Model-Based Requirements Management in Gear Systems Design Based On Graph-Based Design Languages

Applied Sciences - Tập 7 Số 11 - Trang 1112
Kevin Holder1, Andreas Zech2, Manuel Ramsaier2, Ralf Stetter2, H. Niedermeier1, Stephan Rudolph3, Markus Till2
1ZF Friedrichshafen AG, 88046 Friedrichshafen, Germany
2Fakultät Maschinenbau, Hochschule Ravensburg-Weingarten, 88250 Weingarten, Germany
3Statik und Dynamik der Luft- und Raumfahrtkonstruktionen, Universität Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany

Tóm tắt

For several decades, a wide-spread consensus concerning the enormous importance of an in-depth clarification of the specifications of a product has been observed. A weak clarification of specifications is repeatedly listed as a main cause for the failure of product development projects. Requirements, which can be defined as the purpose, goals, constraints, and criteria associated with a product development project, play a central role in the clarification of specifications. The collection of activities which ensure that requirements are identified, documented, maintained, communicated, and traced throughout the life cycle of a system, product, or service can be referred to as “requirements engineering”. These activities can be supported by a collection and combination of strategies, methods, and tools which are appropriate for the clarification of specifications. Numerous publications describe the strategy and the components of requirements management. Furthermore, recent research investigates its industrial application. Simultaneously, promising developments of graph-based design languages for a holistic digital representation of the product life cycle are presented. Current developments realize graph-based languages by the diagrams of the Unified Modelling Language (UML), and allow the automatic generation and evaluation of multiple product variants. The research presented in this paper seeks to present a method in order to combine the advantages of a conscious requirements management process and graph-based design languages. Consequently, the main objective of this paper is the investigation of a model-based integration of requirements in a product development process by means of graph-based design languages. The research method is based on an in-depth analysis of an exemplary industrial product development, a gear system for so-called “Electrical Multiple Units” (EMU). Important requirements were abstracted from a gear system specification list and were analyzed in detail. As a second basis, the research method uses a conscious expansion of graph-based design languages towards their applicability for requirements management. This expansion allows the handling of requirements through a graph-based design language model. The first two results of the presented research consist of a model of the gear system and a detailed model of requirements, both modelled in a graph-based design language. Further results are generated by a combination of the two models into one holistic model.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Bernard, R., and Irlinger, R. (2016, January 4). About watches and cars: Winning R&D strategies in two branches. Proceedings of the Engineering Design—The Art of Building Networks, Garching, Germany.

Hruschka, P. (2014). Business Analysis und Requirements Engineering: Produkte und Prozesse Nachhaltig Verbessern, Hanser.

Ebert, 2012, ReqIF: Seamless Requirements Interchange Format between Business Partners, IEEE Softw., 29, 82, 10.1109/MS.2012.121

Blessing, L.T.M., and Chakrabarti, A. (2009). DRM, a Design Research Methodology, Springer.

Kohn, A. (2013). Entwicklung einer Wissensbasis für die Arbeit mit Produktmodellen. [Ph.D. Thesis, Lehrstuhl für Produktentwicklung der Technischen Universität München].

Darlington, 2004, A model of factors influencing the design requirement, Des. Stud., 25, 329, 10.1016/j.destud.2003.12.003

Jiao, 2006, Customer requirement management in product development: A review of research issues, Concurr. Eng. Res. Appl., 14, 173, 10.1177/1063293X06068357

Zhang, Z., Li, X., and Liz, Z. (2014, January 8–11). A closed-loop based framework for design requirement management. Proceedings of the 21st ISPE Inc. International Conference on Concurrent Engineering, Beijing, China.

(2017, August 29). ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148:2011: Systems and Software Engineering—Life Cycle Processes—Requirements Engineering. Available online: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6146379/.

(2017, August 29). ISO/IEC 15288:2008 Systems and Software Engineering—System Life Cycle Processes. Available online: https://www.iso.org/standard/43564.html.

(2017, August 29). ISO 9001:2015: Quality Management Systems—Requirements. Available online: https://www.iso.org/standard/62085.html.

Morkos, 2014, Comparative analysis of requirements change prediction models: Manual, linguistic, and neural network, Res. Eng. Des., 25, 139, 10.1007/s00163-014-0170-z

Mattmann, I., Gramlich, S., and Kloberdanz, H. (2015, January 27–30). The malicious labyrinth of requirements—Three types of requirements for a systematic determination of product properties. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15), Milan, Italy.

Becattini, N., Cascini, G., and Rotini, F. (2015, January 27–30). Requirements checklists: Benchmarking the comprehensiveness of the design specification. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15), Milan, Italy.

Chen, 2007, Formalisation of product requirements: From natural language descriptions to formal specifications, Int. J. Manuf. Res., 2, 362, 10.1504/IJMR.2007.014730

Bühne, S., and Herrmann, A. (2017, August 29). Handbuch Requirements Management nach IREB Standard. Aus- und Weiterbildung zum IREB Certified Professional for Requirements Engineering Advanced Level “Requirements Management”. IREB e.V.: 2015. Available online: https://www.ireb.org/content/downloads/14-handbook-cpre-advanced-level-requirements-modeling/ireb_cpre_handbuch_requirements_modeling_advanced_level_v1.3.pdf.

