Mode of action and toxicological effects of the sesquiterpenoid, nootkatone, in insects

(EPA), E. P. A, 2021 Anderson, 2012, Acetylcholinesterase inhibition by nootkatone and carvacrol in arthropods, Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 102, 124, 10.1016/j.pestbp.2011.12.002 Baines, 1998, Electrophysiological development of central neurons in the Drosophila embryo, J. Neurosci., 18, 4673, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-12-04673.1998 Bharadwaj, 2012, Efficacy and environmental persistence of nootkatone for the control of the blacklegged tick (Acari: Ixodidae) in residential landscapes, J. Med. Entomol., 49, 1035, 10.1603/ME11251 Bloomquist, 1994, Cyclodiene resistance at the insect GABA receptor/chloride channel complex confers broad cross resistance to convulsants and experimental phenylpyrazole insecticides, Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol., 26, 69, 10.1002/arch.940260106 Bloomquist, 1991, Excitation of central neurons by dieldrin and picrotoxinin in susceptible and resistant Drosophila melanogaster, Pestic. Sci., 32, 463, 10.1002/ps.2780320408 Clarkson, 2021, Nootkatone is an effective repellent against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, Insects, 12, 10.3390/insects12050386 Dolan, 2009, Ability of two natural products, nootkatone and carvacrol, to suppress Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) in a Lyme disease endemic area of New Jersey, J. Econ. Entomol., 102, 2316, 10.1603/029.102.0638 Du, 2005, Independent mutations in the Rdl locus confer dieldrin resistance to Anopheles gambiae and An, Arabiensis, 14, 179 Dyer, 2021, Evaluating the effects of minimal risk natural products for control of the tick, Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae), J. Med. Entomol., 58, 390 Finney, 1952 Francis, 2016, Toxicity and physiological actions of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors to Aedes aegypti and Drosophila melanogaster, Insects, 8, 10.3390/insects8010002 Gross, 2017, Essential oils enhance the toxicity of permethrin against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae, Med. Vet. Entomol., 31, 55, 10.1111/mve.12197 Hawkins, 2007, Comparison of shape-matching and dock- ing as virtual screening tools, J. Med. Chem., 50, 74, 10.1021/jm0603365 Hawkins, 2010, Conformer generation with OMEGA: algo- rithm and validation using high quality structures from the protein databank and cambridge struc- tural database, J. Chem. Inf. Model., 50, 572, 10.1021/ci100031x Hosie, 1996, Actions of picrodendrin antagonists on dieldrin-sensitive and -resistant Drosophila GABA receptors, Br. J. Pharmacol., 119, 1569, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb16074.x Huang, 2003, Bilobalide, a sesquiterpene trilactone from Ginkgo biloba, is an antagonist at recombinant α1β2γ2L GABAA receptors, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 464, 1, 10.1016/S0014-2999(03)01344-X Islam, 2015, A method for assessing chemically-induced paralysis in headless mosquito larvae, MethodsX, 2, 19, 10.1016/j.mex.2014.12.002 Isman, 2000, Plant essential oils for pest and disease management, Crop Prot., 19, 603, 10.1016/S0261-2194(00)00079-X Isman, 2011, Commercial opportunities for pesticides based on plant essential oils in agriculture, industry and consumer products, Phytochem. Rev., 10, 197, 10.1007/s11101-010-9170-4 Larson, 2017, Toxicology of potassium channel-directed compounds in mosquitoes, Neurotoxicology, 60, 214, 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.05.021 Marley, 2011 Matsumura, 1983, Evidence for similarities between cyclodiene type insecticides and picrotoxinin in their action mechanisms, J. Environ. Sci. Health B, 18, 1, 10.1080/03601238309372355 McAllister, 2010, Mode of action for natural products isolated from essential oils of two trees is different from available mosquito adulticides, J. Med. Entomol., 47, 1123, 10.1603/ME10098 Ng, 2017, Effects of bilobalide, ginkgolide B and picrotoxinin on GABAA receptor modulation by structurally diverse positive modulators, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 806, 83, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.04.019 Norris, 2017, Current and future repellent technologies: the potential of spatial repellents and their place in mosquito-borne disease control, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14, 10.3390/ijerph14020124 Norris, 2015, Comparison of the insecticidal characteristics of commercially available plant essential oils against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae), J. Med. Entomol., 52, 993, 10.1093/jme/tjv090 Ozoe, 1994, Picrodendrins, a new group of picrotoxane terpenoids: structure-activity profile of action at the GABAA receptor-coupled picrotoxinin binding site in rat brain, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 58, 1506, 10.1271/bbb.58.1506 Paluch, 2009, Quantitative structure-activity relationship of botanical sesquiterpenes: spatial and contact repellency to the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 7618, 10.1021/jf900964e Paluch, 2010, Mosquito repellents: a review of chemical structure diversity and olfaction, Pest Manag. Sci., 66, 925, 10.1002/ps.1974 Panella, 2005, Use of novel compounds for pest control: insecticidal and acaricidal activity of essential oil components from heartwood of alaska yellow cedar, J. Med. Entomol., 42, 352, 10.1093/jmedent/42.3.352 Peterson, 2009, The chemistry of household, structural and residential insect management, 1 Reina, 2002, C-5-substituted antifeedant silphinene sesquiterpenes from Senecio palmensis, J. Nat. Prod., 65, 448, 10.1021/np0105533 Swale, 2018, Electrophysiological recording of the central nervous system activity of third-instar drosophila melanogaster, J. Visual. Exp., e58375 Zhang, 1994, A unique amino acid of the Drosophila GABA receptor with influence on drug sensitivity by two mechanisms, J. Physiol., 479, 65, 10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020278 Zhu, 2001, Nootkatone is a repellent for formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus), J. Chem. Ecol., 27, 523, 10.1023/A:1010301308649