Modeling Triaxial Testing with Flexible Membrane to Investigate Effects of Particle Size on Strength and Strain Properties of Cohesionless Soil

Addenbrooke, T., Potts, D., Puzrin, A.: The influence of pre-failure soil stiffness on the numerical analysis of tunnel construction. Geotechnique. 47(3), 693–712 (1997)

Ahlinhan, M., Houehanou, E., Koube, M., Doko, V., Alaye, Q., Sungura, N., Adjovi, E.: Experiments and 3D DEM of triaxial compression tests under special consideration of particle stiffness. Geomaterials. 8, 39–62 (2018)

Bagherzadeh-Khalkhali, A., Mirghasemi, A.A.: Numerical and experimental direct shear tests for coarse-grained soils. Particuology. 7, 83–91 (2009)

Bardet, J.P., Proubet, J.: A numerical investigation of the structure of persistent shear bands in granular media. Géotechnique. 41(4), 599–613 (1991)

Belheine, N., Plassiard, J.P., Donzé, F.V., Darve, F., Seridi, A.: Numerical simulation of drained triaxial test using 3D discrete element modeling. Comput. Geotech. 36(1), 320–331 (2009)

Ben-David, O., Rubinstein, S.M., Fineberg, J.: Slip-stick and the evolution of frictional strength. Nature. 463(7277), 76–79 (2010)

Binesh, S.M., Eslami-Feizabad, E., Rahmani, R.: Discrete element modeling of drained triaxial test: flexible and rigid lateral boundaries. Int. J. Civ. Eng. 16(10), 1463–1474 (2018)

Bolton, M.D.: The strength and dilatancy of sands. Geotechnique. 36(1), 65–78 (1986)

Cheung, G., O’Sullivan, C.: Effective simulation of flexible lateral boundaries in two- and three-dimensional DEM simulations. Particuology. 6(6), 483–500 (2008)

Cil, M.B., Alshibli, K.A.: 3D analysis of kinematic behavior of granular materials in triaxial testing using DEM with flexible membrane boundary. Acta Geotech. 9(2), 287–298 (2014)

Coetzee, C.J.: Calibration of the discrete element method and the effect of particle shape. Powder Technol. 297, 50–70 (2016)

Coetzee, C.J.: Review: calibration of the discrete element method. Powder Technol. 310, 104–142 (2017)

Coetzee, C.J., Els, D.N.J.: Calibration of discrete element parameters and the modelling of silo discharge and bucket filling. Comput. Electron. Agric. 65(2), 198–212 (2009)

Cundall, P.A., Hart, R.D.: Numerical modeling of discontinua. In: Hudson, J.A. (ed.) Comprehensive Rock Engineering, vol. 2, pp. 231–243. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1993)

Cundall, P.A., Strack, O.D.L.: A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies. Geotechnique. 29(1), 47–65 (1979)

Dai, B.B., Yang, J., Zhou, C.Y.: Observed effects of interparticle friction and particle size on shear behavior of granular materials. Int. J. Geomech. 16(1), 040150111 (2016)

De Bono, J.P., McDowell, G.R.: DEM of triaxial tests on crushable sand. Granul. Matter. 16(4), 551–562 (2014)

De Bono, J., Mcdowell, G., Wanatowski, D.: Discrete element modelling of a flexible membrane for triaxial testing of granular material at high pressures. Géotech. Lett. 2(4), 199–203 (2012)

Frost, J.D., Evans, T.M.: Membrane effects in biaxial compression tests. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 135(7), 986–991 (2009)

Griffiths, D.V., Mustoe, G.G.W.: Modelling of elastic continua using a grillage of structural elements based on discrete element concepts. Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 50(7), 1759–1775 (2001)

Gupta, A.K.: Effect of particle size and confining pressure on breakage and strength parameters of rockfill materials. Electron. J. Geotech. Eng. 14(H), 1–12 (2009)

Harehdasht, S.A., Karray, M., Hussien, M.N., Chekired, M.: Influence of particle size and gradation on the stress-dilatancy behavior of granular materials during drained triaxial compression. Int. J. Geomech. 17(9), 04017077 (2017)

Henkel, D., Gilbert, G.: The effect measured of the rubber membrane on the triaxial compression strength of clay samples. Geotechnique. 3(1), 20–29 (1952)

Islam, M.N., Siddika, A., Hossain, M.B., Rahman, A., Asad, M.A.: Effect of particle size on the shear strength behavior of sands. Aust. Geomech. J. 46(3), 75–85 (2011)

Itasca: Particle flow code in three dimensions. Itasca Consulting Group, Minneapolis (2014)

Iwashita, K., Oda, M.: Rolling resistance at contacts in simulation of shear band development by DEM. J. Eng. Mech. 124(3), 285–292 (1998)

Khoubani, A., Evans, T.M.: An efficient flexible membrane boundary condition for DEM simulation of axisymmetric element tests. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 42(4), 694–715 (2018)

Kim, D., Ha, S.: Effects of particle size on the shear behavior of coarse-grained soils reinforced with geogrid. Materials. 7, 963–979 (2014)