Griffin, 1993, The Voice of the Customer, Mark. Sci., 12, 1, 10.1287/mksc.12.1.1

Tamaki, 2011, Analysis of Kano-Model-Based Customer Needs for Product Development, Syst. Eng., 14, 154, 10.1002/sys.20168

Sato, 2016, Analysis of Kano-Model-Based Customer Needs for Product Development, Int. J. Autom. Technol., 10, 132

Nambisan, 2002, Designing Virtual Customer Environments for New Product Development: Toward a Theory, Acad. Manag. Rev., 27, 392, 10.2307/4134386

Vezzetti, 2016, New product development (NPD) of ‘family business’ dealing in the luxury industry: Evaluating maturity stage for implementing a PLM solution, Int. J. Fash. Des. Technol. Educ., 10, 219, 10.1080/17543266.2016.1250286

Salado, 2014, A Categorization Model of Requirements Based on Max-Neef’s Model of Human Needs, Syst. Eng., 17, 348, 10.1002/sys.21274

Martin, S., Aurum, A., Jeffery, R., and Paech, B. (2002, January 2–3). Requirements Engineering Process Models in Practice. Proceedings of the Seventh Australian Workshop on Requirements Engineering, AWRE 2002, Melbourne, Australia.

Batra, 2017, A Comparative Study of Requirements Engineering Process Model, Int. J. Adv. Res. Comput. Sci., 8, 740

Almefelt, 2006, Requirements management in practice: Findings from an empirical study in the automotive industry, Res. Eng. Des., 17, 113, 10.1007/s00163-006-0023-5

Ramesh, 2001, Towards Reference Models for Requirements Traceability, IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng., 27, 58, 10.1109/32.895989

(2017, August 29). Siemens: Teamcenter Systems Engineering. Available online: https://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/de/products/teamcenter/systems-engineering-software/.

(2017, August 29). IBM: Rational DOORS. Available online: http://www-03.ibm.com/software/products/de/ratidoor.

(2017, August 29). Serena: Serena Dimensions RM. Available online: http://www.serena.com/index.php/de/products/more-products/dimensions-rm/.

Nicolas, 2012, Requirements engineering tools: Capabilities, survey and assessment, Inf. Softw. Technol., 54, 1142, 10.1016/j.infsof.2012.04.005

(2017, August 29). Object Management Group: Requirements Interchange Format (ReqIF) Version 1.2. Available online: http://www.omg.org/spec/ReqIF/1.2/PDF.

(2017, August 29). Eclipse: RMF/ProR. Available online: http://www.eclipse.org/rmf/.

Störrle, H., and Kucharek, M. (2014, January 1–5). The requirements editor RED. Proceedings of the European Conference on Modelling Foundations and Applications (ECMFA 2013), Montpellier, France.

DTU: RED (2017, August 29). The Requirements Engineering Workplace. Available online: http://www2.compute.dtu.dk/~hsto/RED/index.html.

Sudin, M.N., Ahmed-Kristensen, S., and Andreasen, M.M. (2010, January 17–20). The role of a specification in the design process: A case study. Proceedings of the International Design Conference, Cavtat-Dubrovnik, Croatia.

Li, X., and Ahmed-Kristensen, S. (2015, January 27–30). Understand the design requirement in companies. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15), Milan, Italy.

Borgianni, Y., and Rotini, F. (2015, January 27–30). Stakeholders’ diverging perceptions of product requirements: Implications in the design practice. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15), Milan, Italy.

Finger, S., and Rinderle, J. (1990). A Transformational Approach to Mechanical Design Using a Bond Graph Grammer, Engineering Design Center of Carnegie Mellon University. Technical Report.

Le Duigou, J., and Bernard, A. (2011, January 27–29). Product Lifecycle Management Model for Design Information Management in Mechanical Field. Proceedings of the 21st CIRP Design Conference, Daejeon, Korea.

Eckert, C., Albers, A., Bursac, N., Chen, H.X., Clarkson, P.J., Gericke, K., Gladysz, B., Maier, J.F., Rachenkova, G., and Shapiro, D. (2015, January 27–30). Integrated Product and Process Models: Towards an Integrated Framework and Review. Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED15), Milan, Italy.

Rudolph, S. (2003). Aufbau und Einsatz von Entwurfssprachen für den Ingenieurentwurf. Forum Knowledge Based Engineering, CAT-PRO.

Arnold, P., and Rudolph, S. (2012, January 7–11). Bridging the Gap between Product Design and Product Manufacturing by Means of Graph-Based Design Languages. Proceedings of the TMCE, Karlsruhe, Germany.

Groß, J., and Rudolph, S. (2012, January 26–29). Generating simulation models from UML—A FireSat example. Proceedings of the 2012 Symposium on Theory of Modeling and Simulation—DEVS Integrative M&S Symposium, Orlando, FL, USA.

Rudolph, S. (2012, January 30). On the problem of multi-disciplinary system design—And a solution approach using graph-based design languages. Proceedings of the 1st ACCM Workshop on Mechatronic Design, Linz, Austria.

(2017, August 29). Eisenbahn-Kurier. Available online: http://www.eisenbahn-kurier.de/startbeitraege/126-startseite/1518-bombardier-veranstaltet-erstes-internationales-forum-fuer-betreiber-von-flexx-drehgestellen.

Ammenwerth, E. (2000). Die Modellierung von Anforderungen an die Informationsverarbeitung im Krankenhaus. [Ph.D. Thesis, Medizinische Fakultät Heidelberg der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität].

Martin, J. (1989). Information Engineering. Book II: Planning & Analysis, Prentice Hall.

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Applied Sciences

Tập 7 Số 11

1112

Thông tin tác giả