Mode of cell migration to the superficial layers of fetal monkey neocortex

Journal of Comparative Neurology - Tập 145 Số 1 - Trang 61-83 - 1972
Pasko Rakić1
1Department of Neuropathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115

Tóm tắt

AbstractGolgi and electronmicroscopic methods were used to define the shapes and intercellular relationships of cells migrating from their sites of origin near the ventricular surface across the intermediate zone to the superficial neocortical layers of the parietooccipital region in the brains of 75‐ to 97‐day monkey fetuses. After mitotic division in either ventricular or subventricular zones, the cells enter the intermediate zone and assume an elongated bipolar form oriented toward the cortical plate. The leading processes, 50 to 70 μ long, are irregular cytoplasmic cylinders containing prominent Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, microtubules, ribosomal rosettes, immature endoplasmic reticulum and occasional centrioles. They usually terminate in several attenuated expansions, the longest one oriented toward the cortical plate. The trailing processes are more slender, relatively uniform in caliber and display few organelles.Throughout the 3500 μ pathway across the intermediate zone the migrating cells are apposed to elongated, radially oriented, immature glial processes which span the full thickness of the cerebral wall. Most of the perikarya of these glial cells in the younger specimens lie in the ventricular or subventricular zones, but in older fetuses of this series many are found in the intermediate zone. The main characteristics of these fibers are: elongated cylindrical form contaiing numerous microtubules; electronlucent cytoplasmic matrix; short lamellate expansions protruding at right angles from the segment of the fiber which runs through the intermediate zone; and terminal endfeet joined at the pial surface to form a continuous sheet coated externally with basement membrane. It is suggested that glial radial fibers provide guidelines for cell migration through the complex mixture of closely packed cell processes and cell bodies that compose the developing cerebral wall. Strong surface affinity between radial fiber and migrating cell is suggested in regions where both follow precisely the same curving course from subventricular to intermediate zones and also in areas where large extracellular spaces separate other cells and processes but in which migrating cells and radial fibers remain closely paired nonetheless. Specific affinity between them is implied in the failure of migrating cells to follow any of the myriad differently‐oriented processes they encounter. Several generations of postmitotic cells appear to migrate along the same radial fiber, a developmental mechanism that would allow for the vertical cell columns of adult neocortex.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1038/192766b0

Aström K. E., 1967, Progress in Brain Research, Developmental Neurology, 1

Berry M., 1965, The migration of neuroblasts in the developing cerebral cortex, J. Anat., 99, 691

10.1016/0006-8993(71)90367-2

10.1002/ar.1091660214

de Castro F., 1920, Algunas observaciones sobre la histogénesis de la neuroglia en el bulbo olfactivo, Trabajos, Lab. Invest., 18, 83

Godina G., 1951, Istogenesis e differenziazione del neuroni e degli element gliali della corteccia cerebrale, Z. Zellforsch., 36, 401, 10.1007/BF00345285

Golgi C., 1883, Sulla fina anatomia degli organi centrali del sistema nervoso, 397

10.1002/aja.1000030303

10.1002/ar.1091600311

10.1007/BF00391127

Hines M., 1934, Cyto‐architecture of the cerebral cortex in man. In: Localization of Function in the Cerebral Cortex, Res. Publ. Assn. Res. Nerv. Ment. Dis. Proc., 8, 26

His W.1889Die Neuroblasten und der Entstehung im embraionalen Mark.Arch. Anat. Psychol. Anat. Abth. pp.249–300.

His W., 1904, Die Entwickelung des menschlichen Gehirns wahrend der ersten Monte, 176

10.1113/jphysiol.1962.sp006837

10.1038/221747a0

Karnovsky M. J., 1965, A formaldehyde‐glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolarity for use in electronmicroscopy, J. Cell Biol., 27, 137A

Kölliker A., 1896, Nervensystem des Menschen under der Thiere, 409

Landis R. M.1971Development of the cerebellar cortex in the normal and staggerer mouse. Thesis Harvard Medical School 59pages.

Lorente de Nó R., 1933, Studies on the structure of the cerebral cortex, J. Psychol. Neurol., Lepizig, 45, 381

Lorente de Nó R., 1949, Physiology of the Nervous System, 288

Magini G., 1888, Sur la néuroglie et les cellules nerveuses cérébrales chez les foetus, Arch. ital. Biol., 9, 59

10.1007/BF00522528

10.1007/BF00520999

10.1152/jn.1957.20.4.408

10.1007/BF00336702

Penfield W., 1939, Cytology and Cellular Pathology of the Nervous System, 423

10.1083/jcb.32.1.113

Poliakov G. I., 1966, Evolution of the Forebrain, 249, 10.1007/978-1-4899-6527-1_23

10.1002/cne.901410303

10.1016/0006-8993(71)90119-3

Rakic P., 1971, Radial glial fibers as guides for cell migrating to the superficial layers of fetal monkey neocortex, Abst. Am. Soc. Cell Biol., 11, 238

10.1007/978-3-642-85986-1_3

Ramón y Cajal S., 1891, Surla structure de l'écorce cérébrale de quelques mammifères, La Cellule, 7, 125

Ramón y CajalS.1911Histologie de Système Nerveux de l'Homme ed des Vertébrés. Vol. 2. Paris Maloine. Reprined by Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas Madrid 1955 pp.847–861.

Retzius G., 1893, Studien über Ependym und Neuroglia, Biologische Untersuchungen (Stockholm), 5, 9

Sala y Pons C., 1894, La Neuroglia de los Vertebrados, 44

10.1002/cne.901390206

10.1002/cne.901290105

10.1002/cne.901290106

10.1007/BF00440763

Streeter G. L., 1912, Manual of Human Embryology, 1

Thomas M. A., 1894, Contribution a l'étude du dévelopment des cellules d'écorce cérébrale par méthode de Golgi, Compt. Rend. Soc Biol., 46, 66

10.1007/BF00319179

Vignal W., 1888, Recherchessur le développment des éléments des couches corticales du cerveau et du cervelet chez l'homme et les mammiféres, Arch. Physiol. norm. path, (Paris), 2, 228

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Journal of Comparative Neurology

Tập 145 Số 1

61-83

Thông tin tác giả