Kim, D., Sagong, M., Lee, Y.: Effects of fine aggregate content on the mechanical properties of the compacted decomposed granitic soils. Constr. Build. Mater. 19(3), 189–196 (2005)

Kirkpatric, W.M.: Effects of grain size and grading on the shearing behavior of granular materials. Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Soil. Mech. and Foundation Engineering, Canada. 1, 273–277 (1965)

Kishino, Y.: Disc model analysis of granular media. Micromechanics of granular materials. Stud. Appl. Mech. 20, 143–152 (1988)

Kozicki, J., Tejchman, J.: DEM investigations of two-dimensional granular vortex- and anti-vortex-structures during plane strain compression. Granul. Matter. 2(20), 1–28 (2016)

Kuhn, M.: A flexible boundary for three-dimensional dem particle assemblies. Eng. Comput. 12(2), 175–183 (1995)

Li, B., Zhang, F., Gutierrez, M.: A numerical examination of the hollow cylindrical torsional shear test using DEM. Acta Geotech. 10(4), 449–467 (2015)

Lin, H., Zhang, J.: Triaxial tests and DEM simulation on artificial bonded granular materials. Jpn. Geotech. Soc. Spec. Publ. 2(17), 660–663 (2016)

Lommen, S., Schott, D., Lodewijks, G.: DEM speedup: stiffness effects on behavior of bulk material. Particuology. 12, 107–112 (2014)

Lu, Y., Li, X., Wang, Y.: Application of a flexible membrane to DEM modelling of axisymmetric triaxial compression tests on sands. Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng. 22(sup1), s19–s36 (2018)

Marigo, M., Stitt, E.H.: Discrete element method (DEM) for industrial applications: comments on calibration and validation for the modelling of cylindrical pellets. KONA Powder Part. J. 32, 236–252 (2015)

Marschi, N.D., Chan, C.K., Seed, H.B.: Evaluation of properties of rockfill materials. J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. 98(1), 95–114 (1972)

Mishra, D., Mahmud, S.N.: Effect of particle size and shape characteristics on ballast shear strength, a numerical study using the direct shear test. In: Proceeding of the 2017 Joint rail conference, Philadelphia, USA (2017)

Newland, P., Allely, B.: Volume changes during undrained triaxial tests on saturated dilatant granular materials. Geotechnique. 9(4), 174–182 (1959)

O’Connor, R.: A distributed discrete element modeling environment algorithms, implementation and applications. Ph.D. Thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1996)

Ostoja-Starzewski, M.: Lattice models in micromechanics. Appl. Mech. Rev. 55(1), 35–60 (2002)

Pham, Q.T.: Investigating composite behavior of geosynthetic reinforced soil mass, PhD Thesis, University of Colorado, 358 pages (2009)

Potyondy, D.O., Cundall, P.A.: A bonded-particle model for rock. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 41(8), 1329–1364 (2004)

Powrie, W., Ni, Q., Harkness, R.M., Zhang, X.: Numerical modelling of plane strain tests on sands using a particulate approach. Géotechnique. 55(4), 297–306 (2005)

Qu, T., Feng, Y.T., Wang, Y., Wang, M.: Discrete element modelling of flexible membrane boundaries for triaxial tests. Comput. Geotech. 115, 103154 (2019)

Rowe, P.W.: The stress-dilatancy relation for static equilibrium of an assembly of particles in contact. Proc. R. Soc. London A. 269, 500–527 (1962)

Saussus, D.R., Frost, J.D.: Simulating the membrane contact patterns of triaxial sand specimens. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 24(12), 931–946 (2000)

Seo, M.W., Ha, I.S., Kim, B.J.: Effects of particle size and test equipment on shear behavior of coarse materials. J. Kor. Soc. Civil Eng. 27(6C), 393–400 (2007)

Sitharam, T.G., Dinesh, S.V., Shimizu, N.: Micromechanical modelling of monotonic drained and undrained shear behavior of granular media using three-dimensional DEM. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 26(12), 1167–1189 (2002)

Sitharam, G.T., Nimbkar, S.M.: Micromechanical modelling of granular materials: effect of particle size and gradation. Geotech. Geol. Eng. 18, 91–117 (2000)

Vermeer, P.A.: The orientation of shear bands in biaxial tests. Géotechnique. 40(2), 223–236 (1990)

Wang, Y., Tonon, F.: Modeling triaxial test on intact rock using discrete element method with membrane boundary. J. Eng. Mech. 135(9), 1029–1037 (2009)

Wang, J., Yan, H.: On the role of particle breakage in the shear failure behavior of granular soils by DEM. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 37(8), 832–854 (2013)

Wilson, J.F., Sáez, E.: Use of discrete element modeling to study the stress and strain distribution in cyclic torsional shear tests. Acta Geotech. 12(3), 511–526 (2017)

Xiaofeng, X.U., Houzhen, W.E.I., Qingshan, M., Changfu, W.E.I., Yonghe, L.I.: DEM simulation on effect of coarse gravel content to direct shear strength and deformation characteristics of coarse-grained soil. J. Eng. Geol. 21(2), 311–316 (2013)

Zhao, X., Evans, T.M.: Discrete simulations of laboratory loading conditions. Int. J. Geomech. 9(4), 169–178 (2009)