunnel linings under fire loading. Acta Geotech 3(4):295–308